PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Pronoritidae

Cephalopoda - Prolecanitida - Pronoritidae

Taxonomy

Pronoritidae was named by Frech (1901). Its type is Pronorites.

It was assigned to Pronoritaceae by Leonova (2002); to Medlicottiaceae by Leonova (1989), Titus (2000), Korn (2006) and Korn and Sudar (2016); and to Medlicottioidea by Furnish et al. (2009) and Zhou (2017).

Subtaxa

Neopronoritinae, Pronoritinae, Uralopronorites

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1901	Pronoritidae Frech
1989	Pronoritidae Leonova p. 79
2000	Pronoritidae Titus p. 17
2002	Pronoritidae Leonova
2006	Pronoritidae Korn
2009	Pronoritidae Furnish et al. p. 193
2016	Pronoritidae Korn and Sudar p. 218
2017	Pronoritidae Zhou p. 22

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca

Rank	Name	Author
class	Cephalopoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Ammonoidea	()
order	Prolecanitida	Miller and Furnish 1954
superfamily	Medlicottioidea	(Karpinsky 1889)
family	Pronoritidae	Frech 1901
family	Pronoritidae	Frech 1901

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Pronoritidae Frech 1901

show all | hide all

Subfm. †Neopronoritinae Weyer 1972

hide

G. †Neopronorites Ruzhencev 1936

†Neopronorites asianus Leonova 1988

†Neopronorites bakeri Miller and Furnish 1940

†Neopronorites carboniferus Ruzhentsev 1949

†Neopronorites darvasicus Leonova 1988

†Neopronorites leonovae Zhou 2017

†Neopronorites magnus Maximova 1938

†Neopronorites milleri Ruzhentsev 1938

†Neopronorites permicus Tchernow 1907

Invalid names: Parapronorites biarmicus Shulga-Nesterenko 1916 [synonym], Parapronorites biformis Tchernow 1907 [synonym], Parapronorites multidentatus Schulga-Nesterenko 1916 [synonym], Parapronorites petschoricus Schulga-Nesterenko 1916 [synonym], Parapronorites tenuiserratus Tchernow 1907 [synonym], Parapronorites tridentatus Schulga-Nesterenko 1916 [synonym]

†Neopronorites praepermicus Karpinsky 1874

†Neopronorites prior Ruzhentsev 1949

†Neopronorites rotundus Maximova 1938

†Neopronorites schucherti Ruzhencev 1938

†Neopronorites shinini Ruzhencev 1938

†Neopronorites skvorzovi Tchernow 1907

†Neopronorites tenkensis Kutygin 2015

†Neopronorites tenuis Karpinsky 1889

Invalid names: Epipronorites magnus Maxomiva 1938 [synonym], Parapronorites mojsisovicsi Karpinsky 1889 [synonym], Parapronorites vetus Gerassimov 1937 [synonym]

Invalid names: Epipronorites Maximova 1938 [synonym]

G. †Paedopronorites Glenister et al. 2004

†Paedopronorites leonovae Glenister et al. 2004

G. †Parapronorites Gemmellaro 1887

†Parapronorites konincki Gemmellaro 1887

†Parapronorites latus Karpinsky 1889

†Parapronorites rectus Leonova 1989

†Parapronorites subitus Leonova 1992

†Parapronorites timorensis Haniel 1915

G. †Sakmarites Ruzhencev 1936

†Sakmarites ajdaralense Ruzhencev 1951

†Sakmarites asaphus Ruzhencev 1938

†Sakmarites hanieli Ruzhencev 1949

†Sakmarites inflatus Ruzhencev 1951

†Sakmarites postcarbonarius Karpinsky 1874

†Sakmarites tardus Borissenkov 2010

†Sakmarites vulgaris Karpinsky 1889

Invalid names: Parapronorites urmensis Tchernow 1907 [synonym]

