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Turbo

Gastropoda - Turbinidae

Taxonomy
Turbo was named by Linnaeus (1758) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-u R]. It is extant. Its type is Turbo petholatus.

It was assigned to Turbinidae by Stanton (1895), Woodring (1928), Woodring (1957), Weisbord (1962), Ladd (1966), Olsson (1967), Ladd (1982) and Todd (2001); to Archaeogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Turbininae by Rafinesque (1815), MacNeil (1960), Wilson (1993), Harzhauser (2004), Bouchet et al. (2005) and Landau and Marques da Silva (2010).

Species
T. (Callopoma), T. (Carswellena), T. (Chaenoturbo), T. (Dinassivica), T. (Euninella), T. (Lunatica), T. (Lunella), T. (Marmarostoma), T. (Ninella), T. (Olearia), T. (Sarmaticus), T. (Senectus), T. (Subninella), T. (Taeniaturbo), T. (Turbo), T. abbreviatus, T. agonistes, T. alpinus, T. angustus, T. biliratus, T. bozasi, T. bruneus (syn. T. ticaonicus, T. concinnus, Senectus necnivosus, Lunatica squamosa), T. cinerea, T. cochlearis, T. colusaensis, T. conformis, T. corallii, T. denticulatus, T. elevatus, T. ellipticus, T. eurymedon, T. fakaauensis, T. fallax, T. festivus, T. gerannae, T. gigas, T. granulatus, T. haudcarinatus (syn. T. satyrus), T. haynesi, T. helicinoides, T. hybridus, T. inflatus, T. intermedius, T. jaschianus, T. laminiferus (syn. T. foliaceus, T. squamosus), T. licas, T. lorinae, T. magister, T. mantelli, T. marmoratus, T. multistriatus, T. naricus, T. nodulosocancellatus, T. obliquus, T. orthostoma, T. ozawai, T. pendjabensis, T. perspeciosus (syn. T. speciosus), T. petraea, T. philippi, T. philippii, T. picteti, T. portentus, T. protocepoides, T. pseudoundulatus, T. pulcher, T. radiosus, T. regius, T. saltus, T. sarmaticus, T. semiplicatilis, T. serratus, T. squamulosus, T. subaciculus, T. subcarinatus (syn. T. tricingulatus, T. bicingulatus, T. tricarinatus, T. strigillatus), T. tenuicingulatus, T. thouvignoni, T. topangensis, T. torosus, T. torquatus, T. trilineatus, T. trimarginata, T. trunensis, T. undulatus, T. vermiculosus, T. versicolor, T. vixcarinatus (syn. T. melania), T. wilburensis, T. zarcoi, T. zonatus
Species lacking formal opinion data
T. hosodai, T. reticularis, T. sanoi, T. thouvignoi, T. yoshiharuyabei

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Turbo Linnaeus
1815Turbo Rafinesque p. 144
1895Turbo Stanton p. 64
1928Turbo Woodring p. 408
1957Turbo Woodring
1960Turbo MacNeil p. 31
1962Turbo Weisbord p. 84
1966Turbo Ladd p. 47
1967Turbo Olsson p. 43
1982Turbo Ladd p. 27
1993Turbo Wilson p. 104
2001Turbo Todd
2002Turbo Sepkoski
2004Turbo Harzhauser p. 109
2005Turbo Bouchet et al. pp. 178, 245
2010Turbo Landau and Marques da Silva p. 13

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
RankNameAuthor
classGastropoda
subclassVetigastropoda(Salvini-Plawen 1980)
superfamilyTrochoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyTurbinidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyTurbininaeRafinesque 1815
genusTurboLinnaeus 1758

