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Chromista

Taxonomy
Chromista was named by Cavalier-Smith (1981).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Eukaryota by Blackwell (2004).

It was assigned to Protista by Kiessling (2003); and to Eukaryota by Ruggiero et al. (2015).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1981Chromista Cavalier-Smith
2003Chromista Kiessling
2015Chromista Ruggiero et al. p. 18

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomChromistaCavalier-Smith 1981
RankNameAuthor
kingdomChromistaCavalier-Smith 1981

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Chromista Cavalier-Smith 1981
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Unr. Rhizaria Adl et al. 2005
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Ph. Cercozoa Cavalier-Smith et al. 1998
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Cl. Thecofilosea Cavalier-Smith and Chao 2003
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Or. Ebriidea Honigsberg et al. 1964
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G. †Adonnadonna Gombos Jr. 1982
Fm. Ammodochiaceae Deflandre 1950
G. †Craniopsis Hovasse 1932
Fm. †Ditripodiidae Deflandre 1951
G. †Hermesinella Deflandre 1934
G. †Hermesinopsis Deflandre 1934
Fm. †Hermisinaceae Hovasse 1943
G. †Micromarsupium Deflandre 1934
G. †Podamphora Gemeinhardt 1931
G. †Triskelion Gombos Jr. 1982
Subcl. Phaeodaria Haeckel 1879
+
G. †Challengeron Murray 1879
Fm. †Porospathidae Borgert 1900
Ph. Foraminifera Eichwald 1830 [foram]
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G. †Abrardia
G. †Agerina Farinacci 1991
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†Agerina martana Farinacci 1991
G. †Alfredina
Subor. Allogromiina Loeblich and Tappan 1961
+
Fm. Allogromiidae Rhumbler 1904
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Subfm. Allogromiinae Rhumbler 1904
Subfm. †Myxothecinae
Fm. Lagynidae Schultze 1854
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G. Apogromia De Saedeleer 1934
G. Belaria De Saedeleer 1934
G. Boderia Wright 1867
G. Cystophrys Archer 1869
G. Diplophrys Barker 1868
G. Heterogromia De Saedeleer 1934
G. Kibisidytes Jepps 1934
G. Lagynis Schultze 1854
G. †Maylisoria Bykova 1961
G. Microcometes Cienkowski 1876
G. Myxotheca Schaudinn 1893
G. Ophiotuba Rhumbler 1894
G. Pilalla Rhumbler 1935
G. Plagiophrys Claparede and Lachmann 1859
G. Pseudoditrema Deflandre 1953
G. Rhumblerinella Schmidt 1929
G. Schultzella Rhumbler 1904
Invalid names: Lagynacea Schultze 1854 [empty]
G. †Almaena
G. †Alpillina
G. †Altistoma
+
G. †Flosculina Stache 1880
G. †Alzonella
G. †Amijiella
G. †Angotia
G. †Annulina Terquem 1862
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†Annulina metensis Terquem 1862
G. †Antalyna
G. †Archaelagena Howchin 1888
G. †Arenagula
G. †Aristospira Ehrenberg 1861
G. †Atwillina
G. †Auroria
G. †Avesnella
G. †Baelenia
G. †Balkhania
+
†Balkhania balkhanica Mamontova 1966
G. †Bandyella
G. †Banffella
G. †Barkerina
G. †Bibradya
G. Biloculina d'Orbigny 1826
G. †Biokovina
Superfm. †Biokovinacea Gusik 1977
+
Fm. †Charentiidae Loeblich and Tappan 1985
+
G. †Charentia
G. Peneroplis Montfort 1808
G. †Biorbis
G. †Biplanata
G. †Bitaxia
G. †Blastulospongia Pickett and Jell 1983
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†Blastulospongia mindyallica Bengtson 1986
†Blastulospongia monothalamos Pickett and Jell 1983
†Blastulospongia polytreta Conway Morris and Menge 1990
G. †Blowiella
G. †Boldia
G. †Bolkarina
G. †Borodinia
G. †Bosniella
G. †Bucella
G. †Bucherina
Superfm. †Buliminoidea Jones 1875
+
+
G. †Bitubulogerina Howe 1934
Subfm. †Bulimininae
G. Entosolenia Williamson 1848
G. Fijiella Loeblich and Tappan 1962
G. Globobulimina Cushman 1927
G. †Kolesnikovella Bykova et al. 1958
G. Praeglobobulimina Hofker 1951
Subfm. Reussiinae
G. Robertina d'Orbigny 1846
G. †Virgulina d'Orbigny 1826
Invalid names: Buliminellidae Hofker 1951 [empty], Pavoninidae Eimer and Fickert 1899 [empty]
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G. †Camerina Bruguiere 1792
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†Camerina pengaronensis Verbeek 1871
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†Pellatispira madaraszi Hantken 1876
G. †Caspiella
G. †Chenella Miklukho-Maklay 1959
G. †Chenia
G. †Chiloguembelitria Hofker 1978
Fm. Chilostomellidae Brady 1881
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G. Allomorphina Cžjžek 1849
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†Allomorphina conica Cushman and Todd 1949
