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Lentiarenium christolii
Taxonomy
Halitherium christolii was named by Fitzinger (1842) [Mus. Naturgesch. Vienna
]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Linz, which is in a Chattian open shallow subtidal sandstone in the Linzer Sanden Formation of Austria.
It was recombined as Manatus christolii by de Blainville (1844); it was recombined as Metaxytherium christolii by Laurillard (1846); it was corrected as Halitherium christoli by Zittel (1925) and Voss (2007); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Dugongidae by Voss (2014); it was misspelled as Halitherium christoli by Abel (1904), Spillman (1959), Domning (1994) and Domning (1996); it was recombined as Lentiarenium christolii by Voss et al. (2016).
It was recombined as Manatus christolii by de Blainville (1844); it was recombined as Metaxytherium christolii by Laurillard (1846); it was corrected as Halitherium christoli by Zittel (1925) and Voss (2007); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Dugongidae by Voss (2014); it was misspelled as Halitherium christoli by Abel (1904), Spillman (1959), Domning (1994) and Domning (1996); it was recombined as Lentiarenium christolii by Voss et al. (2016).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1842 | Halitherium christolii Fitzinger p. 71 |
| 1844 | Manatus christolii de Blainville |
| 1846 | Metaxytherium christolii Laurillard p. 172 |
| 1899 | Metaxytherium pergense Toula |
| 1904 | Halitherium christoli Abel p. 215 |
| 1904 | Metaxitherium pergense Trouessart p. 750 |
| 1925 | Halitherium christoli Zittel p. 265 |
| 1959 | Halitherium pergense Spillman p. 11 |
| 1959 | Halitherium christoli Spillman p. 17 |
| 1959 | Halitherium abeli Spillman p. 36 |
| 1994 | Halitherium christolii Domning p. 189 |
| 1996 | Halitherium christolii Domning p. 384 |
| 2007 | Halitherium christoli Voss p. 45 |
| 2016 | Lentiarenium christolii Voss et al. p. 6 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Lentiarenium christolii Fitzinger 1842
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Invalid names: Halitherium abeli Spillman 1959 [synonym], Metaxytherium pergense Toula 1899 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. Voss et al. 2016 | Dugongid based on the following combination of synapomorphies: absence of alisphenoid canal, open foramen ovale, loss of permanent fth premolar, and squamosal reaching temporal crest. Differs from the Dugonginae (Crenatosiren Domning, 1991, Nanosiren Domning & Aguilera, 2008, Dugong Lacépède, 1799, Rytiodus Lartet, 1866, Corystosiren Domning, 1990, Callistosiren Vélez-Juarbe & Domning, 2015, Bharatisiren Bajpai & Domning, 1997, Domningia Thewissen & Bajpai, 2009, Kutchisiren Bajpai, Domning, Das, Vélez-Juarbe & Mishra, 2010, Dioplotherium Cope, 1883 and Xenosiren Domning, 1989), the Hydrodamalinae Simpson, 1932 (Dusisiren Domning, 1978 and Hydrodamalis Retzius, 1794), and other dugongid genera (Eotheroides Palmer, 1899, Prototherium De Zigno, 1887, Eosiren Andrews, 1902, Caribosiren Reinhart, 1959, Priscosiren Vélez-Juarbe & Domning, 2014b, Metaxytherium De Christol, 1840, and other species formerly lumped under “Halitherium”) by displaying the following unique combination of plesiomorphies: frontal roof at; supraorbital process of the frontal dorsoventrally attened with well-developed, prominent posterolateral corner; supraoccipital wider dorsally than ventrally; exoccipitals meet in a suture dorsal to the foramen magnum; posttympanic process with a prominent anteroventral process for attachment of m. sternomastoideus; paroccipital process of exoccipital long, reaching as far ventrally as occipital condyles; accessory mental foramina present; horizontal ramus of mandible slender dorsoventrally; permanent premolars (P2/p2 – P4/p4) present. Synapomorphies: nasals reduced and not meeting in midline (shared with Eosiren imenti Domning et al., 1994, Caribosiren, Priscosiren, and all later dugongid taxa), nasal incisure at posterior end of the mesorostral fossa deep, extending posterior to the supraorbital processes of the frontals (shared with some Metaxytherium spp., dugongines, and Hydrodamalis); strongly concave ventral border of the horizontal mandibular ramus (shared with Priscosiren, Metaxytherium spp., and dugongines), masticating surface of mandible broad (shared with Metaxytherium ssp., dugongines, and hydrodamalines). In contrast to the similar species Priscosiren atlantica it has a supraorbital process with the posterolateral corner projecting posteriorly; prominent temporal crests on frontal and parietal; supraoccipital distinct in height, only slightly wider than high. |