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Varanopidae
Taxonomy
Varanopsidae was named by Romer and Price (1940). It was considered monophyletic by Maddin et al. (2006).
It was corrected as Varanopseidae by Langston and Reisz (1981), Eberth and Brinkman (1983), Reisz (1986), Carroll (1988), Dilkes and Reisz (1996) and Martens et al. (2005); it was corrected as Varanopidae by Kemp (1982), Reisz and Dilkes (2003), Reisz and Laurin (2004), Anderson and Reisz (2004), Maddin et al. (2006), Reisz and Modesto (2007), Ivakhnenko (2008), Evans et al. (2009) and Maho et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Sphenacodontia by Kuhn (1946); to Sphenacodontia by Romer and Price (1940), Haughton and Brink (1954), Kuhn (1966) and Langston and Reisz (1981); to Pelycosauria by Eberth and Brinkman (1983); to Pelycosauria by Carroll (1988); to Eupelycosauria by Kemp (1982), Reisz (1986), Dilkes and Reisz (1996), Reisz and Dilkes (2003) and Anderson and Reisz (2004); to Synapsida by Reisz and Modesto (2007); to Varanopoidea by Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Eupelycosauria by Reisz and Laurin (2004), Martens et al. (2005), Maddin et al. (2006), Evans et al. (2009) and Maho et al. (2019).
It was corrected as Varanopseidae by Langston and Reisz (1981), Eberth and Brinkman (1983), Reisz (1986), Carroll (1988), Dilkes and Reisz (1996) and Martens et al. (2005); it was corrected as Varanopidae by Kemp (1982), Reisz and Dilkes (2003), Reisz and Laurin (2004), Anderson and Reisz (2004), Maddin et al. (2006), Reisz and Modesto (2007), Ivakhnenko (2008), Evans et al. (2009) and Maho et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Sphenacodontia by Kuhn (1946); to Sphenacodontia by Romer and Price (1940), Haughton and Brink (1954), Kuhn (1966) and Langston and Reisz (1981); to Pelycosauria by Eberth and Brinkman (1983); to Pelycosauria by Carroll (1988); to Eupelycosauria by Kemp (1982), Reisz (1986), Dilkes and Reisz (1996), Reisz and Dilkes (2003) and Anderson and Reisz (2004); to Synapsida by Reisz and Modesto (2007); to Varanopoidea by Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Eupelycosauria by Reisz and Laurin (2004), Martens et al. (2005), Maddin et al. (2006), Evans et al. (2009) and Maho et al. (2019).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1937 | Elliotsmithidae Broom |
| 1940 | Varanopsidae Romer and Price pp. 18, 268 |
| 1946 | Varanopsidae Kuhn p. 56 |
| 1954 | Varanopsidae Haughton and Brink p. 5 |
| 1962 | Thrausmosaurus Fox p. 302 |
| 1962 | Thrausmosaurus serratidens Fox p. 302 figs. 4-6 |
| 1966 | Varanopsidae Kuhn p. 120 |
| 1981 | Varanopseidae Langston and Reisz p. 74 |
| 1982 | Varanopidae Kemp p. 348 |
| 1983 | Varanopseidae Eberth and Brinkman p. 2 |
| 1986 | Varanopseidae Reisz p. 63 |
| 1986 | Thrausmosaurus Reisz p. 85 |
| 1986 | Thrausmosaurus serratidens Reisz p. 85 |
| 1988 | Thrausmosaurus Carroll |
| 1988 | Varanopseidae Carroll |
| 1996 | Varanopseidae Dilkes and Reisz p. 1167 |
| 2003 | Varanopidae Reisz and Dilkes p. 669 |
| 2004 | Varanopidae Anderson and Reisz p. 173 |
| 2004 | Varanopidae Reisz and Laurin p. 378 |
| 2005 | Varanopseidae Martens et al. |
| 2006 | Varanopidae Maddin et al. p. 957 |
| 2007 | Varanopidae Reisz and Modesto p. 734 |
| 2008 | Varanopidae Ivakhnenko |
| 2009 | Varanopidae Evans et al. p. 220 |
| 2019 | Varanopidae Maho et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Varanopidae Romer and Price 1940
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Unr. †Neovaranopsia Spindler et al. 2018
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Subfm. †Mesenosaurinae Spindler et al. 2018
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Unr. †Afrothyra Spindler et al. 2018
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G. †Mesenosaurus Efremov 1938
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†Mesenosaurus efremovi Maho et al. 2019
†Mesenosaurus romeri Efremov 1938
Subfm. †Varanodontinae Modesto et al. 2001
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G. †Aerosaurus Romer 1937
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†Aerosaurus greenleeorum Romer 1937
†Aerosaurus wellesi Langston and Reisz 1981
G. †Mycterosaurus Williston 1915
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†Mycterosaurus longiceps Williston 1915
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Invalid names: Basicranodon fortsillensis Vaughn 1958 [synonym], Eumatthevia bolli Broom 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Basicranodon Vaughn 1958 [synonym], Eumatthevia Broom 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Elliotsmithidae Broom 1937 [synonym], Mycterosaurinae Modesto et al. 2001 [empty], Thrausmosaurus Fox 1962 [invalid subgroup], Thrausmosaurus serratidens Fox 1962 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Moscovian to the top of the Capitanian or 315.20000 to 259.51000 Ma
Collections (32 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moscovian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Dendromaia unamakiensis (207132) | |
| Virgilian | USA (New Mexico) | Aerosaurus greenlorum, Aerosaurus greenleeorum, Ruthiromia elcobriensis (34761) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Kansas) | Archaeovenator hamiltonensis (68427) | |
| Virgilian - Wolfcampian | USA (New Mexico) | Aerosaurus wellesi (77412) | |
| Asselian | Germany (Thuringia) | Cabarzia trostheidi (176531) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (Texas) | Apsisaurus witteri (79162) | |
| Sakmarian - Artinskian | Germany | Ascendonanus nestleri (153497) | |
| Artinskian | Germany (Thuringia) | Varanopseidae new sp. (80112) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Thrausmosaurus serratidens, Basicranodon fortsillensis, Mycterosaurus sp., Mycterosaurinae indet., Varanopseidae indet. (67862) | |
| Artinskian - Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Eumatthevia bolli (71671) Mycterosaurus longiceps (28250) | |
| Leonardian | USA (Texas) | Varanops brevirostris (68171) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Varanosaurus brevirostris (28264) | |
| Late/Upper Kazanian - Urzhumian | Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk) | Mesenosaurus romeri (79948 85160 187645 187646 187648 187649 187650 187651 187653 190282) Pyozia mesenensis, Mesenosaurus romeri (187647) | |
| Roadian - Wordian | USA (Oklahoma) | Varanodon agilis (27479) Watongia meieri (27475) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Western Cape) | Afrothyra indet. (31777) Anningia megalops (89650) Elliotsmithia longiceps (86388) | |
| Capitanian | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Elliotsmithia longiceps (88394) Heleosaurus scholtzi (85515 89626) |