G. †Shikhanites Ruzhencev 1938

†Shikhanites singularis Ruzhencev 1938

Subfm. †Pronoritinae Frech 1901

hide

G. †Megapronorites Ruzhencev 1949

†Megapronorites baconi Miller et al. 1952

†Megapronorites itimensis Korn and Ebbighausen 2006

†Megapronorites sakmarensis Ruzhentsev 1949

G. †Metapronorites Librovitch 1938

†Metapronorites angustus Andrianov 1985

†Metapronorites bifidus Andrianov 1985

†Metapronorites certus Andrianov 1985

†Metapronorites cuneilobatus Ruzhentsev 1949

†Metapronorites ellesmerensis Nassichuk 1975

†Metapronorites polaris Andrianov 1985

†Metapronorites pseudotimorensis Miller 1930

†Metapronorites timorensis Haniel 1915

†Metapronorites vladimiri Andrianov 1985

G. †Pronorites Mojsisovics 1882

†Pronorites mediterranea Renz and Renz 1948

G. †Pseudopronorites Nassichuk 1975

†Pseudopronorites arkansiensis Smith 1896

Invalid names: Pronorites siebenthali Smith 1903 [synonym]

†Pseudopronorites kansasensis Newell 1936

†Pseudopronorites karpinskii Librovitch 1939

†Pseudopronorites llanoensis Plummer and Scott 1937

†Pseudopronorites quinni Gordon 1968

G. †Stenopronorites Schindewolf 1934

†Stenopronorites ferganensis Rauser-Tschernoussowa 1928

†Stenopronorites occidentalis Kullmann 1962

†Stenopronorites onerosus Ruzhentsev and Bogoslovskaya 1978

†Stenopronorites peruvianus Thomas 1928

†Stenopronorites sersoni Nassichuk 1975

†Stenopronorites shuichengensis Yin 1935

†Stenopronorites uralensis Karpinsky 1889

Invalid names: Minepronorites Nishida et al. 1998 [synonym], Sinopronorites Ruan 1981 [synonym]

G. †Tridentites Schindewolf 1934

G. †Uralopronorites Librovitch and Ruzhencev 1949

hide

†Uralopronorites mirus Librovitch 1949

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragoniteo

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

fast-movingo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Vision:

well-developedc

Created:

2005-10-06 14:37:20

Modified:

2005-10-06 16:37:20

Source: o = order, c = class

References: Kiessling 2003, Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Asbian to the top of the Wuchiapingian or 340.00000 to 254.17000 Ma