†Allomorphina contraria Reuss 1851
Allomorphina pacifica Cushman and Todd 1949
†Allomorphina polonica Gawor-Biedowa 1992
†Allomorphina whangaia Finlay 1940
Subfm. Chilostomellinae Brady 1881
+
Subfm. Pallaimorphininae Loeblich and Tappan 1987
+
G. †Abyssamina Schnitker and Tjalsma 1980
G. Pullenia Parker and Jones 1862
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†Pullenia eocenica Cushman and Siegfus 1939
Subfm. †Seabrookiinae
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G. †Allomorphinella Cushman 1927
G. Seabrookia Brady 1890
G. Sphaeroidina d'Orbigny 1826
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†Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny 1826
Invalid names: Allomorphininae [empty], Sphaeroidininae Cushman 1927 [empty]
G. †Ciperozea
G. †Cocoarota
G. †Coleites
G. †Colomia
G. †Colomita
G. †Conilites
G. †Conorbina
G. †Corrosina
G. †Coskinon
G. †Coxites
G. †Cristellaria Lamarck 1816
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Subg. †Cristellaria (Astacolus) Bartenstein and Brand 1937
Subg. †Cristellaria (Lenticulina) Bartenstein and Brand 1937
Subg. Cristellaria (Marginulina) d'Orbigny 1826
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†Marginulina acosta Costa 1856
†Marginulina adunca Costa 1856
†Marginulina alazanensis Nuttall 1932
†Marginulina cushmani Hanna 1923
†Marginulina eximia Neugeboren 1851
†Marginulina glabra d'Orbigny 1826
†Marginulina hochstetteri Stache 1864
†Marginulina inconspicua Hussey 1949
†Marginulina munda Cushman 1938
†Marginulina subbullata Hantken 1875
†Cristellaria kemperi Hanna 1923
†Cristellaria rotulata Lamarck 1804
†Cristellaria saundersi Hanna and Hanna 1922
†Cristellaria subalata Reuss 1854
G. †Cubanina
G. †Cuburbita
G. †Cuneus
G. †Cyclogyra
G. †Cyclolina
G. †Dainella
G. †Dainita
G. †Darjella
G. †Daucina
G. †Demirina
G. †Dhrumella
G. †Digitina Crespin and Parr 1941
G. Discospira Mantell 1850
G. †Dizerina
G. †Dobrogelina Neagu 1979
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†Dobrogelina ovidi Neagu 1981
G. †Dohaia
G. †Drevennia
G. †Dukhania
G. †Dymia
G. †Eblanaia
G. †Eclusia
G. †Econgella
G. †Edhemia
G. †Eggerina
G. †Elenella
G. †Elergella
G. †Eolagena
G. †Euxinita
G. †Evlania
G. Exagonocyclina Checchia-Rispoli 1909
G. †Fabiania
G. †Favolagena Malumián et al. 1991
+
†Favolagena ardolinoi Malumián et al. 1991
†Favolagena atilai Bertels 1964
†Favolagena digitalis Heron-Allen and Earland 1932
G. Favulina Patterson and Richardson
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Favulina squamosa Montagu 1803
G. †Ferayina
G. †Finlayina
G. †Fleuryana Castro et al. 1994
G. †Florennella Conil 1979
G. †Foliotortus Senowbari-Daryan 1980
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†Foliotortus spinosus Senowbari-Daryan 1980
G. †Forschia
Subor. †Fusilinida Wedekind 1937
+
Invalid names: Fusiellidae Ektova 1984 [empty]
Subor. †Fusulinina Wedekind 1937
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Superfm. †Archaediscacea Cushman 1928
+
Fm. †Archaediscidae Cushman 1928
Fm. †Lasiodiscidae Reytlinger 1956
Fm. †Caligellidae Reytlinger 1959
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G. †Caligella
Superfm. †Colanielloidea Fursenko 1959
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Superfm. †Earlandiacea Cummings 1955
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Fm. †Earlandiidae Cummings 1955
Fm. †Pseudoammodiscidae Conil and Lys 1970
Fm. †Tuberitinidae Miklukho-Maklay 1958
Superfm. †Endothyroidea Brady 1884
+
Fm. †Bradyinidae Reytlinger 1950
Fm. †Endothyridae Brady 1884
Fm. †Loeblichiidae Cummings 1955
Superfm. †Fusulinoidea Möller 1878
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G. †Aljutovella Rauser-Chernousova 1951
Fm. †Aljutovellidae Solovieva 1996
G. †Alpinoschwagerina Bensh 1972
Fm. †Boultoniidae Skinner and Wilde 1954
G. †Citronites Solovieva 1996
Fm. †Eostaffellidae Mamet 1970
Fm. †Fusulinidae Moeller 1878
G. †Klamathina Skinner and Wilde 1965
G. †Likharevites Davydov 1987
G. †Nagatodarvasiella Wilde 2006
Fm. †Neoschwagerinidae Dunbar and Condra 1927
Fm. †Ozawainellidae Thompson and Foster 1937
Fm. †Paleofusulinidae Miklukho-Maclay 1963
G. †Paraleeina Leven 2004
G. †Parastaffelloides Reitlinger 1963
G. †Parawedekindellina Safonova 1951
G. †Parazellia Rauser-Chernousova 1960
Fm. †Polydiexodinidae Miklukho-Maklay 1953
Fm. †Profusulinellidae Solovieva 1996
Fm. †Pseudostaffellidae Putrya 1956
G. †Putrella
Fm. †Schubertellidae Skinner 1931
Fm. †Schwagerinidae Dunbar and Henbest 1930
