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Belemnoidea (belemnite)
Taxonomy
Belemnoidea was named by Hyatt (1884). It is not extant.
It was reranked as the unranked clade Belemnoidea by Boyle and Rodhouse (2005).
It was assigned to Teuthomorpha by Kretzoi (1942); to Belemnitida by Spath (1947); and to Coleoidea by Doyle et al. (1994) and Boyle and Rodhouse (2005).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Belemnoidea by Boyle and Rodhouse (2005).
It was assigned to Teuthomorpha by Kretzoi (1942); to Belemnitida by Spath (1947); and to Coleoidea by Doyle et al. (1994) and Boyle and Rodhouse (2005).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1884 | Belemnoidea Hyatt |
| 1942 | Belemnoidea Kretzoi p. 134 |
| 1947 | Belemnoidea Spath |
| 1994 | Belemnoidea Doyle et al. p. 6 |
| 2005 | Belemnoidea Boyle and Rodhouse p. 343 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Belemnoidea Hyatt 1884 [belemnite]
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Or. †Aulacoceratida Stolley 1919 [belemnite]
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Fm. †Palaeobelemnopsidae Chen 1982 [belemnite]
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G. †Palaeobelemnopsis Chen 1982
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†Palaeobelemnopsis minor Chen 1982
†Palaeobelemnopsis sinensis Chen 1982
Fm. †Xiphoteuthididae Naef 1922 [belemnite]
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G. †Atractites Guembel 1861
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†Atractites alveolaris Quenstedt 1845
†Atractites ausseeanus Mojsisovics 1871
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Invalid names: Orthoceras alveolare von Hauer 1847 [synonym]
†Atractites bacchilidis Tommasi 1899
†Atractites bithynicus Arthaber 1915
†Atractites boeckhi Stuerzenbaum 1876
†Atractites clavatulus Smith 1914
†Atractites conicus Mojsisovics 1871
†Atractites elegans Smith 1914
†Atractites ladinus Salomon 1895
†Atractites mallyi Toula 1896
†Atractites meneghinii Salomon 1895
†Atractites obeliscus Mojsisovics 1869
†Atractites secundus Mojsisovics 1869
†Atractites smithii Diener 1907
†Atractites solidus Smith 1914
†Atractites subrotundus Salomon 1895
†Atractites subundatus Münster 1841
Invalid names: Ausseites Flower 1944 [synonym], Choanoteuthis Fischer 1951 [synonym], Xiphoteuthis Huxley 1864 [synonym]
G. †Metabelemnites
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†Metabelemnites philippii Hyatt and Smith 1905
Invalid names: Belemnococeras Popov 1964 [synonym]
G. †Mojsisovicsteuthis Jeletzky 1966
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†Mojsisovicsteuthis convergens Hauer 1847
†Mojsisovicsteuthis ellipticus Mojsisovics 1871
G. †Zugmontites
Invalid names: Atractitidae Jeletzky 1965 [synonym]
Or. †Belemnitida Zittel 1895 [belemnite]
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G. †Arcobelus
G. †Bayanoteuthis
G. †Belemnella
G. †Belemnellocamax
Subor. †Belemnitina Zittel 1895 [belemnite]
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Fm. †Belemnitidae d'Orbigny 1845
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G. †Acroteuthis Stolley 1911
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†Acroteuthis aboriginalis Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis barrana Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis divergens Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis impressa Gabb 1864
†Acroteuthis kernensis Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis kewana Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis macarthyensis Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis mitchelli Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis onoensis Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis shastensis Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis watsonensis Anderson 1945
†Acroteuthis wilcoxi Anderson 1938
