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Synaptichnium
Taxonomy
Synaptichnium was named by Nopcsa (1923). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type is Synaptichnium pseudosuchoides.
It was synonymized subjectively with Chirotherium by Haubold (1969).
It was assigned to Thecodontia by Kuhn (1958); to Pseudosuchia by Demathieu and Haubold (1972); to Synaptichniidae by Ellenberger (1974); to Crurotarsi by Gand and Demathieu (2005); and to Chirotheriidae by Baird (1954), Haubold (1971), Haubold (1974), Gand (1974), Demathieu (1989), Ptaszynski (2000) and Klein and Lucas (2021).
It was synonymized subjectively with Chirotherium by Haubold (1969).
It was assigned to Thecodontia by Kuhn (1958); to Pseudosuchia by Demathieu and Haubold (1972); to Synaptichniidae by Ellenberger (1974); to Crurotarsi by Gand and Demathieu (2005); and to Chirotheriidae by Baird (1954), Haubold (1971), Haubold (1974), Gand (1974), Demathieu (1989), Ptaszynski (2000) and Klein and Lucas (2021).
Species
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1923 | Synaptichnium Nopcsa |
1954 | Synaptichnium Baird p. 170 |
1958 | Synaptichnium Kuhn p. 20 |
1971 | Synaptichnium Haubold p. 53 |
1972 | Synaptichnium Demathieu and Haubold p. 804 |
1974 | Synaptichnium Ellenberger p. 113 |
1974 | Synaptichnium Gand p. 8 |
1974 | Synaptichnium Haubold p. 39 |
1989 | Synaptichnium Demathieu p. 202 |
2000 | Synaptichnium Ptaszynski p. 170 |
2005 | Synaptichnium Gand and Demathieu p. 726 |
2021 | Synaptichnium Klein and Lucas p. 38 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Synaptichnium Nopcsa 1923
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†Synaptichnium argantobrivense Demathieu and Gand 1981
†Synaptichnium cameronensis Peabody 1948
†Synaptichnium chirotherioides Ptaszynski 1990
†Synaptichnium diabloensis Peabody 1948
†Synaptichnium hildburghausense Lilienstern 1939
†Synaptichnium kotanskii Ptaszynski 2000
†Synaptichnium motutongense Ellenberger 1974
†Synaptichnium priscum Demathieu 1970
†Synaptichnium pseudosuchoides Nopcsa 1923
†Synaptichnium senkowiczowae Niedzwiedzki and Ptaszynski 2007
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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H. Klein and S. G. Lucas 2021 | Moderately narrow trackways of a quadruped with a pace angulation that is only slightly larger than 160° (140° on average); imprints pentadactyl with strong outward rotation of the pes. Pes imprints with digits I–IV increasing in length and digit IV being longest or subequal with III; digit V more laterally than proximally positioned behind front digits, slender, elongate and straight or slightly curved outward and with oval basal pad. Manus more rounded, with digit III being longest. Ratio of manus:pes area relatively large for chirotheriids = 1:1.8, up to 1:3.7. (1:2.5 on average). Sharp claws on digits I–IV in both the pes and manus. Distinct rounded phalangeal and metatarsophalangeal pad traces. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subo = suborder, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Benton 1983, Carroll 1988 |
Age range: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Sinemurian or 251.20000 to 190.80000 Ma
Collections (22 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Early/Lower Triassic | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | S. sp. (199897 199898 199899 199900) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | United Kingdom (England) | S. sp. (164930) | |
Spathian | USA (Arizona) | Chirotherium diabloensis (95107) | |
Spathian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | S. kotanskii, S. chirotherioides, S. senkowiczowae (118063) | |
Olenekian | Morocco (Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz) | S. sp., S. pseudosuchoides (149976) | |
Olenekian - Anisian | Germany (Thuringia) | Chirotherium hildburghausense (182300) | |
Aegean - Bithynian | USA (Arizona) | Chirotherium cameronensis (114095) | |
Anisian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | S. sp. (194584) | |
Anisian | United Kingdom (England) | S. pseudosuchoides (197350) | |
Anisian | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | S. sp. (199858 199907) | |
Anisian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | S. sp. (175801) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | S. sp. (201283) S. sp., S. priscum (31310) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | S. cameronensis, S. diabloense, S. argantobrivense (28462) S. diabloense (199928) | |
Middle Triassic | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | S. sp. (28092) | |
Carnian | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | S. sp. (205518) | |
Hettangian - Sinemurian | Lesotho (Quthing) | S. motutongense (84072) |