Fm. †Staffellidae Miklukho-Maklay 1949
G. †Thompsonella Skinner and Wilde 1965
G. †Tumulotriticites Wilde 2006
G. †Ultradaixina Davydov 1982
Fm. †Verbeekinidae Staff and Wedekind 1910
G. †Wedekindellina Dunbar and Henbest 1933
+
Invalid names: Wedekindia Dunbar and Henbest 1931 [replaced]
G. †Wutuella
Superfm. Geinitzinacea Bozorgnia 1973
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Fm. Geinitzinidae Bozorgnia 1973
Fm. †Pachyphloiidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Superfm. †Nodosinellacea Rhumbler 1895
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Fm. †Earlandinitidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. †Nodosinellidae Rhumbler 1895
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Superfm. †Palaeotextularoidea Galloway 1933
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Fm. †Biseriamminidae Chernysheva 1941
Fm. †Palaeotextulariidae Galloway 1933
Superfm. †Parathuramminacea Bykova 1955
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Fm. †Archaesphaeridae Malakhova 1956
Fm. †Bisphaeridae Sabirov 1987
Fm. †Parathuramminidae Bykova 1955
Fm. †Paratikhinellidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
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Fm. †Pseudolituotubidae Conil and Longerstaey 1980
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G. †Pseudolituotuba Vdovenko 1971
Fm. †Ptychocladidae Elias 1950
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G. †Shuguria
Superfm. †Tetrataxoidea Galloway 1933
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Fm. †Abadehellidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. †Tetrataxidae Galloway 1933
Fm. †Valvulinellidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Superfm. †Tournayellacea Dain 1953
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Fm. †Palaeospiroplectamminidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. †Tournayellidae Dain 1953
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G. †Carbonella Dain 1953
G. †Septaglomospiranella Lipina 1955
Invalid names: Pseudotaxidae Mamet 1974 [empty]
G. †Gabonita
G. †Ganella
Superfm. †Geinitzinoidea
+
Fm. †Abriolinidae Zaninetti 1992
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G. †Abriolina Luperto 1963
G. †Geintzina
G. †Gigasbia
Superfm. Globigerinaceae Carpenter et al. 1862
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Fm. †Globotruncanidae Brotzen 1942
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G. †Archaeoglobigerina Pessagno 1967
G. †Dicarinella Porthault 1970
G. †Gansserina Bolli 1951
G. †Globotruncana Cushman 1927
G. †Globotruncanella Reiss 1957
Subfm. †Globotruncaninae Brotzen 1942
Fm. †Heterohelicidae Cushman 1927
+
Subfm. †Bolivinitinae
Subfm. †Heterohelicinae Cushman 1927
G. †Planoheterohelix Georgescu and Huber 2009
G. †Rectoguembelina Cushman 1932
Subfm. Spiroplectininae Cushman 1927
G. †Zeauvigerina Finlay 1939
Invalid names: Guembelininae [empty]
Fm. †Marginotruncanidae Pessagno 1967
+
G. †Whiteinella Pessagno 1967
Fm. †Planomalinidae Bolli et al. 1957
+
Subfm. †Loeblichellinae Pessagno 1967
Fm. †Shackoinidae Pokorny 1958
+
G. †Claviblowiella BouDagher-Fadel et al. 1997
G. †Shakonia Thalmann 1932
Invalid names: Abathomphalidae Pessagno 1967 [empty]
Subor. Globigerinina Delage and Herouard 1896
+
Fm. †Favusellidae Longoria 1974
+
G. †Favusella
+
G. †Pseudoschackoina Verga and Premoli Silva 2005
Superfm. †Rotaliporacea Sigal 1958
+
Fm. †Hedbergellidae Loeblich and Tappan 1961
Fm. †Rotaliporidae Sigal 1958
+
G. †Rotalipora Brotzen 1942
G. †Thalmanninella Sigal 1948
Invalid names: Rotaliporinae Sigal 1958 [empty]
Fm. †Truncorotaloididae Loeblich and Tappan 1961
+
G. †Morozovella McGowran 1968
G. †Morozovelloides Pearson and Berggren 2006
G. †Pearsonites Soldan et al. 2014
G. †Praemurica Olsson et al. 1992
Invalid names: Globoquadrinidae Blow 1979 [empty], Rugoglobigerinidae Subbotina 1959 [empty]
Superfm. Globigerinoidea Carpenter et al. 1862
+
Fm. Candeinidae Cushman 1927
+
G. Candeina d'Orbigny 1839
Fm. Globigerinidae Carpenter et al. 1862
+
G. Beella Banner and Blow 1960
G. †Biorbulina Blow 1956
G. †Catapsydrax Bolli et al. 1957
G. †Ciperoella Olsson et al. 2018
G. †Dentoglobigerina Blow 1979
G. †Eoglobigerina Morozova 1959
G. Globigerina d'Orbigny 1826
G. †Globigerinatella Cushman and Stainforth 1945
G. †Globigerinatheka Bermúdez 1949
G. Globigerinella Cushman 1927
+
Invalid names: Bolliella Banner and Blow 1959 [synonym]
Subfm. †Globigerininae
G. Globigerinoides Cushman 1927