Collections (325 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Asbian	340.0 - 336.0	Serbia and Montenegro	Pronorites sp. (177511 177513)
Asbian	340.0 - 336.0	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Pronorites sp. (206737)
Brigantian	336.0 - 330.9	Morocco	Megapronorites itimensis (157742 157743 157749)
Brigantian	336.0 - 330.9	Kazakhstan	Megapronorites sakmarensis (166867 166868 166869 166871)
Brigantian - Pendleian	336.0 - 327.0	Serbia and Montenegro	Uralopronorites mirus (177518 178460)
Pendleian	330.9 - 327.0	Kazakhstan	Megapronorites sakmarensis (166873 166874 166875 166876 166877 166887) Megapronorites sakmarensis, Uralopronorites mirus (166865 166866 166878 166879 166880 166881 166882 166884 166885 166886 166888 166889 166891 166892 166893 166894 166895 166897 166898) Uralopronorites mirus (8421)
Pendleian	330.9 - 327.0	USA (Arkansas)	Pronorites baconi (84400)
Pendleian	330.9 - 327.0	Russian Federation (Orenburg)	Megapronorites sakmarensis (166939 166941) Megapronorites sakmarensis, Uralopronorites mirus (166475 166930 166937 166944 166945) Uralopronorites mirus (166900)
Pendleian	330.9 - 327.0	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Megapronorites sakmarensis, Uralopronorites mirus (166952)
Arnsbergian	327.0 - 323.7	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Megapronorites sakmarensis, Uralopronorites mirus (166953) Stenopronorites uralensis (166954)
Arnsbergian	327.0 - 323.7	Tajikistan	Stenopronorites sp. (166972)
Arnsbergian	327.0 - 323.7	Kazakhstan	Megapronorites sakmarensis (166864) Stenopronorites uralensis (166863)
Arnsbergian	327.0 - 323.7	Russian Federation (Orenburg)	Megapronorites sakmarensis (166949) Stenopronorites uralensis (166934 166935 166946 166947 166948) Uralopronorites mirus (166932 166938)
Chokierian	323.7 - 322.8	Kazakhstan	Stenopronorites uralensis (67718)
Morrowan	323.2 - 318.6	USA (Arkansas)	Pseudopronorites quinni (43097 43099 43100 43101 43102 43103 43104) Stenopronorites arkansasensis (43441 43442 43443 43445 43446 43447 43448 43449) Stenopronorites arkansiensis (43205 43349 43350 43353 43362 43375 43386 43423 43424 43428 43436 43438 43440)
Morrowan	323.2 - 318.6	USA (Oklahoma)	Pseudopronorites quinni (43136) Pseudopronorites sp. (79329)
Bashkirian	323.2 - 315.2	USA (Texas)	Pronorites llanoensis (128577)
Bashkirian	323.2 - 315.2	USA (Arkansas)	Stenopronorites arkansiensis (157833 157955 158015)
Early/Lower Pennsylvanian - Middle Pennsylvanian	323.2 - 307.0	USA (California)	Stenopronorites sp. (217079)
Alportian	322.8 - 321.8	Tajikistan	Stenopronorites uralensis (68258)
Alportian	322.8 - 321.8	Russian Federation	Stenopronorites uralensis (67719 67743)
Kinderscoutian	321.8 - 321.3	Russian Federation	Stenopronorites uralensis (67724 67733 67741 67744 67746 67748 67750 67753 67754 67759 67762 67763 67767 67768 67769)
Kinderscoutian	321.8 - 321.3	Uzbekistan	Stenopronorites sp. (68198)
Marsdenian	321.3 - 320.0	Russian Federation	Stenopronorites uralensis (67771 67773 68190 68192 68193 68194)
Yeadonian	320.0 - 318.7	Uzbekistan	Stenopronorites onerosus (38723 68204 68206 68208 68210 68211)
Yeadonian	320.0 - 318.7	Russian Federation	Stenopronorites uralensis (67722)
Moscovian	315.2 - 307.0	USA (Arkansas)	Pronorites arkansasensis (170866) Stenopronorites arkansiensis (157929 158010) Stenopronorites sp. A (158014)
Moscovian	315.2 - 307.0	USA (Texas)	Metapronorites sp., Pseudopronorites sp., Pronorites arkansasensis, Stenopronorites sersoni, Pseudopronorites arkansiensis (79328)
Moscovian	315.2 - 307.0	Canada (Nunavut)	Metapronorites ellesmerensis (170669 170671 170672 170673 170689 170691 170698 170716 170717 170720) Metapronorites pseudotimorensis (170724) Metapronorites sp. (62696) Pseudopronorites arkansiensis, Metapronorites ellesmerensis (62646 170668 170670 170690 170701) Stenopronorites sersoni (170708 170713 170715 170718 170719) Stenopronorites sersoni, Pseudopronorites arkansiensis (62652)
Desmoinesian	312.8 - 306.0	USA (Oklahoma)	Pseudopronorites arkansasense (91530)
Kasimovian	307.0 - 303.7	Canada (Nunavut)	Metapronorites pseudotimorensis (76938)
Kasimovian	307.0 - 303.7	USA (Texas)	Pronorites pseudotimorensis (128578)
Gzhelian	303.7 - 298.9	USA (Texas)	Neopronorites boesei (43455 43483 43484) Neopronorites sp. (43488) Stenopronorites sp. (43485)
Gzhelian	303.7 - 298.9	Russian Federation	Metapronorites cuneilobatus (172254) Neopronorites carboniferus (172255 172259 172262 172264 172265 172266 172268 172269 172271 172272) Neopronorites prior, Neopronorites carboniferus (172256 172260)
Gzhelian	303.7 - 298.9	Canada (Nunavut)	Neopronorites sp. (117189)
Gzhelian	303.7 - 298.9	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Neopronorites carboniferus (172290)
Gzhelian	303.7 - 298.9	Kazakhstan	Metapronorites cuneilobatus (81348) Metapronorites sp. (81349) Neopronorites carboniferus (172280 172281 172282) Neopronorites sp. (81344)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Japan	Metapronorites sp., Metapronorites timorensis (116014) Metapronorites timorensis (214599)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Canada (Nunavut)	Neopronorites sp. (115639)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Kazakhstan	Neopronorites sp. (81367 81370)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	China (Guangxi)	Metapronorites timorensis (95829) Metapronorites timorensis, Neopronorites leonovae (185583)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Neopronorites tenuis, Sakmarites asaphus (204136)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Tajikistan	Metapronorites timorensis (102491 102492 102493 102494 102495 102496)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	USA (Texas)	Neopronorites bakeri (43468)