†Acroteuthis winslowensis Anderson 1938
G. †Actinoconites Steinmann 1910
G. †Prototeuthis Lemoine 1915
Fm. †Hastitidae Naef 1922 [belemnite]
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G. †Bairstowius Jeletzky 1994
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†Bairstowius junceus Phillips 1867
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Invalid names: Hastites junceus Phillips 1927 [synonym], Pseudohastites arundineus Lang 1928 [synonym]
G. †Hastites Meyer-Eymar 1883
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†Hastites fustiformis Lang 1928
†Hastites microstylus Phillips 1867
†Hastites spadixari Simpson 1855
†Hastites stonebarroensis Lang 1928
Invalid names: Rhopalobelus Pavlov 1914 [synonym]
G. †Hungarosepia Doyle et al. 1994
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†Hungarosepia hungarica Lèrenthey 1898
†Hungarosepia naefi Szôrényi 1934
Invalid names: Archaeosepia [replaced]
G. †Pleurobelus
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†Pleurobelus compressus Stahl 1824
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Invalid names: Belemnites fournelianus d'Orbigny 1843 [synonym]
†Pleurobelus lagenaeformis Hartmann 1832
†Pleurobelus subirregularis Lissajous 1927
G. †Rhabdobelus
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†Rhabdobelus avena Dumortier 1866
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Invalid names: Dicoelites avena Mayer 1920 [synonym], Pseudobelus avena Dumortier 1925 [synonym], Rhabdobelus exilis Orbigny 1971 [synonym], Rhabdobelus serpulatus Quenstedt 1971 [synonym]
†Rhabdobelus donovani Riegraf 1998
G. †Subhastites Gustomesov 1977
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†Subhastites pseudoclavatus Gustomesov 1977
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Invalid names: Belemnites clavatus Schlotheim 1820 [synonym]
Fm. †Megateuthididae Sachs and Nalnjaeva 1967
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G. †Acrocoelites
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Subg. †Acrocoelites (Acrocoelites) Lissajous 1915
†Acrocoelites bobeti Lissajous 1927
†Acrocoelites brevisulcatus Quenstedt 1848
†Acrocoelites conoideus Oppel 1856
†Acrocoelites ilminstrensis Phillips 1867
†Acrocoelites inaequistriatus Simpson 1855
†Acrocoelites levidensis Simpson 1855
†Acrocoelites oxyconus Hehl 1831
†Acrocoelites pyramidalis Munster 1831
†Acrocoelites rostriformis Theodori 1837
†Acrocoelites subtenuis Simpson 1855
†Acrocoelites tripartitus von Schlotheim 1820
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Invalid names: Mesoteuthis banzensis Kolb 1942 [synonym]
†Acrocoelites vulgaris Young and Bird 1822
G. †Cuspiteuthis Abel 1916
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†Cuspiteuthis acuaria von Schlotheim 1820
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Invalid names: Youngibelus ohmdenensis Schlegelmilch 1998 [synonym]
†Cuspiteuthis tubularis Young and Bird 1822
G. †Dactyloteuthis
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†Dactyloteuthis digitalis Blainville 1827
†Dactyloteuthis incurvata Zieten 1831
†Dactyloteuthis irregularis von Schlotheim 1813
†Dactyloteuthis semistriata Muenster 1830
†Dactyloteuthis similis von Seebach 1864
†Dactyloteuthis wrighti Oppel 1856
G. †Paramegateuthis Gustomesov 1960
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†Paramegateuthis nescia Nalnjaeva 1988
†Paramegateuthis ovata de Lagausie and Dzyuba 2018
†Paramegateuthis schurygini Dzyuba 2018
†Paramegateuthis subishmensis Stoyanova-Vergilova 1983
Fm. †Nipponoteuthidae Iba et al. 2014
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Fm. †Passaloteuthididae Naef 1922 [belemnite]
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G. †Angeloteuthis Lang 1928
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†Angeloteuthis gabriel Lang 1928
†Angeloteuthis michael Lang 1928
†Angeloteuthis raphael Lang 1928