G. †Globigerinoidesella El-Naggar 1971
G. †Globoquadrina Finlay 1947
G. Globorotaloides Bolli 1957
G. †Globoturborotalita Hofker 1976
G. †Guembelitrioides Bolli 1957
G. Orbulina d'Orbigny 1839
G. †Paragloborotalia Cifelli 1982
G. †Parasubbotina Olsson et al. 1992
G. †Praeorbulina Olsson 1964
G. Sphaeroidinella Cushman 1927
G. †Sphaeroidinellopsis Banner and Blow 1959
G. †Trilobatus Spezzaferri et al. 2015
G. Turborotalita Blow and Banner 1962
G. Zeaglobigerina Kennett and Srinivasan 1983
Invalid names: Candeininae Cushman 1927 [empty], Orbulininae [empty], Pulleniatininae Cushman 1927 [empty], Sphaeroidinellinae Banner and Blow 1959 [empty]
Fm. Globigerinitidae Bermudez 1961
+
G. Globigerinita Bronnimann 1951
Subfm. Globigerinitinae Bermúdez 1961
G. †Mutabella Pearson et al. 2001
G. †Praetenuitella Qianyu 1987
G. Tenuitella Fleisher 1974
G. Tenuitellinata Li et al. 1988
Fm. †Globorotaliidae Cushman 1927
+
G. †Acarinina Subbotina 1953
G. †Clavatorella Blow 1965
G. †Fohsella Bandy 1972
G. Globoconella Bandy 1975
G. Globorotalia Cushman 1927
G. Hastigerina Murray 1876
G. Menardella Bandy 1972
G. Neogloboquadrina Bandy et al. 1967
G. Pulleniatina Cushman 1927
G. †Rotundina Subbotina 1953
Invalid names: Globorotaliinae Cushman 1927 [empty]
G. †Globigerinopsis Bolli 1962
G. †Globispiroplectammina Vachard 1977
G. †Globispiroplectamminha Vachard 1977
Superfm. Globorotaliacea Cushman 1927
+
Fm. Eoglobigerinidae Blow 1979
+
G. †Parvularugoglobigerina Hofker 1978
Cl. Globothalamea Pawlowski et al. 2013
+
Or. Loftusiida Kaminski and Mikhalevich 2000
+
Superfm. †Loftusoidea Brady 1884
Fm. Textulariellidae Gronhagen and Luterbacher 1966
Invalid names: Ataxophragmioidea Schwager 1877 [empty], Coskinolinidae Moullade 1965 [empty]
Subcl. †Rotaliana Sirel 1999
+
Superfm. †Orbitoidoidea Sirel 1999
Or. †Rotaliida Delage and Herouard 1896
+
Superfm. Asterigerinoidea d'Orbigny 1839
Superfm. Cassidulinoidea d'Orbigny 1839
Superfm. Chilostomelloidea Brady 1881
Superfm. Discorbinelloidea Sigal 1952
Superfm. Discorboidea Ehrenberg 1838
Fm. Elphdiidae Galloway 1933
Fm. †Eouvigerinidae Cushman 1927
Superfm. Glabratelloidea Loeblich and Tappan 1964
Superfm. Loxostomatoidea Loeblich and Tappan 1962
Fm. †Miogypsinidae Vaughan 1928
Superfm. †Nonionacea Schultze 1854
Superfm. †Nonionoidea Schultze 1854
Superfm. †Planorbulinoidea Schwager 1877
G. †Protosangularia Kaiho 1998
Fm. Stainforthiidae Reiss 1963
Invalid names: Acervulinoidea Schultze 1854 [empty], Calcarinoidea Schwager 1876 [empty]
Invalid names: Textulariana Mikhalevich 1980 [empty]
G. †Gorisella
G. †Graecodiscus Vachard et al. 1993
G. †Grillita
+
G. †Cassigerinelloita Stolk 1965
+
+
†Guembelitria cretacea Cushman 1933
†Guembelitria dammula Voloshina 1961
†Guembelitria harrisi Tappan 1940
†Guembelitria oveyi Ansary 1955
†Guembelitria stavensis Bandy 1948
G. †Jenkinsina Haynes 1981
+
†Jenkinsina columbiana Howe 1939
G. †Sigalia
Superfm. †Guembelitrioidea Montanaro Gallitelli 1957
+
Fm. †Cassigerinellidae Bolli et al. 1957
+
G. †Cassigerinella Pokorny 1955
G. †Gunteria
G. †Gyrodina
G. †Haerella
G. Haghimashella Neagu and Neagu 1995
+
†Haghimashella arcuata Haeusler 1890
G. †Halenia
+
G. †Hantkenina Cushman 1924
+
†Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman 1927
†Hantkenina dumblei Weinzierl and Applin 1929
†Hantkenina mccordi Howe and Wallace 1932
†Hantkenina multispinata Cushman and Wickenden 1930
G. Mimosina Millett 1900
G. †Trimosina Cushman 1927
+
†Trimosina milletti Cushman 1927
G. †Haoella
G. †Haplostiche Reuss 1861
+
†Hellenocyclina beotica Reichel 1949
G. †Hensonia
G. †Hensonina
G. †Hidaella
G. †Hidina
G. †Hofkerina
G. †Hofkeruva
G. †Holkeria
G. †Hyderia
G. †Igorina Davidzon 1976
G. †Illigata
Subor. †Involutinina Bütschli 1880
+
Fm. †Involutinidae Bütschli 1880
+
G. †Angulodiscus Kristan 1957
G. †Auloconus Piller 1978
G. †Aulotortus Weynschenk 1956
Subfm. †Parvalamellinae Rigaud et al. 2012
G. †Tethysocarnia Senowbari-Daryan et al. 2001
G. †Triasina
Subfm. †Triasininae Loeblich and Tappan 1986
Fm. Planispirillinidae Pillier 1978
+
G. Mychostomina Berthelin 1881
G. Planispirillinina Bermudez 1952
Fm. †Trocholinidae Kristan-Tollmann 1963
+
Subfm. †Lamelliconinae Zaninetti 1987
G. †Trocholina Paalzow 1922
G. †Trochonella Kristan 1957
G. †Involvina
G. †Iowanella
G. †Iraqia
G. †Ismailia
G. †Iuliusina
G. †Ivdelina
G. †Janischewskina Mikhaylov 1935
G. †Jurella
G. †Kaptarenkoella Antonova and Kasimova 1985
G. †Kilianina
G. †Klubovella Lebedeva 1956
G. †Kuglerina
G. †Kyphopyxa
G. †Labalina Azbel 1988
+
