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Taxonomy
Mactracea was named by Lamarck (1809) [m. kosnik taxon no: 6095]. It is extant.
It was corrected as Mactroidea by Ward (1992), Coan et al. (2000), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Rosenberg et al. (2006), Nevesskaja (2009), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Teleodesmacea by Glenn (1904) and Olsson (1931); to Veneroida by Vokes (1980), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Squires (1987), Saul (1989), Ward (1992), Coan et al. (2000), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Rosenberg et al. (2006) and Nevesskaja (2009); to Venerida by Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Veneroitei by Carter et al. (2011).
It was corrected as Mactroidea by Ward (1992), Coan et al. (2000), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Rosenberg et al. (2006), Nevesskaja (2009), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Teleodesmacea by Glenn (1904) and Olsson (1931); to Veneroida by Vokes (1980), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Squires (1987), Saul (1989), Ward (1992), Coan et al. (2000), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Rosenberg et al. (2006) and Nevesskaja (2009); to Venerida by Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Veneroitei by Carter et al. (2011).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1809 | Mactracea Lamarck |
| 1904 | Mactracea Glenn p. 284 |
| 1931 | Mactracea Olsson p. 66 |
| 1980 | Mactracea Vokes p. 134 |
| 1983 | Mactracea Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 98 |
| 1987 | Mactracea Squires p. 67 |
| 1987 | Mactracea Ward and Blackwelder p. 130 |
| 1989 | Mactracea Saul p. 198 |
| 1992 | Mactroidea Ward p. 93 |
| 2000 | Mactroidea Coan et al. p. 259 |
| 2006 | Mactroidea Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 233 |
| 2006 | Mactroidea Rosenberg et al. |
| 2009 | Mactroidea Nevesskaja |
| 2010 | Mactroidea Bouchet et al. |
| 2011 | Mactroidea Carter et al. p. 16 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Mactroidea Lamarck 1809
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Fm. Anatinellidae Deshayes 1853
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Subfm. Kymatoxinae Stenzel and Krause 1957
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G. Anatina Schumacher 1817
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†Anatina amici Stoppani 1865
Anatina anatina Spengler 1802
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Invalid names: Anatina pellucida Schumacher 1817 [synonym], Lutraria lineata Say 1822 [synonym], Mactra recurva Wood 1828 [synonym]
†Anatina arcuata Forbes 1846
†Anatina arista Stoppani 1865
†Anatina austinensis Shattuck 1903
†Anatina baldassari Stoppani 1865
†Anatina claibornensis Lea 1833
†Anatina gladius Laube 1865
†Anatina lata Gabb 1864
†Anatina millepunctata Vogel 1895
†Anatina parvula Thurmann and Etallon 1862
†Anatina passeri Stoppani 1865
†Anatina praecursor Oppel 1858
†Anatina putatoria White 1887
†Anatina roseburgensis Hendon 1938
†Anatina suessi Oppel 1858
†Anatina zannoni Stoppani 1865
G. †Kymatox Stenzel et al. 1957
G. Raeta Gray 1853
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Subg. Raeta (Raeta) Gray 1853
Subg. †Raeta (Raetella) Dall 1898
†Raeta gabbi Pilsbry and Johnson 1917
†Raeta gardnerae Spieker 1922
†Raeta gibbosa Gabb 1870
†Raeta hasletti Anderson 1929
†Raeta transmontana Conrad 1856
†Raeta undulata Gould 1851
Invalid names: Pteropsellinae Keen 1969 [synonym]
Fm. Mactridae Lamarck 1809
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G. Hemimactra Swainson 1840
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†Spisula (Hemimactra) confraga Conrad 1833
†Spisula (Hemimactra) harrisi Olsson 1914
Spisula (Hemimactra) hemphillii Dall 1894
†Spisula (Hemimactra) selbyensis Packard 1916
†Spisula (Hemimactra) sookensis Clark and Arnold 1923
