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Trochonema
Taxonomy
Trochonema was named by Salter (1859) [Sepkoski's age data: O Llvi O Ashg-u Sepkoski's reference number: 1075]. It is not extant. Its type is Pleurotomaria umbilicata. It is the type genus of Trochonematidae.
It was assigned to Archaeogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Trochonematidae by von Zittel (1895), Ulrich and Scofield (1897), Knight et al. (1960), Wagner (1999) and Bouchet et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Archaeogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Trochonematidae by von Zittel (1895), Ulrich and Scofield (1897), Knight et al. (1960), Wagner (1999) and Bouchet et al. (2005).
Species
T. altum, T. attavum, T. beachi, T. bellulum, T. beloitense, T. biangulata, T. cambodgensis, T. canadensis, T. coxi, T. dispar, T. eccentricum, T. exile, T. fragile, T. galtensis, T. liljevalli, T. madisonense, T. minnesotensis, T. minus, T. panderi, T. peraltum, T. puchangshaensis, T. puchangshanensis, T. retrorsum, T. rugosa, T. schmidti, T. shallochense, T. subcrassum, T. tricinctum, T. trochonemoides, T. umbilicata, T. vagrans, T. valenticum, T. vittatum, T. wartheni, T. wilsonae
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1859 | Trochonema Salter p. 27 |
| 1895 | Trochonema von Zittel |
| 1897 | Trochonema Ulrich and Scofield |
| 1960 | Trochonema Knight et al. |
| 1999 | Trochonema Wagner p. 30 |
| 2002 | Trochonema Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Trochonema Bouchet et al. p. 176 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Trochonema Salter 1859
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†Trochonema altum Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema attavum Perner 1903
†Trochonema beachi Whitfield 1878
†Trochonema bellulum Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema beloitense Whitfield 1878
†Trochonema biangulata Hall 1847
†Trochonema cambodgensis Delpey 1941
†Trochonema canadensis Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema coxi Wilson 1938
†Trochonema dispar Raymond 1905
†Trochonema eccentricum Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema exile Whitfield 1889
†Trochonema fragile Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema galtensis Whiteaves 1884
†Trochonema liljevalli Rohr 1980
†Trochonema madisonense Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema minnesotensis Ladd 1925
†Trochonema minus Koken 1897
†Trochonema panderi Koken 1896
†Trochonema peraltum Koken 1897
†Trochonema puchangshaensis Yü 1961
†Trochonema puchangshanensis Yü 1961
†Trochonema retrorsum Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema rugosa Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema schmidti Koken 1897
†Trochonema shallochense Lamont 1946
†Trochonema subcrassum Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema tricinctum Perner 1903
†Trochonema trochonemoides Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema umbilicata Hall 1847
†Trochonema vagrans Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Trochonema valenticum Pitcher 1939
†Trochonema vittatum Koken and Perner 1925
†Trochonema wartheni Hussey 1926
†Trochonema wilsonae Steele and Sinclair 1971
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | |||||
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| shell height | 1 | 4.00 |
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| Source: g = genus, o = order | |||||
| References: Bambach et al. 2007, Hendy 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Stairsian to the top of the Capitanian or 485.40000 to 259.51000 Ma