†Labalina occulta Antonova 1958
G. †Ladoronia
G. †Laeterohelix Keller 2002
G. †Laeviheterohelix Nederbragt 1991
Subor. Lagenina Delage and Herouard 1896
+
Fm. †Frondinidae Gaillot and Vachard 2007
+
G. †Ichthyofrondina Vachard 1991
Fm. †Ichthyolariidae Loeblich and Tappan 1986
+
G. †Frondiculinita Gerke 1961
G. †Gerkeina
G. †Grillina
+
G. †Protonodosaria Gerke 1959
G. †Langella Sellier de Civrieux and Dessauvagie 1965
+
†Langella ocarina Sellier de Civrieux and Dessauvagie 1965
†Langella perforata Sellier de Civrieux and Dessauvagie 1965
Fm. †Protonodosariidae Mamet and Pinard 1992
+
G. †Frondina
G. †Pseudolangella Sellier de Civrieux and Dessauvagie 1965
+
†Pseudolangella fragilis Sellier de Civrieux and Dessauvagie 1965
Superfm. †Robuloidacea Reiss 1963
+
Fm. †Partisaniidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. †Robuloididae Reiss 1963
Fm. †Syzraniidae Vachard 1981
G. †Linaresia
G. Lingulinopsis Reuss 1860
G. †Lippsina
Or. Lituolida Lankester 1885
+
Subor. Lituolina Lankester 1885
+
Superfm. Recurvoidoidea Alekseychik-Mitskevich 1973
Superfm. Lituoloidea Blainville 1827
+
Fm. Haplophragmoididae Maync 1952
Fm. Lituolidae de Blainville 1825
Fm. †Rzehakinidae Cushman 1923
+
G. Ammoflintina Earland 1934
G. Birsteiniolla Mayer 1974
G. Miliammina Heron Allen and Earland
G. †Rothina
G. †Rzehakina Cushman 1927
G. Spirolocammina Earland 1934
G. Trilocularena Loeblich and Tappan 1955
Subor. Verneuilinina Kaminski 2004
+
Superfm. †Verneuilinoidea Cushman 1911
Invalid names: Spiroplectamminoidea Cushman 1927 [empty]
G. †Lugtonia Cummings 1955
G. †Lycophris Montfort 1808
G. †Lysella
G. †Mandjina
G. †Manorella
G. †Marginara
G. †Marieita
G. †Matanzia
G. †Mccloudia
G. †Mediopsis
G. †Medipsia
G. †Medocia
+
†Melathrokerion valserinensis Broennimann and Conrad 1967
G. †Melatolla
G. †Miniuva
G. †Minouxia
G. †Mirifica
Cl. Monothalamea Pawlowski et al. 2013
+
Or. Astrorhizida Lankester 1885
+
Subor. Astrorhizina Lankester 1885
Superfm. Xenophyophoroidea Tendal 1972
+
Fm. Syringamminidae Tendal 1972
G. †Mstinia
G. †Narayania
G. †Navarella
G. †Neodiscus
+
†Neodiscus padangensis Lange 1925
G. †Neoiraqia
Fm. †Neusinidae
+
G. †Neusina Goës 1892
G. †Ninella
Cl. Nodosariata Mikhalevich 1993
+
Subor. Hormosinina Haeckel 1894
+
Superfm. Hormosinelloidea Rauzer-Chernousova and Reytlinger 1986
Or. Nodosariida Calkins 1933
+
Superfm. Nodosarioidea Ehrenberg 1838
Superfm. †Stilostomelloidea Finlay 1947
Or. Polymorphinida Mikhalevich 1980
+
Superfm. †Pleurostomelloidea Reuss 1860
Fm. Polymorphinidae d'Orbigny 1839
Subor. Polymorphinina Mikhalevich 1980
Or. Robertinida Loeblich and Tappan 1984
+
Superfm. Ceratobuliminoidea Cushman 1927
Subor. Robertinina Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Invalid names: Duostominoidea Brotzen 1963 [empty]
Or. Vaginulinida Mikhalevich 1993
+
Fm. Lagenidae Reuss 1862
Fm. †Vaginulinidae Reuss 1860
G. †Norcottia
G. †Novalesia
G. †Novella
G. †Nuttallus
G. Obandyella Haman et al. 1980
G. †Obliquina
G. †Oketaella
+
†Oketaella campensis Thompson 1954
†Oketaella cheneyi Thompson 1954
†Oketaella fryei Thompson 1951
†Oketaella waldripensis Thompson 1954
G. †Olssonina
G. †Oolitella
G. †Opertum
G. †Ophthalmidium Kübler and Zwingli 1870
+
†Ophthalmidium carinatum Pazdrowa 1958
†Ophthalmidium caucasicum Antonova 1958
†Ophthalmidium obscurum Ivanova and Danitch 1971
†Ophthalmidium terquemi Pazdrowa 1958
G. †Orbignyna
G. †Orbitammina Berthelin 1893
+
†Orbitammina elliptica d'Archiac 1843
G. †Orientina
G. †Orietalia
G. †Ozourina
G. †Palaeonubecularia Reitlinger 1950
G. †Parkeria Carpenter 1870
G. †Parphia
G. Patellina Williamson 1858
+
†Patellina bradyana Howchin 1888
†Patellina gigantea Todd 1970
†Patellina turriculata Dieni and Massari 1966
G. †Paulina
G. †Pealerina
G. †Pernerina
G. †Piallina
+
†Piallina bronnimanni Martini 1995
†Piallina tethydis Rettori and Zaninetti 1993
G. †Picounina
G. †Pijpersia
G. †Pinaria
G. †Pityusina
G. †Planisepta Septfontaine 1986
+
†Planomalina caseyi Bolli et al. 1957
†Planomalina yaucoensis Pessagno 1960
G. †Plecanium
G. †Plectomillerella Brazhnikova and Vdovenko 1983
G. †Pohlia
G. †Polytaxis
G. †Popovia
G. †Portatrochammina Echols 1971
G. †Pravoslavlevia Putrya 1970
+
†Protopeneroplis striata Weynschenck 1950
+
†Pseudoglandulina ovata Cushman and Applin 1926
G. †Pseudogloboquadrina Jenkins 1965
G. †Pseudohastigerina Banner and Blow 1959
+
†Pseudohastigerina sharkriverensis Berggren et al. 1967
G. Pseudoparrella Cushman and Ten Dam 1948
+
Invalid names: Pulvinulinella Cushman 1926 [synonym]
