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Procolophonia
Taxonomy
Procolophonia was named by Seeley (1888) [Whether the taxon is extinct or not depends on exlusion or inclusion of turtles, respectively.]. It is not extant. Its type is Procolophonoidea. It was considered monophyletic by Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Lee (1997).
It was reranked as the order Procolophonia by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Roxo (1937), Huene (1954), Olson (1962) and Olson (1966); it was reranked as the order Procolophonii by Jaekel (1910); it was corrected as Procolophonii by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the infraorder Procolophonia by Haughton and Brink (1954); it was reranked as the unranked clade Procolophonia by Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995), deBraga and Reisz (1996), Lee (1997), Reisz and Scott (2002) and Modesto and Damiani (2003).
It was assigned to Diaptosauria by Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); to Protorosauria by Jaekel (1910); to Gephyrostegi by Jaekel (1911); to Cotylosauria by Broom (1913); to Cotylosauria by Roxo (1937); to Diadecta by Olson (1947); to Reptiliomorphoidea by Huene (1954); to Diadectimorpha by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Anapsida by Olson (1966); to Diadectomorpha by Kuhn (1966); to Cotylosauria by Daly (1973), Colbert and Kitching (1975) and Lavina (1983); to Captorhinida by Carroll (1988); to Amniota by Gauthier et al. (1989); to Parareptilia by Olson (1962), Gauthier et al. (1988) and Laurin and Reisz (1995); to Ankyramorpha by deBraga and Reisz (1996); to Procolophonomorpha by Lee (1997); to Helpme by Small (1997); to Parareptilia by Reisz and Scott (2002) and Modesto and Damiani (2003); and to Procolophonida by Ivakhnenko (2008).
It was reranked as the order Procolophonia by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Roxo (1937), Huene (1954), Olson (1962) and Olson (1966); it was reranked as the order Procolophonii by Jaekel (1910); it was corrected as Procolophonii by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the infraorder Procolophonia by Haughton and Brink (1954); it was reranked as the unranked clade Procolophonia by Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995), deBraga and Reisz (1996), Lee (1997), Reisz and Scott (2002) and Modesto and Damiani (2003).
It was assigned to Diaptosauria by Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); to Protorosauria by Jaekel (1910); to Gephyrostegi by Jaekel (1911); to Cotylosauria by Broom (1913); to Cotylosauria by Roxo (1937); to Diadecta by Olson (1947); to Reptiliomorphoidea by Huene (1954); to Diadectimorpha by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Anapsida by Olson (1966); to Diadectomorpha by Kuhn (1966); to Cotylosauria by Daly (1973), Colbert and Kitching (1975) and Lavina (1983); to Captorhinida by Carroll (1988); to Amniota by Gauthier et al. (1989); to Parareptilia by Olson (1962), Gauthier et al. (1988) and Laurin and Reisz (1995); to Ankyramorpha by deBraga and Reisz (1996); to Procolophonomorpha by Lee (1997); to Helpme by Small (1997); to Parareptilia by Reisz and Scott (2002) and Modesto and Damiani (2003); and to Procolophonida by Ivakhnenko (2008).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1888 | Procolophonia Seeley p. 383 |
1903 | Procolophonia Osborn p. 456 |
1904 | Procolophonia Osborn p. 108 |
1910 | Procolophonii Jaekel p. 332 |
1911 | Procolophonii Jaekel p. 138 |
1913 | Procolophonia Broom |
1937 | Procolophonia Roxo p. 43 |
1947 | Procolophonia Olson pp. 44, 45 |
1954 | Procolophonia Haughton and Brink p. 3 |
1954 | Procolophonia Huene p. 21 |
1962 | Procolophonia Olson p. 95 |
1966 | Procolophonia Kuhn p. 16 |
1966 | Procolophonia Olson p. 301 |
1973 | Procolophonia Daly p. 586 |
1975 | Procolophonia Colbert and Kitching p. 3 |
1983 | Procolophonia Lavina p. 53 |
1988 | Procolophonia Carroll |
1988 | Procolophonia Gauthier et al. p. 139 fig. 4.4 |
1989 | Procolophonia Gauthier et al. p. 340 fig. 5 |
1995 | Procolophonia Laurin and Reisz p. 172 |
1995 | Procolophoniformes Lee pp. 508, 511 fig. 22 |
1996 | Procolophonia deBraga and Reisz p. 385 |
1997 | Procolophonia Lee pp. 256, 260 fig. 22 |
1997 | Procolophonia Small p. 674 |
2002 | Procolophonia Reisz and Scott p. 244 |
2003 | Procolophonia Modesto and Damiani p. 54 |
2008 | Procolophonia Ivakhnenko p. 51 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Procolophonia Seeley 1888
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Unr. †Hallucicrania Lee 1995
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Fm. †Lanthanosuchidae Efremov 1940
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G. †Lanthanosuchus Efremov 1940
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†Lanthanosuchus watsoni Efremov 1946
Invalid names: Lanthanosuchus qualeni Efremov 1940 [nomen nudum]
Superfm. †Pareiasauroidea Nopsca 1928
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Unr. †Pareiasauria Seeley 1888
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G. †Anthodon Owen 1876
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†Anthodon serrarius Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Anthodon minusculus Haughton 1932 [synonym], Propappus parvus Haughton 1913 [synonym]
G. †Bradysaurus Watson 1914
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†Bradysaurus baini Seeley 1892
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Invalid names: Platyoropha broomi Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
†Bradysaurus seeleyi Haughton and Boonstra 1929
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Invalid names: Bradysaurus vanderbyli Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bradysaurus whaitsi Broom 1914 [nomen dubium], Bradysuchus Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Platyoropha Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
G. †Nochelesaurus Haughton and Boonstra 1929
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†Nochelesaurus alexanderi Haughton and Boonstra 1929
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Invalid names: Brachypareia watsoni Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Dolichopareia angusta Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dolichopareia Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
Fm. †Pareiasauridae Lydekker 1889
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G. †Deltavjatia Lebedev 1987
G. †Provelosaurus Lee 1997
G. †Sanchuansaurus Gao 1989
G. †Shihtienfenia Young and Yeh 1963
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Invalid names: Huanghesaurus Gao 1983 [synonym], Shansisaurus Cheng 1980 [synonym]
G. †Pareiasaurus Owen 1876
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†Pareiasaurus serridens Owen
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Invalid names: Anthodon gregoryi Broom 1930 [synonym], Anthodon nesemanni Broom 1940 [synonym], Pareiasaurus minor Seeley 1892 [synonym], Pareiasaurus pinnatus Olson and Broom 1937 [synonym], Pareiasaurus rubidgei Broom 1940 [synonym], Propappus omocratus Seeley [synonym], Propappus rogersi Broom 1912 [synonym]
†Pareiasaurus whaitsi Broom 1914
Invalid names: Brachypareia Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Pareiasaurus henneni Case 1917 [nomen dubium], Propappus Seeley 1888 [synonym]
G. †Pareiasuchus Broom and Haughton 1913
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†Pareiasuchus nasicornis Haughton and Boonstra 1929
†Pareiasuchus peringueyi Broom and Haughton 1913
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Invalid names: Pareiasaurus pulcher Broom 1935 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bradysauridae von Huene 1948 [empty], Koalemasaurus Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus acutirostris Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus bombidens Owen 1876 [nomen vanum], Pareiasaurus russouwi Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus steenkampensis Seeley 1908 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus strubeni Broom 1924 [nomen dubium], Rhipaeosauridae Chudinov 1955 [empty]
Invalid names: Procolophoniformes Lee 1995 [synonym], Testudinomorpha Laurin and Reisz 1995 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available