†Angeloteuthis uriel Lang 1928
G. †Clastoteuthis Lang 1928
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†Clastoteuthis abrupta Lang 1928
†Clastoteuthis stantonensis Lang 1928
G. †Passaloteuthis
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†Passaloteuthis apicicurvata Blainville 1827
†Passaloteuthis argillarum Lang 1928
†Passaloteuthis auricipitis Lang 1928
†Passaloteuthis bisulcata de Blainville 1827
†Passaloteuthis bruguieriana d'Orbigny 1842
†Passaloteuthis dayi Lang 1928
†Passaloteuthis elongata Miller 1826
†Passaloteuthis ima Lang 1928
†Passaloteuthis laevigata Zieten 1831
†Passaloteuthis milleri Phillips 1867
†Passaloteuthis ridgensis Lang 1928
†Passaloteuthis seatownensis Lang 1928
†Passaloteuthis stonebarroensis Lang 1928
†Passaloteuthis westhaiensis Lang 1928
†Passaloteuthis woottonensis Lang 1928
G. †Pseudohastites
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†Pseudohastites charmouthensis Mayer 1866
†Pseudohastites cultellus Lang 1928
†Pseudohastites longiformis Blake 1876
†Pseudohastites longissimus Miller 1826
G. †Schwegleria Riegraf 1980
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†Schwegleria feifeli Schwegler 1939
†Schwegleria praecox Schwegler 1939
†Schwegleria psilonoti Schwegler 1939
Fm. †Salpingoteuthididae Doyle 1992 [belemnite]
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G. †Salpingoteuthis
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†Salpingoteuthis dorsetensis Oppel 1856
†Salpingoteuthis tessoniana d'Orbigny 1843
†Salpingoteuthis trisulcata de Blainville 1827
Invalid names: Belemnoteuthidae Zittel 1885 [empty], Oxyteuthididae Stolley 1919 [empty]
G. †Belemnitina
G. †Belemnocamax
Subor. †Belemnopseina Jeletzky 1965 [belemnite]
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Fm. †Belemnitellidae Pavlov 1914 [belemnite]
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G. †Actinocamax Miller 1823
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†Actinocamax groenlandicus Birkelund 1956
†Actinocamax primus Arkhangelsky 1912
G. †Belemnitella d'Orbigny 1840
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†Belemnitella bulbosa Meek and Hayden 1856
†Belemnitella mucronata Schlotheim 1813
†Belemnitella propinqua Moberg 1885
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Invalid names: Actinocamax propinquus Moberg 1885 [objective synonym]
†Belemnitella quadrata Blainville 1827
†Belemnitella vera Miller 1823
Fm. †Belemnopseidae Naef 1922
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G. †Belemnopsis Bayle 1878
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†Belemnopsis aucklandica Hochstetter 1863
†Belemnopsis berryessae Anderson 1945
†Belemnopsis brownei Marshall 1909
†Belemnopsis cachensis Anderson 1945
†Belemnopsis californicus Anderson 1945
†Belemnopsis hochstetteri Hector 1929
†Belemnopsis mercurialis Anderson 1945
†Belemnopsis napaensis Anderson 1945
†Belemnopsis spiculoides Anderson 1945
†Belemnopsis sulcata Miller 1823
†Belemnopsis tomsensis Anderson 1945
Fm. †Dimitobelidae Whitehouse 1924 [belemnite]
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G. †Dimitobelus Whitehouse 1925
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Subg. †Dimitobelus (Dimitobelus) Whitehouse 1924
Subg. †Dimitobelus (Dimitocamax) Doyle 1988
Subg. †Dimitobelus (Tetrabelus)
†Dimitobelus diptycha M'Coy 1867
Invalid names: Cheirobelus Whitehouse 1924 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dicoelitidae Saks and Nal'nyaeva 1967 [empty], Pseudodicoelitidae Saks and Nal'nyaeva 1967 [empty]
Subor. †Belemnotheutididina Stolley 1919 [belemnite]
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Invalid names: Belemnotheutididae Zittel 1885 [empty]
Subor. †Belemnotheutina Stolley 1919 [belemnite]
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Fm. †Belemnotheutidae Zittel 1884 [belemnite]