G. Pygmaeoseistron Patterson and Richardson 1988
G. †Pylodexia Ehrenberg 1858
G. †Pyrenina
G. †Qataria
G. †Rauserina
G. †Reedella
G. †Reissella
Fm. †Reophacidae Cushman
+
Subfm. †Aschemonellinae
+
G. †Resigia
G. †Rhapidionina Stache 1913
G. †Rhodonascia Deak 1964
+
†Rhodonascia bontei Deak 1964
G. †Rimalina
G. †Roglicia
Subor. Rotaliina Delage and Herouard 1896
+
Superfm. Acervulinacea Schultze 1854
+
Fm. Homotrematidae Cushman 1927
Superfm. Annulopatellinacea Loeblich and Tappan 1964
+
Fm. Annulopatellinidae Loeblich and Tappan 1964
Superfm. Asterigerinacea d'Orbigny 1839
+
Fm. Amphisteginidae Cushman 1927
Fm. Asterigerinidae d'Orbigny 1839
Fm. Epistomariidae Cushman 1927
G. †Aubignyna Margerel 1989
+
Aubignyna mariei Margerel 1989
Superfm. Bolivinitacea Cushman 1927
+
Fm. Bolivinitidae Cushman 1927
Superfm. Buliminacea Jones 1875
+
Fm. †Bolvinitidae Cushman 1927
Fm. Reusselidae Cushman 1933
Fm. Siphogenerinoididae Saidova 1981
Fm. †Uvigerinidae Haeckel 1894
G. Cassidulina Redmond 1953
Superfm. Cassidulinacea d'Orbigny 1839
+
Fm. †Caucasinidae Bykova 1959
+
G. Cassidulina d'Orbigny 1826
Subfm. Cassidulininae d'Orbigny 1839
Subfm. Ehrenbergininae Cushman 1927
G. Globocassidulina Voloshinova 1960
G. Paracassidulina Nomura 1983
G. †Caucasina
+
Caucasina elongata d'Orbigny 1846
Superfm. Chilostomellacea Brady 1881
+
Fm. Heterolepidae Gonzales-Donoso 1969
G. Coryphostoma Cushman 1936
+
Coryphostoma digitalis d'Orbigny 1846
Coryphostoma sinuosa Cushman 1936
Superfm. Delosinacea Parr 1950
+
Fm. Delosinidae Parr 1950
Superfm. †Discorbacea Ehrenberg 1838
+
Fm. Bagginidae Cushman 1927
Fm. Eponididae Hofker 1951
Fm. Rotaliellidae Loeblich and Tappan 1964
Superfm. Discorbinellacea Sigal 1952
+
Fm. Discorbinellidae Sigal 1952
G. †Discorbitura Margerel 1968
+
Superfm. Eouvigerinacea Cushman 1927
+
Fm. Bolivinidae Glaessner 1937
Superfm. Fursenkoinacea Loeblich and Tappan 1961
+
Fm. Fursenkoinidae Loeblich and Tappan 1961
Superfm. Glabratellacea Loeblich and Tappan 1964
+
Fm. Buliminoididae Seiglie 1970
Fm. †Globorotalitidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
+
G. †Globorotalites Brotzen 1942
+
G. Cassidulinoides Cushman 1927
Fm. †Lepitorbitoididae Vaughan 1933
+
G. †Daviesina
Fm. †Mississippinidae Saidova 1981
+
Subfm. †Stomatorbininae Saidova 1981
Superfm. Nodosariacea Ehrenberg 1838
+
Fm. Ellipsolagenidae Silvestri 1923
Fm. Glandulinidae Reuss 1860
Superfm. Nummulitacea Blainville 1827
+
Fm. †Discocyclinidae Galloway 1928
Fm. Nummulitidae Blainville 1827
Superfm. Orbitoidacea Schwager 1876
+
Fm. †Lepidocyclinidae Scheffen 1932
Fm. †Lepidorbitoididae Vaughan 1933
Fm. †Orbitoididae Schwager 1876
Fm. Osangulariidae Loeblich and Tappan 1964
+
G. †Sliterella Kaiho 1998
G. Pappina Cushman 1925
+
Pappina bononiensis Cushman 1925
Superfm. Planorbulinacea Schwager 1877
+
Fm. Cymbaloporidae Cushman 1927
Fm. Planorbulinidae Schwager 1877
Fm. Planulidae Bermudez 1952
Invalid names: Planulinidae Bermudez 1952 [empty], Victoriellidae Chapman and Crespin 1930 [empty]
Fm. Pleurostomellidae Reuss 1860
+
Superfm. Rotaliacea Ehrenberg 1839
+
Fm. Calcarinidae d'Orbigny 1826
Fm. †Pellatispiridae Hanzawa 1937
Fm. Rotaliidae Ehrenberg 1839
Fm. Siphoninidae Cushman 1927
+
G. Siphonina Reuss 1850
Subfm. Siphoninoidinae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
G. †Spiroloxostoma Conato 1964
+
Superfm. Turrilinacea Cushman 1927
+
Fm. Turrilinidae Cushman 1927
Invalid names: Bolivinacea Glaessner 1937 [empty], Carterinacea Loeblich and Tappan 1955 [empty], Hedbergellacea Loeblich and Tappan 1961 [empty], Reussellidae Cushman 1933 [empty], Siphoninacea Cushman 1927 [empty], Spirillinacea Reuss 1862 [empty]
Superfm. †Rotalioidea Ehrenberg 1839
+
Fm. Ammoniidae Saidova 1981
+
G. Pseudorotalia Reiss and Merling 1958
Fm. Elphidiellidae Holzmann and Pawlowski 2017
+
G. Elphidiella Cushman 1936
Fm. †Elphidiidae Galloway 1933
+
G. †Bangiana Drobne et al. 2007
G. †Cellanthus Montfort 1808
Subfm. Elphidiinae Galloway 1933
Subfm. †Faujasininae Bermúdez 1952
Fm. Haynesinidae Mikhalevich 2013
+
G. Haynesina Banner and Culver 1978
Fm. Notorotaliidae Hornibrook 1961
+
G. †Discorotalia Hornibrook 1961
Invalid names: Orbulinidae Galloway 1933 [empty]
G. †Ruatoria
+
†Rugososchwagerina zagroensis Davydov and Arefifard 2013
G. †Ryadhella
G. †Sabulina
G. †Sakesaria
G. †Sakhiella
G. †Sanderella Redmond 1964
G. †Saraswati
G. †Satorina
+
†Schackoina cenomana Shacko 1897
G. †Schmidita
+
Semivalvulina deperdita d'Orbigny 1846
G. †Serovaina
G. †Shastrina
G. †Sieberina
+