Collections (169 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stairsian | USA (Vermont) | T. exile (56488) | |
| Rangerian | USA (Nevada) | T. sp. (104459) | |
| Chazyan | Canada (Ontario) | T. umbilicatum (172204) | |
| Chazyan | USA (New York) | T. dispar (56184 172144 172183 172308 172321) | |
| Chazyan | Canada (Quebec) | T. umbilicatum (172352) | |
| Whiterockian | USA (Virginia) | Trochonemella trochonemoides (6984) | |
| Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician | Canada (Nunavut) | T. sp. (24221 24229 24241) | |
| Darriwilian | China (Xinjiang) | T. puchangshanensis (163053) | |
| Sarka | Czech Republic | T. sp. (3857) | |
| Caradoc | USA (Wisconsin) | T. sp. (55474) T. spp. (55651) | |
| Caradoc | USA (Virginia) | T. sp. (33449 33450 33451 33452 33453) T. umbilicatum (34277 34279 34281 34324 34326 34327 34328) | |
| Late/Upper Ordovician | Germany | T. sp. (214071) | |
| Late/Upper Ordovician | Canada (Nunavut) | T. sp. (101981) | |
| Late/Upper Ordovician | Canada (Manitoba) | T. umbilicata (28184) | |
| Late/Upper Ordovician | USA (Alaska) | T. sp. (100882 101861) | |
| Zahorany - Late/Upper Ordovician | Czech Republic | T. sp. (3865) | |
| Turinian | USA (Wisconsin) | T. rugosum (89018) | |
| Turinian | USA (Minnesota) | T. vagrans, T. rugosa (194139) | |
| Turinian | USA (Indiana) | T. umbilicatum (104277) | |
| Turinian | Canada (Ontario) | T. sp. (26174) T. umbilicata (104422 184671) T. umbilicatum (26188 184970 185476 185478 185480) | |
| Turinian | USA (Illinois) | T. beachi, T. beloitense (88007) | |
| Ashbyan | USA (Tennessee) | Lophospira trochonemoides, T. bellulum (5327) | |
| Ashbyan | USA (Virginia) | T. bellulum (33544 33545 33546 33547) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Tennessee) | T. umbilicatum, T. eccentricum (5331) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Minnesota) | T. beachi, T. beloitense, T. rugosum, T. vagrans, T. unbilicatum (23556) T. umbilicatum, T. beachi, T. beloitense, T. rugosum, T. vagrans (23555) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Wisconsin) | T. beachi, T. beloitense (154948) T. sp. (98349) | |
| Blackriveran | Canada (Ontario) | T. wilsonae (55999) | |
| Blackriveran | Canada (Quebec) | T. umbilicatum (63816) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Illinois) | T. umbilicata (155374) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | T. beachi, T. beloitense, T. rugosum, T. vagrans, T. unbilicatum (23613 23614 23615) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Kentucky) | T. subcrassum (155399) | |
| Blackriveran - Rocklandian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | T. retrorsum, T. unbilicatum (23621) | |
| Blackriveran - Rocklandian | USA (Minnesota) | T. beachi, T. beloitense, T. retrorsum, T. rugosum, T. unbilicatum (23557) | |
| Kirkfieldian | Canada (Ontario) | T. umbilicatum (26192) | |
| Kirkfieldian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | T. retrorsum, T. unbilicatum (23623 23644) | |
| Rocklandian | USA (Kentucky) | T. canadensis (87737) | |
| Rocklandian - Kirkfieldian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | T. retrorsum, T. unbilicatum (23622) | |
| Rocklandian - Kirkfieldian | USA (Minnesota) | T. retrorsum, T. unbilicatum (23558) | |
| Shermanian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | T. altum, T. fragile, T. retrorsum, T. subcrassum, T. unbilicatum (23656) T. altum, T. fragile, T. subcrassum, T. unbilicatum (23659 23664 23667 23668 23670) T. retrorsum, T. unbilicatum (23651 23653) | |
| Shermanian | USA (Minnesota) | T. altum, T. fragile, T. retrorsum, T. subcrassum, T. unbilicatum (23579) T. altum, T. fragile, T. subcrassum, T. unbilicatum (23584) T. umbilicatum (23092) | |