Asselian - Sakmarian	298.9 - 290.1	China (Guangxi)	Metapronorites timorensis, Neopronorites leonovae (185582)
Asselian - Sakmarian	298.9 - 290.1	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Sakmarites postcarbonarius (217204 232767)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Tajikistan	Parapronorites subitus (130223)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Russian Federation	Metapronorites angustus (102338) Metapronorites certus (215908)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Kazakhstan	Neopronorites tenuis (81373)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	USA (Texas)	Neopronorites bakeri (113186)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	East Timor	Metapronorites timorensis (61939)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Canada (Nunavut)	Neopronorites sp. (107937)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Sakmarites postcarbonarius, Neopronorites tenuis, Sakmarites asaphus (217201)
Sakmarian - Artinskian	293.52 - 279.3	Russian Federation	Neopronorites sp. (215907 215911)
Sakmarian - Artinskian	293.52 - 279.3	East Timor	Stenopronorites timorensis (21163)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Russian Federation (Chelyabinsk)	Sakmarites vulgaris (125118)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Russian Federation	Neopronorites permicus (111239 116797 125127 125128) Neopronorites skvorzovi (116790 215900) Parapronorites permicus (125095) Parapronorites permicus, Parapronorites biformis (125094) Parapronorites permicus, Parapronorites tenuiserratus (125105) Parapronorites permicus, Parapronorites urmensis (125100) Parapronorites skvorzovi (125096) Parapronorites urmensis (125097 125098 125099 125101 125102 125103 125104) Sakmarites vulgaris (116795 116796 117788 125120)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Thailand	Neopronorites darvasicus (61735)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Tajikistan	Neopronorites darvasicus (88897 95472 111383 130224)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	USA (Texas)	Neopronorites bakeri (97276 105720) Neopronorites sp. (90007)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Canada (Nunavut)	Neopronorites sp. (111866)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Russian Federation (Orenburg)	Neopronorites permicus (125126) Neopronorites skvorzovi (125109) Sakmarites vulgaris (116793)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	China (Guizhou)	Neopronorites darvasicus (185543) Parapronorites rectus (185544)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Kazakhstan	Neopronorites permicus (116792) Neopronorites skvorzovi (116788 117790 125092 125112 125113 125114 125115 125116 125117) Neopronorites skvorzovi, Sakmarites vulgaris (102148) Sakmarites vulgaris (116791)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Neopronorites permicus (125119) Neopronorites permicus, Sakmarites vulgaris (125122 125123 217205) Neopronorites sp. (125124)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	China (Guangxi)	Parapronorites rectus (185586)
Artinskian - Kungurian	290.1 - 272.3	Indonesia	Parapronorites timorensis, Sakmarites hanieli (39614)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	China (Xinjiang)	Parapronorites rectus (121705)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Tajikistan	Neopronorites asianus, Parapronorites rectus (111283 111382 177979 177982) Parapronorites rectus (81384 109839 111247 111259 111260 111262 111264 111278 111279 111289 111290 111377 111378 111386 177981 177983 178022 178023 178024 178025 178026 178027 178028 178030 178031 178032 178033 178035 178036 178037 178038 178039 178043)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Russian Federation	Neouddenites sp. (102215) Sakmarites tardus (96850)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	China (Guizhou)	Parapronorites rectus (185577) Parapronorites timorensis (185574)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Thailand	Parapronorites rectus (61737)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	China (Guangxi)	Parapronorites timorensis (185587)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Oman	Parapronorites konincki (82199 102386 102387 102388)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	China (Xizang)	Parapronorites timorensis, Neopronorites permicus (117564)
Roadian - Wordian	272.3 - 264.28	Indonesia	Parapronorites timorensis (43098)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Italy	Parapronorites konincki (108567 108672)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Malaysia (Pahang)	Pronoritidae indet. (50130)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Indonesia	Paedopronorites leonovae (73589)