G. †Problematina Bornemann 1874
G. †Silicina Bornemann 1874
+
†Silicina epigona Rzehak 1895
G. †Silicobathysiphon Myatlyuk 1966
+
†Siphovalvulina variabilis Septfontaine 1988
G. †Sitella
G. †Sivasella
G. †Smoutina
G. †Soriella
G. †Sornayina
+
†Spiraloconulus giganteus Cherchi and Schroeder 1982
Subor. Spirillinina Hohenegger and Piller 1975
+
Fm. Spirillinidae Reuss and Fritsch 1861
+
G. †Conicospirillina Cushman 1927
Subfm. †Neotrocholininae Rigaud et al. 2018
G. †Praepatellina Blau 1987
G. Spirillina Reuss 1862
G. Turrispirillina Cushman 1927
G. †Spirocyclina Bonte 1941
+
†Spirocyclina casterasi Bonte 1941
Fm. †Spiroplectamminidae Cushman 1927
+
G. Spiroplectammina Cushman 1927
+
†Spiroplectammina biformis Parker and Jones 1876
†Spiroplectammina carinata d'Orbigny 1846
†Spiroplectammina eocenica Cushman and Barksdle 1930
†Spiroplectammina laevis Roemer 1841
G. Spiroplectella Earland 1934
G. Spiroplectinella Kisel'man 1972
G. Spirotextularia Cushman 1927
G. †Stedumia
G. †Sublamarckella Antonova 1958
G. †Suggrunda
G. †Tayamaia
G. †Tewoella
Or. †Textulariida Delage and Hérouard 1896
+
Fm. †Montsaleviidae Zaninetti et al. 1987
+
G. †Montsalevia Zaninetti et al. 1987
Subor. Textulariina Delage and Hérouard 1896
+
Superfm. Ammodiscoidea Reuss 1862
+
Fm. †Ammodiscidae Reuss 1862
Fm. Saccamminidae Brady 1884
Superfm. Astrorhizacea Brady 1881
+
Fm. Bathysiphonidae Avnimelech 1952
Fm. Diffusilinidae Loeblich and Tappan 1961
Fm. Dryorhizopsidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. Hemisphaeramminidae Loeblich and Tappan 1961
Fm. Hippocrepinellidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. Polysaccamminidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. Psammosphaeridae Haeckel 1894
Fm. Rhabdamminidae Brady 1884
Fm. Rhizamminidae Wiesner 1895
Fm. Schizamminidae Norvang 1961
Fm. †Silicotubidae Vyalov 1968
Fm. Astrorhizidae Brady 1881
+
Subfm. Astrorhizinae Brady 1881
G. Hippocrepina Parker in Dawson 1870
Subfm. Vanhoeffenellinae Saidova 1981
Superfm. Ataxophragmiacea Schwager 1877
+
Fm. Globotextulariidae Cushman 1927
Superfm. †Chrysalidinoidea Neagu 1968
+
Fm. †Paravalvulinidae Banner et al.
Superfm. †Coscinophragmatacea Thalmann 1951
+
Fm. †Loftusiidae Brady 1884
+
G. †Alpinophragmium Flügel 1967
Fm. †Cuneolinidae Saidova 1981
+
Subfm. †Cuneolininae Saidova 1981
Subfm. †Sabaudiinae Bronnimann et al. 1993
Fm. †Dictyopsellidae Brönnimann et al. 1983
+
+
G. †Dicyclina
Superfm. Hippocrepinacea Rhumbler 1895
+
Fm. †Hyperamminoididae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. Notodendrodidae De Laca et al. 1980
Fm. †Hippocrepinidae Rhumbler 1895
+
Subfm. Hippocrepininae Rhumbler 1895
Subfm. Hyperammininae Eimer and Fickert 1899
Subfm. †Jaculellinae Mikhalevich 1995
Superfm. Hormosinacea Haeckel 1894
+
Fm. Aschemocellidae Vyalov 1966
Fm. †Cribratinidae Loeblich and Tappan 1964
Fm. Dusenburyinidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. Hormosinidae Haeckel 1894
Fm. Telamminidae Loeblich and Tappan 1985
Fm. Thomasinellidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Superfm. Hyperamminacea Eimer and Fickert 1899
+
Fm. Hyperamminidae Eimer and Fickert 1899
Superfm. Komokiacea Tendal and Hessler 1977
+
Fm. Baculellidae Tendal and Hessler 1977
Fm. Komokiidae Tendal and Hessler 1977
Superfm. Lituolacea Lamarck 1809
+
Fm. Ammosphaeroidinidae Cushman 1927
Fm. Ataxophragmiidae Schwager 1877
Fm. Discamminidae Mikhalevich 1980
G. †Flatschkofelia Rettori et al. 1996
Fm. Haplophragmoiidae Maynx 1952
Fm. †Hauraniidae Septfontaine 1988
Fm. †Lituotubidae Loeblich and Tappan 1984
Fm. †Mayncinidae Loeblich and Tappan 1985
Fm. †Nautiloculinidae Loeblich and Tappan 1985
Fm. †Oxinoxisidae Vyalov 1968
Fm. Placopsilinidae Rhumbler 1913
Fm. Sphaeramminidae Cushman 1933
Superfm. Loftusiacea Brady 1884
+
Fm. Cyclamminidae Marie 1941
Fm. †Hottingeritidae Loeblich and Tappan 1985
Fm. †Mesoendothyridae Voloshinova 1958
Fm. †Nezzazatidae Hamaoui and Saint-Marc 1970
+
G. †Nezzazata
G. †Nezzazatinella Darmoian 1976
Invalid names: Nezzazatinae Hamaoui and Sant-Marc 1970 [empty]
Fm. Olgiidae Mikhalevich 2011
+
G. Olgita Mikhalevich 2011
Superfm. †Orbitolinacea Martin 1890
+
Fm. †Orbitolinidae Martin 1890
Fm. †Orbitopsellidae Hottinger and Caus 1982
+
Fm. †Prolixoplectidae Loeblich and Tappan 1985
+
G. †Kadriayina Al-Najdi 1975
G. †Karrerulina Finlay 1940
G. †Plectina
G. †Protomarssonella Desai and Banner 1987
Fm. Pseudogaudryinidae Loeblich and Tappan 1985
+
Subfm. Pseudogaudryininae Loeblich and Tappan 1985
