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Pentaceratops sternbergii
Taxonomy
Pentaceratops sternbergii was named by Osborn (1923). Its type specimen is AMNH 6325, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Pentaceratops type, AMNH loc. 12863, which is in a Campanian terrestrial horizon in the Fruitland Formation of New Mexico.
It was corrected as Pentaceratops sternbergi by Lehman (1998), Williamson (1999), Longrich (2010) and Fry (2015); it was misspelled as Pentaceratops sternbergi by Hunt and Lucas (2003), Sullivan and Lucas (2003), Dodson et al. (2004), Sullivan and Lucas (2004), Farke (2004), Sullivan et al. (2005), Diem and Archibald (2005), Fowler and Sullivan (2006), Lucas et al. (2006), Wu et al. (2007), Ryan (2007), Hunt and Lehman (2008), Sullivan and Lucas (2011), Farke (2011), Farke et al. (2011), Loewen et al. (2013), Currie and Koppelhus (2014), Longrich (2014), Lund et al. (2016) and Fowler and Freedman Fowler (2020).
It was corrected as Pentaceratops sternbergi by Lehman (1998), Williamson (1999), Longrich (2010) and Fry (2015); it was misspelled as Pentaceratops sternbergi by Hunt and Lucas (2003), Sullivan and Lucas (2003), Dodson et al. (2004), Sullivan and Lucas (2004), Farke (2004), Sullivan et al. (2005), Diem and Archibald (2005), Fowler and Sullivan (2006), Lucas et al. (2006), Wu et al. (2007), Ryan (2007), Hunt and Lehman (2008), Sullivan and Lucas (2011), Farke (2011), Farke et al. (2011), Loewen et al. (2013), Currie and Koppelhus (2014), Longrich (2014), Lund et al. (2016) and Fowler and Freedman Fowler (2020).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1923 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Osborn p. 3 fig. 1 |
| 1924 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Reeside, Jr. p. 21 |
| 1930 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Hay p. 230 |
| 1930 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Russell p. 156 |
| 1930 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Wiman p. 4 |
| 1930 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Wiman pp. 4-5 |
| 1933 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Lull p. 108 |
| 1933 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Lull p. 111 |
| 1935 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Gilmore p. 163 |
| 1935 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Gilmore p. 163 |
| 1942 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Wiman p. 237–238 fig. 1 |
| 1946 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Gray p. 797 |
| 1946 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Gray p. 797 |
| 1949 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Lull and Gray p. 496 |
| 1949 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Sternberg p. 42 fig. 1 |
| 1964 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Kuhn p. 58 |
| 1964 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Kuhn p. 58 |
| 1964 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Tatarinov p. 585 |
| 1964 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Tatarinov p. 587 |
| 1973 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Powell p. 118 |
| 1973 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Powell p. 118 |
| 1976 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Sloan p. 137 |
| 1980 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Wolberg p. 33 |
| 1981 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Lehman p. 198 |
| 1981 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Mateer pp. 50-51 |
| 1981 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Rowe et al. |
| 1984 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Hunt p. 83 |
| 1986 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Tokaryk p. 195 |
| 1989 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Lehman p. 157 |
| 1990 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Dodson and Currie p. 612 |
| 1990 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Lehman p. 225 |
| 1990 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Wolberg and Bellis p. 36 |
| 1990 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Wolberg and Bellis p. 36 |
| 1992 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Hunt and Lucas p. 231 |
| 1992 | Pentaceratops fenestratus Hunt et al. p. 242 |
| 1992 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Hunt et al. p. 243 |
| 1993 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Forster and Sereno p. 14 |
| 1993 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Hunt and Lucas p. 80 |
| 1993 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Lehman p. 279 |
| 1996 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Lehman p. 500 |
| 1997 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Ryan p. 257 |
| 1998 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Lehman p. 895 |
| 1999 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Williamson p. 44 |
| 2003 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Hunt and Lucas p. 385 |
| 2003 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Sullivan and Lucas p. 102A |
| 2004 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Dodson et al. p. 496 |
| 2004 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Farke p. 4 |
| 2004 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Sullivan and Lucas p. 120A |
| 2005 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Diem and Archibald p. 254 |
| 2005 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Sullivan et al. p. 398 |
| 2006 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Fowler and Sullivan p. 127 |
| 2006 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Lucas et al. p. 367 |
| 2007 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Ryan p. 392 |
| 2007 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Wu et al. p. 1260 |
| 2008 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Hunt and Lehman p. 1129 |
| 2010 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Longrich p. 681 |
| 2011 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Farke p. 4 |
| 2011 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Farke et al. p. 699 |
| 2011 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Sullivan and Lucas p. 431 |
| 2013 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Loewen et al. p. 501 |