†Spisula (Hemimactra) subparilis Conrad 1841
G. †Leptomactra Ward 1992
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†Leptomactra curtidens Dall 1898
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Invalid names: Spisula (Hemimactra) chesapeakensis Glenn 1904 [synonym]
†Leptomactra delumbis Conrad 1832
†Leptomactra marylandica Dall 1898
†Leptomactra valhosierr Gardner 1947
G. Longimactra Finlay 1928
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Longimactra elongata Quoy and Gaimard 1834
†Longimactra flemingi Marwick 1960
Subfm. Lutrariinae Adams and Adams 1856
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G. †Heterocardia Deshayes 1855
G. Lutraria Lamarck 1799
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Subg. Lutraria (Cryptodon) Turton 1822
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Cryptodon ferruginosum Forbes 1843
†Cryptodon mactraeformis Tate 1887
Cryptodon sinuosum Donovan 1801
Subg. Lutraria (Lutraria) Lamarck 1799
Lutraria australis Deshayes 1855
Lutraria elliptica Lamarck 1807
Lutraria elliptica angustior Philippi 1844
Lutraria lutraria Linnaeus 1767
†Lutraria oblonga Gmelin 1791
†Lutraria papyria Conrad 1833
Lutraria philippinarum Reeve 1854
Lutraria traskei Conrad 1855
G. †Lutromactra Iredale 1929
G. Tresus Gray 1853
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Tresus capax Gould 1850
Tresus nuttallii Conrad 1837
Tresus pajaroanus Conrad 1857
†Tresus saxadomoides Clark 1918
Invalid names: Schizothaerus Conrad 1853 [synonym]
Subfm. Mactrinae Lamarck 1809
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G. †Aliomactra Stephenson 1953
G. †Allomactra Tomlin 1931
G. †Andrusella Korobkov 1954
G. †Avimactra Andrussov 1905
G. †Cryptomactra Andrussov 1902
G. †Cymbophora Gabb 1869
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†Cymbophora ashburnerii Gabb 1864
†Cymbophora bella Saul 1974
†Cymbophora buttensis Anderson 1958
†Cymbophora gabbiana Anderson 1902
†Cymbophora moevusi Coquand 1862
†Cymbophora okadakensis Tamura 1977
†Cymbophora popenoei Saul 1974
†Cymbophora stantoni Arnold 1908
†Cymbophora suciensis Whiteaves 1879
†Cymbophora triangulata Waring 1917
†Cymbophora warrenana Meek and Hayden 1856
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Invalid names: Cymbophora formosa Meek and Hayden 1856 [synonym]
†Spisula (Cymbophora) berryi Gardner 1916
†Spisula (Cymbophora) wordeni Gardner 1916
G. †Geltena Stephenson 1946
G. Harvella Gray 1853
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Harvella elegans Sowerby 1825
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Invalid names: Harvella pacifica Conrad 1867 [synonym], Mactra (Harvella) sanctiblasii Maury 1925 [synonym], Mactra estrellana Olsson 1922 [synonym], Raeta maxima Li 1930 [synonym]
†Harvella sincola Olsson 1922
G. Mactra Linnaeus 1767
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Subg. †Mactra (Barymactra) Cossmann 1909
Subg. Mactra (Cyclomactra)
Subg. †Mactra (Electomactra) Iredale 1930
Subg. Mactra (Mactra) Linnaeus 1767
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Mactra (Mactra) glauca Born 1778
†Mactra (Mactra) protoreevesii Noetling 1901
Subg. †Mactra (Mactrona)
Subg. Mactra (Maorimactra) Finlay 1928
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†Mactra (Maorimactra) bodmani Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
†Maorimactra acuminella Finlay 1930
Maorimactra ordinaria Smith 1885
Subg. †Mactra (Nannomactra) Iredale 1930
Subg. †Mactra (Sarmatimactra)
Subg. †Mactra (Stiphromactra)
†Mactra achatina Holten 1802
†Mactra artopta Wood 1850
†Mactra auca d'Orbigny 1842
†Mactra austeniana Maury 1912
†Mactra axiniformis Tate 1887
†Mactra clathrodon Lea 1833
Mactra cleryana d'Orbigny 1846
†Mactra constricta Wood 1850
†Mactra darwinii Sowerby 1846
†Mactra dissimilis Reeve 1845
†Mactra emmonsi Meek 1877
†Mactra funerata Conrad 1848
†Mactra gibbsana Meek 1861
†Mactra hamiltonensis Tate 1887