Subfm. Siphoniferoidinae Loeblich and Tappan 1985
G. Semivulvulina d'Orbigny 1846
+
Semivulvulina deperdita d'Orbigny 1846
Superfm. Textulariacea Ehrenberg 1839
+
Fm. †Valvulamminidae Loeblich and Tappan 1986
Fm. Valvulinidae Reuss 1860
Textulariina articulata d'Orbigny 1846
Fm. †Tritaxiidae Plotnikova 1979
+
G. †Tritaxia
Superfm. Trochamminacea Schwager 1877
+
Fm. †Adercotrynidae Bronimann and Whittaker 1988
Fm. †Conotrochamminidae Saidova 1981
Fm. Trochamminidae Schwager 1877
Superfm. Verneuilinacea Cushman 1911
+
Fm. †Pfenderinidae Smout and Sugden 1962
Fm. †Plectorecurvoididae Loeblich and Tappan 1964
Fm. †Pseudobolivinidae Wiesner 1931
Invalid names: Atotaxophragmiacea Schwager 1877 [empty], Rzehakinacea Cushman 1923 [empty]
G. †Ticinella
G. †Timanella Reytlinger 1981
G. †Tobolia
G. †Torreina
+
†Torremiroella hispanica Brun and Canerot 1979
+
†Triadodiscus eomesozoicus Oberhauser 1957
G. Trichohyalus Loeblich and Tappan 1953
Cl. Tubothalamea Pawlowski et al. 2013
+
Or. Miliolida Lankester 1885
+
Subor. Miliolina Delage and Hérouard 1896
Superfm. Milioloidea Ehrenberg 1839
Invalid names: Miliamminidae Saidova 1981 [empty]
Or. Spirillinida Hohenegger and Piller 1975
+
Fm. Patellinidae Rhumbler 1906
G. †Tethysiella Blau and Haas 1991
G. †Urbanella
G. †Urgonina
G. †Uslonia
G. †Uviella
G. †Valserina
G. †Valvuliana Li et al. 1999
G. †Vania
G. †Vasicekia
G. †Vellaena
+
†Ventilabrella carseyae Plummer 1931
†Ventilabrella decoratissima de Klasz 1953
†Ventilabrella eggeri Cushman 1938
G. †Verispira Palmieri 1988
G. †Vernonina
G. †Vervilleina Groves 1999
G. †Vialovia
G. †Viseina
G. †Wadella
G. †Wilfordia
G. †Woodella
G. †Yneziella
G. †Zarodella
G. †Ziguiella
Invalid names: Ceratobuliminacea Cushman 1927 [empty], Dariopsidae Malakhova 1975 [empty], Gypsinidae Silvestri 1905 [empty], Haplophragmiina Wedehind 1937 [empty], Lagenida Delage and Hérouard 1896 [empty], Monothalamida Loeblich and Tappan 1961 [synonym], Ophtalmiidae [empty], Rupertiidae Cushman 1927 [empty], Textulariia Mikhalevich 1980 [empty], Textulariopsidae Loeblich and Tappan 1982 [empty], Turborotalitidae Hofker 1976 [empty]
G. Gromia Dujardin 1835
Invalid names: Haplosporidia [empty], Radiozoa Cavalier‐Smith 1987 [empty], Retaria Cavalier-Smith 1999 [empty]
Invalid names: Hacrobia [empty], Harosa [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ediacaran to the top of the Holocene or 635.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 541.0 Ma

Collections (10025 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ediacaran635.0 - 541.0Russian Federation (Tomsk) Spirosolenites sp., Platysolenites sp. (99183 99184)
Manykaian538.8 - 529.0Norway Platysolenites sp., Platysolenites antiquissimus (51873)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) Platysolenites antiquissimus (233165)
Nemakit-Daldynian538.8 - 525.5Poland Platysolenites antiquissimus (72260)
Terreneuvian538.8 - 521.0Estonia Platysolenites antiquissimus, Yanichevskyites petropolitanus (236570)
Begadean538.8 - 520.0USA (California) Platysolenites antiquissimus (227037)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 509.0Senegal Glomospira sp., Ammodiscus sp. (97595)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Leningrad oblast) Platysolenites antiquissimus (235434)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation Platysolenites antiquissimus (235443)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Platysolenites antiquissimus (87110) Platysolenites antiqussimus (87322)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) Platysolenites antiquissimus (233166 233194 233198) Platysolenites sp. (232906)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Norway Platysolenites sp., Platysolenites antiquissimus (51874)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Sakha) Blastulospongia sp., Platysolenites antiquissimus (233167)
Tommotian525.5 - 521.0Russian Federation (Leningrad region) Platysolenites antiquissimus (235435)
Tommotian - Atdabanian525.5 - 516.0Guinea Turritellella sp., Glomospira sp., Tolypammina sp., Sorosphaera sp., Hemisphaerammina sp. (7790)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Estonia Platysolenites indet. (10015)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China Blastulospongia polytreta (7908)
Branchian517.1 - 509.0United Kingdom (England) Platysolenites antiquissimus (79928)
Lenian - Solvan516.0 - 504.5USA (Virginia) Foraminifera indet. (24039)
Dyeran515.3 - 511.2Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) Foraminifera indet. (9894)