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Astralium
Taxonomy
Astralium was named by Link (1807) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo R]. It is extant. Its type is Turbo calcar.
It was reranked as Astraea (Astralium) by Gardner (1947), Weisbord (1962), Ladd (1966), Petuch (1997) and Todd (2001).
It was assigned to Astraliinae by Adams and Adams (1854); to Astraea by Gardner (1947), Weisbord (1962), Ladd (1966), Petuch (1997) and Todd (2001); to Archaeogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Turbininae by Wilson (1993), Lozouet et al. (2001), Harzhauser (2004), Bouchet et al. (2005) and Hendy (2007).
It was reranked as Astraea (Astralium) by Gardner (1947), Weisbord (1962), Ladd (1966), Petuch (1997) and Todd (2001).
It was assigned to Astraliinae by Adams and Adams (1854); to Astraea by Gardner (1947), Weisbord (1962), Ladd (1966), Petuch (1997) and Todd (2001); to Archaeogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Turbininae by Wilson (1993), Lozouet et al. (2001), Harzhauser (2004), Bouchet et al. (2005) and Hendy (2007).
Species
Astraea (Astralium) basalis, Astraea (Astralium) eniwetokensis, Astraea (Astralium) polkensis, Astraea (Astralium) rhodostomus, Astraea (Astralium) waluensis, A. aquitanicum, A. arnoldi, A. calcar, A. confragosum, A. dalli, A. fistula, A. infracarinatum (syn. Rothpletzella richthofeni), A. phoebium, A. turritum, Autralium squamiferum, Bellastraea kesteveni
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1807 | Astralium Link |
| 1854 | Astralium Adams and Adams p. 397 |
| 1924 | Bellastraea Iredale pp. 182, 232 |
| 1947 | Astraea (Astralium) Gardner p. 610 |
| 1962 | Astraea (Astralium) Weisbord p. 94 |
| 1966 | Astraea (Astralium) Ladd p. 43 |
| 1966 | Astraea (Bellastraea) Ladd p. 44 |
| 1993 | Astralium Wilson p. 108 |
| 1997 | Astraea (Astralium) Petuch p. 125 |
| 2001 | Astralium Lozouet et al. p. 18 |
| 2001 | Astraea (Astralium) Todd |
| 2002 | Astralium Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Bellastraea Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Astralium Harzhauser p. 110 |
| 2005 | Astralium Bouchet et al. pp. 31, 245 |
| 2007 | Astralium Hendy |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Astralium Link 1807
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†Astraea (Astralium) basalis Olsson 1922
†Astraea (Astralium) eniwetokensis Ladd 1966
†Astraea (Astralium) polkensis Petuch 1997
Astraea (Astralium) rhodostomus Lamarck 1822
†Astraea (Astralium) waluensis Ladd 1966
†Astralium aquitanicum Benoist 1874
†Astralium arnoldi Nomland 1916
Astralium calcar Linnaeus 1758
†Astralium confragosum Gould 1851
†Astralium dalli Maury 1910
†Astralium fistula Stoppani 1858
†Astralium infracarinatum Kittl 1894
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Invalid names: Rothpletzella richthofeni Böhm 1895 [synonym]
Astralium phoebium Röding 1798
†Astralium turritum Kittl 1900
†Autralium squamiferum Koch 1844
Invalid names: Bellastraea Iredale 1924 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 2 | 6.91 | 3.70 | 12.9 | 8.30 | 6.51 |
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ladinian to the top of the Holocene or 242.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma
Collections (61 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ladinian | Italy | Coelocentrus infracarinatus, Rothpletzella richthofeni (138255) | |
| Carnian | Hungary (Bakony) | A. turritum (203199 203210) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Australia (Western Australia) | A. sp. (48441) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Florida) | Astraea polkensis (80184) | |
| Rupelian | Iran | A. aquitanicum (76199) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene - Middle Miocene | Haiti | A. karlschmidti (173459) | |
| Aquitanian | France | A. aquitanicum (74861) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Marshall Islands | Astraea sp. E (77994 77995) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Florida) | Astraea dalli (41760) | |
| Middle Miocene | Indonesia | Astraea granifer (70085) | |
| Middle Miocene | Marshall Islands | Astraea sp. B (77992 77993) Astraea sp. D (78023) | |
| Tortonian | Dominican Republic | A. karlschmidti, A. sublongispinum (58817) A. sp. (74934) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Australia (South Australia) | Astraea hesperus (63436 63439) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia | Astraea verbeeki (70122) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Marshall Islands | Astraea eniwetokensis (77985) Astraea sp. A (77986) Astraea sp. D (77991) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Dominican Republic | A. karlschmidti (58867 58869) | |
| Messinian | Fiji | Astraea sp. B, Astraea waluensis (78060) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Dominican Republic | A. sp. (75036) A. sublongispina (74971) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Trinidad and Tobago | Astraea brevispina (60414 60415 60416 60417) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (California) | A. arnoldi (206365) | |
| Zanclean | Dominican Republic | A. sp. (74964 74970) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Indonesia | Astraea petrosus (70079) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Jamaica | Astraea sublongispina, Astraea brevispina (58522 69093) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Venezuela | Astraea brevispina (131210 131217 131237) A. brevispina (79710) | |
| Piacenzian | Japan | A. rhodostoma (97077) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Astraea longispina (79336) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Panama | A. brevispina, A. tuberosum (80304) | |
| Middle Pleistocene (interglacial) | Bahamas | Astraea phoebia (80676) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Astraea phoebia (67069) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Bermuda | Astraea phoebia (67947 67960 67964) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | A. phoebium (96538) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Tonga | A. petrosum (96436 96437) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan | A. haematragum (97961) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | French Polynesia | A. confragosum (194003) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Australia (Western Australia) | A. pileolum (63320) A. rhodostomum (63356) A. squamiferum (96708) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Marshall Islands | Astraea sp. B (43336) | |
| Holocene | China | A. calcar (96351 96354) |