| 2014 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Currie and Koppelhus p. 1035 |
| 2014 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Longrich p. 294–295 |
| 2015 | Pentaceratops sternbergi Fry p. 15 |
| 2016 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Lund et al. p. 6 |
| 2020 | Pentaceratops sternbergii Fowler and Freedman Fowler |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Pentaceratops sternbergii Osborn 1923
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Invalid names: Pentaceratops fenestratus Wiman 1930 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| T. M. Lehman 1993 | Large chasmosaurine with long squamosals having numerous (8-12) pronounced marginal undulations with epoccipitals, a slender strap-like parietal with indented medial posterior margin and moderately sized elongate fenestrae, several very large parietal epoccipitals including a pair of upturned epoccipitals on the midline dorsal surface of the posterior part of the parietal, posteriorly directed jugals with large epijugal horncores, large anteriorly curved supraorbital horncores, a relatively deep rostrum. | |
| T. M. Lehman 1996 | Large chasmosaurine with long, straight, and squamosals possessing numerous (generally 8-10) pronounced marginal undulations with or without attached epoccipitals, a slender strap-like parietal with indented medial posterior margin and elongate fenestrae of moderate size, several very large triangular posterior parietal epoccipitals, a pair of upturned epoccipitals on the midline dorsal surface of the posterior part of the parietal, large epijugals, large anteriorly curved supraorbital horncores arising directly over the orbits, a deep face with posteriorly directed jugals. The anterior curvature of the supraorbital horncores, straight tapering squamosal, and configuration of the posterior parietal margin distinguishes P. sternbergii from Chasmosaurus mariscalensis. | |
| T. M. Lehman 1998 | Large chasmosaurine with long, straight, and narrow squamosals possessing eight to 10 pronounced marginal undulations with or without attached epoccipitals, a slender strap-like parietal with indented medial posterior margin and large elongate fenestrae, two very large triangular posterior parietal epoccipitals and a pair of upturned epoccipitals on the midline dorsal surface of the posterior part of the parietal, large curved epijugal horncores with posteriorly directed jugals, large anteriorly curved supraorbital horncores arising directly over the orbits, and a deep face with fingerlike posterior process of the premaxillary on the nasal. | |
| N. R. Longrich 2014 | Pentaceratops characterized by the following derived features: strong medial emargination of parietal, lateral rami of posterior bar meeting at an angle of 60, and with the
middle of the posterior bar lying ahead of the ends of the parietals. P1 curved anterodorsally to lie over frill; lateral episquamosals enlarged, >100 mm in length. Note that all of these features occur in Utahceratops gettyi. | |
| D. W. Fowler and E. A. Freedman Fowler 2020 | Chasmosaurine ceratopsid characterized by the following combination of characters (modified from Lehman, 1998; and Longrich, 2014): Posterior bar of the parietal M-shaped, with well-developed median embayment. Arches of the M-shape angular,with apex of arch occurring at locus ep2. Anteroposterior thickness of the parietal posterior bar uniform (or nearly so) from medial to lateral. Three large subtriangular epiparietals. Ep1 curved dorsally or anterodorsally and sometimes twisted such that the base of the epiparietal contacts the posterior margin of the frill laterally, and lies on the dorsal surface of the frill medially. Parietal median bar with slender ovoid cross section. Frill long and narrow, broader anteriorly than posteriorly. Posteriormost episquamosal enlarged relative to penultimate episquamosal. Parietal fenestrae subangular in shape. Postorbital horns present and relatively slender, curving anteriorly (at least in adults). Epijugal spikelike, more elongate than in other chasmosaurines, curving ventrally. Nasal horn positioned over the naris. Can be distinguished from Chasmosaurus by the following characters: Lateral rami of the parietal posterior bar meet medially at <90°, rather than >90°(although one specimen of "C. russelli", CMN 8803 bears an angle of 87°). Ep1 occurs within the embayment of the parietal posterior bar, rather than at the lateral edges of the embayment ("C. russelli") or as an elongate ridge occupying most of the lateral ramus (C.belli/sp.). Ep1 typically curved anteriorly and oriented anterolaterally, rather than pointingposteriorly. Ep2 oriented to point posteriorly rather than posterolaterally. Ep2 triangular and symmetrical (or nearly so) rather than asymmetrical. Posteriormost point of the parietal posterior bar (apex of the curved lateral ramus) occurs at locus ep2 rather thanep1. Maximum point of constriction for the parietal median bar occurs approximately halfway along its length, rather than within the posterior third. Frill broader anteriorly than posteriorly. Nasal horn positioned over the naris rather than 50% or more positioned posterior to the naris. Premaxillary flange restricted to dorsal margin of premaxilla, rather than along entire anterior margin of external naris. Postorbital horns elongate and anteriorly curved (in large individuals assumed to represent adults), rather than abbreviated, resorbed, and/or curved posteriorly (adapted from Forster et al., 1993; Maidment & Barrett, 2011; Longrich, 2014). Can be distinguished from Utahceratops gettyi by the following characters: nasal horn more anterior than U. gettyi, being positioned over the naris rather than posterior to the naris. Postorbital horns elongate and anteriorly oriented (in large individuals assumed to represent adults), rather than abbreviated or resorbed and oriented anterolaterally. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Norman and Weishampel 1991, Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995 | |||||
Age range: Late/Upper Campanian or 83.50000 to 70.60000 Ma
Collections (5 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | Pentaceratops fenestratus (39231) Pentaceratops sternbergii (type locality: 39229 196511 222481) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (Colorado) | Chasmosaurinae indet. (76715) |