†Mactra incomatensis Rennie 1936
†Mactra irizari Wilckens 1912
Mactra isabelleana dOrbigny 1846
†Mactra lilacea Lamarck 1818
Mactra marplatensis Doello-Jurado 1918
†Mactra mekranensis Newton 1905
Mactra mera Reeve 1854
†Mactra mississippiensis Conrad 1848
†Mactra oblonga Philippi 1887
Mactra ovalis Sowerby 1817
Mactra patagonica d'Orbigny 1846
†Mactra pellucida Gmelin 1791
†Mactra procrassa Wood 1850
†Mactra pusilla Philippi 1887
†Mactra queenslandica Smith 1914
Mactra solida Linnaeus 1758
Mactra stultorum Linnaeus 1758
†Mactra tripartita Forbes 1846
Mactra truncata Montague 1808
†Mactra tumbezia Olsson 1931
†Mactra tumida Bohm 1926
†Mactra turgida Gmelin 1791
Mactra utahensis Meek 1877
Invalid names: Mactra diegoana Conrad 1855 [nomen dubium], Trigonella da Costa 1778 [objective synonym]
G. Mactrellona Marks 1915
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Mactrellona alata Spengler 1802
Mactrellona exoleta Garay 1837
†Mactrellona tumbezia Olsson 1921
G. Mactromeris Conrad 1868
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†Mactra (Spisula) pittsburgensis frustra Tegland 1933
†Mactromeris abbotti Wiedey 1928
†Mactromeris acutirostrata Packard 1916
†Mactromeris aequilateralis Waring 1917
†Mactromeris albaria Conrad 1848
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†Mactromeris albaria coosensis Howe 1922
†Mactromeris albaria selbyensis Packard 1916
†Spisula albaria ramonensis Packard 1916
†Mactromeris beali Hall and Ambrose 1916
†Mactromeris bisculpturata Anderson and Hanna 1925
†Mactromeris brevirostrata Packard 1916
†Mactromeris capayana Vokes 1939
Mactromeris catilliformis Conrad 1867
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†Mactromeris catilliformis lenticularis Gabb 1866
Invalid names: Spisula mercedensis Packard 1916 [synonym]
†Mactromeris catilliformis alcatrazensis Arnold 1907
†Mactromeris coalingensis Arnold 1909
†Mactromeris eugenensis Clark 1925
†Mactromeris gaviotaensis Conrad 1854
†Mactromeris hannibali Clark and Arnold 1923
Mactromeris hemphillii Dall 1894
†Mactromeris markleyensis Clark 1938
†Mactromeris mercedensis Packard 1916
†Mactromeris merriami Packard 1916
†Mactromeris montereyana Arnold 1908
†Mactromeris mossbeachensis Glen 1959
†Mactromeris muliniaformis Wagner and Schilling 1923
†Mactromeris occidentalis Gabb 1869
†Mactromeris pittsburgensis Clark 1925
†Mactromeris ramonensis Packard 1916
†Mactromeris ramonensis attenuata Clark 1918
†Mactromeris rushi Wagner and Schilling 1923
†Mactromeris sectoris Anderson and Martin 1914
†Mactromeris sisquocensis Arnold 1907
†Mactromeris subquadrata Clark 1925
†Mactromeris tejonensis Packard 1916
†Mactromeris tenuissima Gabb 1869
†Mactromeris trampasensis Packard in Clark 1915
Mactromeris voyi Gabb 1866
†Mactromeris weaveri Dickerson 1914
†Spisula (Mactromeris) albaria goodspeedi Etherington 1931
G. †Nannomactra Iredale 1930
G. Notospisula Iredale 1930
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Subg. Notospisula (Notospisula) Iredale 1930
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†Spistula (Notospistula) austini Lamprell and T. 1990
†Spisula (Notospisula) ewekoroensis Adegoke 1977
Spisula (Notospisula) trigonella Lamarck 1818 [Trigonal Mactra]
G. Oxyperas Mörch 1853
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†Oxyperas callistoides Olsson 1928
†Oxyperas deserta Olsson 1928
†Oxyperas parinensis Olsson 1928
†Oxyperas steinmanni Olsson 1931
G. †Priscomactra Stephenson 1953
G. Pseudocardium Gabb 1866
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†Pseudocardium densatum Conrad 1856
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†Pseudocardium gabbii undiliferum Weaver 1912
Invalid names: Cardium gabbii Rémond 1863 [synonym], Mulinia oregonensis Dall 1909 [synonym]
†Pseudocardium densatum minor Arnold 1909
†Pseudocardium landesi Weaver 1912
†Pseudocardium meganosensis Clark and Woodford 1927
†Pseudocardium newcombei Clark and Arnold 1923