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Turbo Linnaeus 1758
show all | hide all
Subg. †Turbo (Carswellena) Iredale 1931
Subg. †Turbo (Chaenoturbo) McLean 1970
+
†Turbo (Chaenoturbo) mazatlanicus Pilsbry and Lowe 1932
Subg. †Turbo (Dinassivica) Iredale 1937
+
+
Invalid names: Turbo militaris Reeve 1848 [synonym]
Subg. Turbo (Euninella) Cotton 1939
+
Subg. Turbo (Lunatica) Röding 1798
+
†Lunella cinerea Born 1778
+
Invalid names: Turbo mespilus Gmelin 1791 [synonym], Turbo porcatus Reeve 1848 [synonym], Turbo porphyrites Gmelin 1791 [synonym]
Subg. Turbo (Marmarostoma) Swainson 1829
+
Subg. Marmorostoma (Batillus) Schumacher 1817
+
†Turbo (Batillus) priscus Ozawa and Tomida 1996
+
Invalid names: Turbo canaliculatus Reeve 1848 [synonym]
Subg. Turbo (Ninella) Gray 1850
+
†Turbo (Ninella) desidiosus Rovereto 1914
+
Invalid names: Turbo (Ninella) multicincta Sacco 1896 [synonym]
Subg. Turbo (Olearia) Herrmannsen 1847
Subg. Turbo (Senectus) Swainson 1840
+
+
Invalid names: Turbo (Marmarostoma) ayersi Olsson 1967 [synonym], Turbo crenulatoides Maury 1917 [synonym], Turbo crenulatus Gmelin 1791 [synonym], Turbo moltkianus Gmelin 1791 [synonym]
†Turbo (Senectus) mounti Schremp 1981
Subg. Turbo (Subninella) Thiel 1929
+
†Subninella undulata Lightfoot 1786
Subg. Turbo (Taeniaturbo) Woodring 1928
+
Subg. Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus 1758
+
†Turbo abbreviatus Klipstein 1843
Turbo agonistes Dall and Oschner 1928
†Turbo alpinus Winckler 1861
†Turbo angustus Klipstein 1843
†Turbo biliratus Conrad 1848
†Turbo bozasi Basse 1930
†Turbo bruneus Röding 1798
+
Invalid names: Lunatica squamosa Röding 1798 [synonym], Senectus necnivosus Iredale 1929 [synonym], Turbo concinnus Philippi 1846 [synonym], Turbo ticaonicus Reeve 1842 [synonym]
†Turbo cochlearis Braun 1841
†Turbo colusaensis Stanton 1895
†Turbo conformis Perner 1903
†Turbo corallii de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
†Turbo denticulatus Lamarck 1804
†Turbo elevatus Gabb 1870
†Turbo ellipticus Klipstein 1843
†Turbo eurymedon Laube 1869
†Turbo fakaauensis Troendle and Letourneux 2012
†Turbo fallax Lepsius 1878
†Turbo festivus Anderson 1938
†Turbo gerannae Münster 1841
†Turbo gigas Imlay 1940
†Turbo granulatus Gmelin 1791
†Turbo haudcarinatus Münster 1841
+
Invalid names: Turbo satyrus Laube 1869 [synonym]
†Turbo haynesi Preston 1914
†Turbo helicinoides Lamarck 1804
†Turbo hybridus Münster 1841
†Turbo inflatus Münster 1840
†Turbo intermedius Münster 1841
†Turbo jaschianus Klipstein 1843
†Turbo laminiferus Reeve 1848
+
Invalid names: Turbo foliaceus Philippi 1846 [synonym], Turbo squamosus Gray 1847 [synonym]
†Turbo licas Brosamlen 1909
†Turbo lorinae Lepsius 1878
†Turbo magister Perner 1903
†Turbo mantelli Leymerie 1842
†Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus 1758
†Turbo multistriatus Böckh 1874
†Turbo naricus Vredenburg 1928
†Turbo nodulosocancellatus Klipstein 1843
†Turbo obliquus Jenkins 1864
†Turbo orthostoma Kittl 1894
†Turbo ozawai Otuka 1938
†Turbo pendjabensis d'Archiac and Haime 1853
†Turbo perspeciosus Iredale 1929
+
Invalid names: Turbo speciosus Reeve 1848 [synonym]
†Turbo petraea Münster 1840
†Turbo philippi Klipstein 1843
†Turbo philippii Klipstein 1843
†Turbo picteti Stoppani 1865
†Turbo portentus White 1887
†Turbo protocepoides Vredenburg 1928
†Turbo pseudoundulatus Vredenburg 1928
†Turbo pulcher Reeve 1842
†Turbo radiosus Lamarck 1804
†Turbo regius Gabb 1870
†Turbo saltus Olsson 1922
Turbo sarmaticus Linnaeus 1758
†Turbo semiplicatilis Klipstein 1843
†Turbo serratus Stephenson 1953
†Turbo squamulosus Lamarck 1804
†Turbo subaciculus Seguenza 1885
†Turbo subcarinatus Münster 1841
+
Invalid names: Turbo bicingulatus Münster 1841 [synonym], Turbo strigillatus Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Turbo tricarinatus Münster 1841 [synonym], Turbo tricingulatus Klipstein 1843 [synonym]
†Turbo tenuicingulatus Klipstein 1843
†Turbo thouvignoni Magne and Saubade 1971
†Turbo topangensis Arnold 1907
†Turbo torosus Kirchner 1915
†Turbo torquatus Gmelin 1791
†Turbo trilineatus Stanton 1895
†Turbo trimarginata d'Eichwald 1856
†Turbo trunensis Böhm 1891
†Turbo undulatus Lightfoot 1786
†Turbo vermiculosus Dall and Oschner 1928
†Turbo versicolor Gmelin 1791
†Turbo vixcarinatus Münster 1841
+
Invalid names: Turbo melania Münster 1841 [synonym]
†Turbo wilburensis Stanton 1895
†Turbo zarcoi De Verneuil
†Turbo zonatus Kirchner 1915
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
shell height1012.02.8020.615.76.20