| Trentonian | USA (Iowa) | T. sp. (330) | |
| Wildernessian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | T. coxi (26951) T. sp. (26938 26939 26941 26946 26947 26948 26953 26955) T. sp., T. umbilicatum (26957) | |
| Chatfieldian | Canada (Ontario) | T. umbilicatum (26270 26271 185002 185268) T. umbilicatum, T. fragile (26273) T. umbilicatum, T. fragile, T. vagrans (26277) | |
| Chatfieldian - Edenian | Canada (Nunavut) | T. umbilicatum (24116) | |
| Chatfieldian - Edenian | Canada (Quebec) | T. sp. (45286) | |
| Chatfieldian - Maysvillian | Canada (Nunavut) | T. sp. (192776) | |
| Eastonian | Australia (New South Wales) | T. sp. (2702) | |
| Edenian | USA (Illinois, Iowa) | T. altum, T. fragile, T. subcrassum, T. unbilicatum (23678) T. unbilicatum (23679) | |
| Edenian | USA (Minnesota) | T. altum, T. fragile, T. subcrassum, T. unbilicatum (23588) | |
| Edenian | Canada (Nunavut) | T. umbilicatum (24225) | |
| Edenian | USA (Ohio) | T. sp. (385) | |
| Edenian - Maysvillian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | T. sp. (26942) | |
| Edenian - Maysvillian | Canada (Ontario) | T. umbilicatum (26293 26294) | |
| Edenian - Richmondian | Canada (Manitoba) | T. coxi (13654 13655 13656 13657) | |
| Maysvillian | Canada (Ontario) | T. umbilicatum (26296) | |
| Maysvillian | Canada (Manitoba) | T. coxi (14120) | |
| Maysvillian - Richmondian | USA (Colorado) | T. umbilicatum (10338) | |
| Richmondian | USA (Alaska) | T. retrorsum (49341) T. umbilicatum (49346 49351) | |
| Richmondian | Canada (Manitoba) | T. umbilicata (172791) | |
| Richmondian | USA (Kentucky) | T. sp. (37833) | |
| Richmondian | Canada (Nunavut) | T. coxi (360 169387) T. sp. (24123) | |
| Richmondian | USA (Indiana) | T. madisonense (155711) | |
| Richmondian | USA (Michigan) | T. wartheni (26313) | |
| Richmondian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | T. coxi (27193 104998 188769) | |
| Richmondian | Canada (Quebec) | T. umbilicatum (63559 63625) | |
| Richmondian - Ashgill | USA (Ohio) | T. sp. (394) | |
| Richmondian - Gamachian | Canada (Manitoba) | T. coxi (23011 23018 23023 23024 23026 23031) | |
| Pusgillian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | T. shallochense (73133) | |
| Ashgill | USA (California) | Gyronema liljevalli (69225) | |
| Ashgill | Canada (Northwest Territories) | T. sp. (26346) | |
| Gamachian | Canada (Manitoba) | T. sp. (26358 26364) | |
| Cautleyan | Greenland (Washington Land) | T. umbilicatum (24162) | |
| Cautleyan - Rawtheyan | United Kingdom (Wales) | T. sp. (8291) | |
| Rawtheyan | United Kingdom (England) | T. sp. (3667) | |
| Porkuni | Sweden (Östergötland) | T. bicarinata (186269) | |
| Porkuni | Estonia (Lääne-Viru) | T. minus, T. panderi, T. peraltum (87313) | |
| Hirnantian | China (Guizhou) | T. sp. (25736) | |
| Silurian | USA (Alaska) | T. sp. (111790 111808 111813) | |
| Rhuddanian | China (Guizhou) | T. sp. (27888) | |
| Juuru | Estonia | T. sp. (172929) | |
| Aeronian | United Kingdom (England) | T. valenticum (56397) | |
| Aeronian | Norway (Oslo) | T. sp. (49984) | |
| Aeronian | United Kingdom (Wales) | T. valenticum (56396) | |
| Telychian | China (Jiangsu) | T. fragile (56661) | |
| Telychian | United Kingdom (England) | T. valenticum (49635) | |
| Wenlock | USA (Wisconsin) | T. sp. (13353) | |
| Wenlock | China (Jiangsu) | T. sp. (27751) | |
| Gorstian | Czech Republic | T. sp. (14104) | |
| Gorstian | Australia (Victoria) | T. sp. (8038) | |
| Middle Devonian | USA (Alaska) | T. sp. (111900) | |
| Frasnian | Poland | T. sp. (82658) | |
| Capitanian | Cambodia | T. cambodgensis (107282) |