†Pseudocardium orthomorpha Grant and Gale 1931
†Pseudocardium pabloensis Packard 1916
†Pseudocardium packardi Dickerson 1917
†Pseudocardium panzanum Loel and Corey 1932
†Pseudocardium yaquinense Clark 1926
†Spisula (Pseudocardium) haboroensis Yokoyama 1927
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Invalid names: Spisula (Pseudocardium) kurikoma Nomura 1935 [synonym]
G. Standella Gray 1853
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†Standella mystrosura Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
Standella striatella Lamarck 1818
G. †Telemactra Iredale 1929
G. †Trinitasia Maury 1928
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†Trinitasia sanctiandreae Maury 1925
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Invalid names: Dermatomya harrisi Weisbord 1929 [synonym], Mulinia atlanticola Anderson 1929 [synonym]
G. †Mactropsis
G. Mactrotoma Dall 1894 [surfclam]
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Mactrotoma angusta Reeve 1854
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Invalid names: Mactra (Micromactra) atacama Pilsbry and Olsson 1941 [synonym], Mactra ovalina Reeve 1854 [synonym]
Mactrotoma californica Conrad 1837
Mactrotoma fragilis Gmelin 1792
Mactrotoma isthmica Pilsbry and Lowe 1932
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Invalid names: Mactra (Micromactra) fonsecana Hertlein and Strong 1950 [synonym], Mactra (Micromactra) vanattae Pilsbry and Lowe 1932 [synonym]
Mactrotoma nasuta Gould 1851
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Invalid names: Mactra hiantina Deshayes 1855 [synonym], Mactra revellei Durham 1950 [synonym]
†Mactrotoma quirosana Hodson 1931
Invalid names: Mactroderma Dall 1894 [synonym], Micromactra Dall 1894 [synonym]
G. Mulinia Gray 1837
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†Mulinia alta Packard 1916
†Mulinia chilota Frassinetti 1997
Mulinia cleryana d'Orbigny 1846
†Mulinia congesta Conrad 1833
Mulinia edulis King 1831
Mulinia lateralis Say 1822
†Mulinia lateralis sauryensis Olsson 1922
Mulinia milesii Holmes 1858
Mulinia modesta Dall 1894
Mulinia pallida Broderip and Sowerby 1829
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Invalid names: Corbula altirostris Li 1930 [synonym], Mulinia bradleyi Dall 1894 [synonym], Mulinia camina Pilsbry and Olsson 1941 [synonym], Mulinia donaciformis Gray 1837 [synonym]
†Mulinia undulifera Packard 1916
†Mulinia yaquinensis Clark 1926
G. †Pteropsis Conrad 1860
G. Rangia Des Moulins 1832
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Subg. †Rangia (Miorangia)
Subg. †Rangia (Praerangia)
Rangia flexuosa Conrad 1839
Rangia lecontei Conrad 1853
G. Scissodesma Gray 1837
G. Simomactra Dall 1894
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Simomactra dolabriformis Conrad 1867
Simomactra falcata Gould 1850
†Simomactra falcata brioniana Trask 1922
Simomactra planulata Conrad 1837
Invalid names: Symmorphomactra [synonym]
G. Spisula Gray 1837
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†Mactra (Spisula) sammamishensis Durham 1944
Subg. †Spisula (Austromactra) Iredale 1930
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†Spisula (Austromactra) contortula Deshayes 1857
†Spisula (Austromactra) lamberti Deshayes 1857
†Spisula (Austromactra) laudunensis Watelet 1853
†Spisula (Austromactra) loustauae Bayan 1873
†Spisula (Austromactra) parameces Cossmann 1886
†Spisula (Austromactra) recondita Deshayes 1857
Subg. †Spisula (Eomactra) Cossmann 1909
Subg. †Spisula (Notospisula)
Subg. Spisula (Spisula) Gray 1837
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†Spisula (Spisula) albertantonorum Marquet 2005
†Spisula (Spisula) caleta Olsson 1928
†Spisula (Spisula) hualtaca Olsson 1928
†Spisula (Spisula) summa Olsson 1928
Subg. †Spisula (Spisulona)
Subg. †Spisula (Stereomactra) Stewart 1930
Spisula arcuata Sowerby 1817
†Spisula brombachensis Schneider and Mandic 2014
†Spisula callistaeformis Dall 1904