Composition: aragonitec
Entire body: yesg
Adult width: 10 to < 100g
Adult height: 10 to < 100g
Thickness: intermediateg
Folds: noneg
Ribbing: minorg
Spines: minorg
Internal reinforcement: noneg
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: grazerf
Vision: limitedc
Comments: DIMENSIONS & MORPHOLOGY: Based on ten randomly selected figured species.g
Created: 2009-03-16 10:38:22
Modified: 2009-03-16 12:38:22
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Abbott and Dance 1986, Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ladinian to the top of the Holocene or 242.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma

Collections (408 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Slovakia T. vixcarinatus (23867)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Italy T. eurymedon (164208)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Hungary (Bakony) T. eurymedon (203199) T. haudcarinatus (203267)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4Germany T. alpinus (202142)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4USA (Alaska) T. sp. (40672)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Italy (Belluno) T. sp. (207477)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Italy T. eurymedon (69666) T. nodulosocancellatus (146390) T. orthostoma (50959 163817) T. semiplicatilis (146391) T. sp. (34692 69661) T. subcarinatus (144634) T. subcarinatus, T. bicingulatus, T. tricarinatus, T. haudcarinatus, T. vixcarinatus, T. melania, T. gerannae, T. cochlearis, T. intermedius, T. hybridus (137429) T. subcarinatus, T. eurymedon, T. haudcarinatus, T. vixcarinatus, T. orthostoma (144631) T. tricingulatus, T. strigillatus, T. abbreviatus (146389) T. tricingulatus, T. strigillatus, T. abbreviatus, T. angustus, T. ellipticus, T. jaschianus, T. philippi, T. tenuicingulatus (145649)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Italy (Trento) T. solitarius (231838)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56USA (Nevada) T. regius (33202)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56USA (Alaska) T. sp. (112243)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6USA (Alaska) T. sp. (97816)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy T. picteti (204952) T. sp., T. picteti (204975)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy (Lombardy) T. sp. (38083)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy (Trento) T. lorinae, T. fallax (232118) T. solitarius (232113)
Angulata201.3 - 196.5France (Lorraine) T. rotundatus, T. gemmatus (53947)
Early/Lower Hettangian201.3 - 196.5France T. sp. (39215)
Planorbis201.3 - 196.5France T. sp. (39380)
Oxynotum196.5 - 189.6Canada (Northwest Territories) T. sp. (133092)
Pliensbachian190.8 - 182.7Greenland T. sp. (161207 161208)
Early/Lower Pliensbachian189.6 - 183.0Italy (Messina) T. subaciculus (173593)