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Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Giraffatitan
Taxonomy
Brachiosaurus (Giraffatitan) was named by Paul (1988). It is not extant.
It was reranked as Giraffatitan by Olshevsky (1992), Taylor (2009), Ksepka and Norell (2010), Marty et al. (2010), D'Emic (2012), Mannion et al. (2013), D'Emic (2013), Mocho et al. (2014), Carballido et al. (2015), D'Emic et al. (2016), Salisbury et al. (2016), Mannion et al. (2017) and Mannion et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Brachiosaurus by Paul (1988); to Titanosauriformes by Mocho et al. (2014); and to Brachiosauridae by Olshevsky (1992), Taylor (2009), Ksepka and Norell (2010), Marty et al. (2010), D'Emic (2012), Mannion et al. (2013), D'Emic (2013), Carballido et al. (2015), D'Emic et al. (2016), Salisbury et al. (2016), Mannion et al. (2017) and Mannion et al. (2019).
It was reranked as Giraffatitan by Olshevsky (1992), Taylor (2009), Ksepka and Norell (2010), Marty et al. (2010), D'Emic (2012), Mannion et al. (2013), D'Emic (2013), Mocho et al. (2014), Carballido et al. (2015), D'Emic et al. (2016), Salisbury et al. (2016), Mannion et al. (2017) and Mannion et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Brachiosaurus by Paul (1988); to Titanosauriformes by Mocho et al. (2014); and to Brachiosauridae by Olshevsky (1992), Taylor (2009), Ksepka and Norell (2010), Marty et al. (2010), D'Emic (2012), Mannion et al. (2013), D'Emic (2013), Carballido et al. (2015), D'Emic et al. (2016), Salisbury et al. (2016), Mannion et al. (2017) and Mannion et al. (2019).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1988 | Brachiosaurus (Giraffatitan) Paul p. 9 |
1992 | Giraffatitan Olshevsky p. 183 |
2009 | Giraffatitan Taylor p. 799 |
2010 | Giraffatitan Ksepka and Norell |
2010 | Giraffatitan Marty et al. p. 129 |
2012 | Giraffatitan D'Emic |
2013 | Giraffatitan D'Emic |
2013 | Giraffatitan Mannion et al. |
2014 | Giraffatitan Mocho et al. |
2015 | Giraffatitan Carballido et al. |
2016 | Giraffatitan D'Emic et al. |
2016 | Giraffatitan Salisbury et al. p. 125 |
2017 | Giraffatitan Mannion et al. |
2019 | Giraffatitan Mannion et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Giraffatitan Paul 1988
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†Brachiosaurus (Giraffatitan) brancai Janensch 1914
†Giraffatitan brancai Janensch 1914
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Invalid names: Brachiosaurus fraasi Janensch 1914 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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G. S. Paul 1988 | As for species. |
Body mass estimates
estimate | equation | reference |
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47.1 tons | Sauropoda femur circumference | Anderson et al. 1985 |
Measurements
part | N | mean | |||||
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femur circumference | 1 | 730.0 |
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Source: infrao = infraorder | |||||
Reference: Marsh 1875 |
Age range: base of the Oxfordian to the top of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian or 163.50000 to 150.80000 Ma
Collections (42 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Oxfordian | Tanzania (Lindi) | Brachiosaurus brancai (48387 48388) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Tanzania (Lindi) | Brachiosaurus brancai (47146 47151 47153) Brachiosaurus fraasi (47148) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | Tanzania (Lindi) | Brachiosaurus brancai (48354 48370 48371 48378 48379 48380 48381 48382 48384) Sauropoda indet. (47147) | |
Tithonian | Tanzania (Lindi) | Brachiosaurus brancai (47123 47137 47141 47142 47143 47145 47156 47157 47159 47161 47182 48344 48345 48349 48350 48358 48363 48364 48367 48374 48377 48385 97536 97537) Sauropoda indet. (47158 48359) |