†Spisula compressa Deshayes 1832
†Spisula craspedota Gardner 1947
†Spisula decisa palmaris Harris 1919
†Spisula dernburgi Böhm 1913
Spisula elliptica Brown 1827
†Spisula hannibali Clark and Arnold 1923
†Spisula obtruncata Wood 1850
†Spisula parilis Conrad 1833
†Spisula praetenuis Conrad 1833
†Spisula rappahannockensis Gardner 1944
†Spisula semisulcata Lamarck 1805
†Spisula sookensis Clark and Arnold 1923
†Spisula sorachiensis Otatsume 1933
†Spisula subcuneata Conrad 1838
Spisula subtruncata da Costa 1778
G. †Willimactra Saul 1973
+
Subg. †Willimactra (Petromactra) Saul 1973
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†Willimactra (Petromactra) mathewsonii Gabb 1864
†Willimactra (Petromactra) truncata Gabb 1864
+
Invalid names: Spisula chicoensis Packard 1916 [synonym]
Subg. †Willimactra (Willimactra) Saul 1973
+
†Willimactra (Willimactra) popenoei Saul 1973
†Willimactra (Willimactra) putida Saul 1973
Subfm. †Zenatiinae Dall 1895
+
G. Resania Gray 1853
Invalid names: Rangiidae Fischer 1884 [synonym]
Fm. Mesodesmatidae Gray 1840
+
G. †Califadesma Saul 1989
+
†Califadesma aspris Saul 1989
†Califadesma elafium Saul 1989
†Califadesma tuscanum Saul 1989
G. Donacilla Lamarck 1819
Subfm. Mesodesmatinae Gray 1840
+
G. Amesodesma Iredale 1930
+
G. †Ceroniola
G. Mesodesma Deshayes
+
Mesodesma arctatum Conrad 1831
†Mesodesma costaricensis Olsson 1922
Mesodesma deauratum Turton 1822
Mesodesma donacilla Lamarck 1819
Mesodesma donacium Lamarck 1818
†Mesodesma elongata Abbass 1972
†Mesodesma mariana Glenn 1904
G. †Myadesma Clark 1922
+
†Myadesma dalli Clark 1922
†Myadesma eocenica Clark 1938
†Myadesma howei Clark 1922
†Myadesma pacifica Hall and Ambrose 1916
Invalid names: Donacillidae Macpherson and Gabriel 1962 [synonym], Myadesmidae Clark 1922 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: superf = superfamily, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Sanchez Roig 1926 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Julian to the top of the Holocene or 235.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 232.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 232.0 Ma
Collections (2319 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Triassic | Indonesia (West Sumatra) | Anatina praecursor (204435) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Indonesia | Anatina praecursor (201866 201870) | |
| Julian | Italy | Anatina gladius (144634) | |
| Sevatian - Rhaetian | Iran | Cercomya suessi (49031) | |
| Rhaetian | Italy (Lombardy) | Anatina zannoni (38116) Anatina zannoni, Anatina praecursor (38114) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Champagne-Ardennes) | Anatina praecursor (139922) | |
| Rhaetian | Hungary (Veszprém) | Cercomya zannoni (200771) | |
| Rhaetian | China (Tibet) | Cercomya suessi (201833) | |
| Rhaetian | Italy | Anatina arista (204978) Anatina passeri (204951) Anatina praecursor (204950 204952) Anatina suessi (204938) Laternula zannonii (38167) | |
| Rhaetian | Italy (Trento) | Anatina rhaetica (232118) | |
| Rhaetian | France | Anatina praecursor (39357 39358 39359 39360) | |
| Sinemurian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Mactra sp. (34228) | |
| Pliensbachian | USA (Oregon) | Anatina sp. (207485) | |
| Bajocian | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Anatina sp. (8061) | |
| Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian | Ethiopia | Anatina parvula (94574) | |
| Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian | Eritrea | Anatina parvula (94573 94581 94583) | |
| Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian | Yemen | Anatina striata (94501) | |
| Tithonian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Anatina sp. (212032) | |
| Early/Lower Valanginian | Switzerland | Anatina cornueliana, Anatina valangiensis, Mactra valangiensis (2225) | |
| Hauterivian | Switzerland | Anatina cornueliana, Anatina brevissima (2198) | |