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G. †Acanthoteuthis Wagner in Munster 1839
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†Acanthoteuthis antiquus Pearce 1847 [belemnite]
†Acanthoteuthis leichi Reitner 1986
†Acanthoteuthis mayri Engeser and Reitner 1981
†Acanthoteuthis polonica Markowski 1952
†Acanthoteuthis speciosa Munster 1839
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Invalid names: Acanthoteuthis ferussacii Munster 1839 [synonym], Acanthoteuthis lictensteinii Munster 1839 [synonym], Ostracoteuthis superba Zittel 1881 [synonym]
†Acanthoteuthis syriaca Roger 1944
Invalid names: Belemnoteuthis Pearce 1842 [synonym], Ostracoteuthis Zittel 1884 [synonym]
G. †Antarctiteuthis Doyle and Shakides 2004 [belemnite]
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†Antarctiteuthis donovani Doyle and Shakides 2004
Fm. †Sueviteuthidae Reitner and Engeser 1980
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G. †Sueviteuthis Reitner and Engeser 1982 [belemnite]
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†Sueviteuthis schlierbachensis Reitner and Engeser 1982
†Sueviteuthis zellensis Reitner and Engeser 1982 [belemnite]
G. †Belospirula
G. †Brachybelus
G. †Coeloteuthis
G. †Conodicoelites
G. †Dicoelites
G. †Eobelemnites Flower 1945
G. †Fusiteuthis
G. †Gastrobelus
G. †Gonioteuthis
G. †Homaloteuthis
G. †Lagonibelus
G. †Lenobelus
G. †Mesohibolites
G. †Mesoteuthis
G. †Nannobelus
G. †Neobelemnella
G. †Oxyteuthis
Subor. †Pachybelemnopseina Riegraf 1998
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Fm. †Duvaliidae Pavlow 1914 [belemnite]
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G. †Duvalia Bayle 1878
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†Duvalia didayana d'Orbigny 1843
†Duvalia dilatata Blainville 1825
†Duvalia grasiana Duval-Jouve 1841
†Duvalia hungarica Főzy et al. 2010 [Section HK-12, Hárskút, Közöskút Ravine, Bakony Mts, Hungary]
†Duvalia monsalvensis Gilliéron 1873
†Duvalia papretravinensis Fozy et al. 2013
G. †Produvalia Riegraf 1981
G. †Pseudobelus de Blainville 1827
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†Pseudobelus aptiensis Stolley 1913
†Pseudobelus coquandus d'Orbigny 1843
†Pseudobelus exilis d'Orbigny 1843
Fm. †Mesohibolitidae Nerodenko 1983
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G. †Conohibolites Janssen and Fozy 2005
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†Conohibolites escragnollensis Delattre 1952
†Conohibolites garshini Stoyanova-Vergilova 1965
†Conohibolites gladiiformis Uhlig 1883
G. †Curtohibolites
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†Curtohibolites pinguis Shvetsov 1913
†Curtohibolites wernsdorfensis Stoyanova-Vergilova 1963
G. †Hibolithes Montfort 1808
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†Hibolithes catlinensis Hector 1878
†Hibolithes jaculiformis Shvetsov 1913
Invalid names: Pseudohibolites Bliithgen 1936 [synonym]
G. †Pachyduvalia
G. †Pachyteuthis Bayle 1878
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†Pachyteuthis excentralis Young and Bird 1828
†Pachyteuthis souichii d'Orbigny 1843
G. †Parahastites
G. †Parahibolites
G. †Patagonibelus
G. †Peratobelus
G. †Praeoxyteuthis
G. †Pseudodicoelites
G. †Raphibelus
G. †Rhopaloteuthis
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†Rhopaloteuthis aenigmatica d'Orbigny 1843
†Rhopaloteuthis bzoviensis Zeuschner 1869
†Rhopaloteuthis sauvanausa d'Orbigny 1843
G. †Sachsibelus
G. †Simobelus
G. †Simpsonibelus
G. †Somalibelus
G. †Volgobelus
G. †Youngibelus
Invalid names: Auleracida [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Chesterian to the top of the Priabonian or 335.50000 to 33.90000 Ma
Collections (1594 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paleozoic | USA (Alaska) | Belemnites sp. (112515) Belemnitida indet. (112453 112530) | |
| Mississippian | USA (Oklahoma) | Eobelemnites canyense (215836) | |
| Chesterian | USA (Utah) | Belemnoidea indet. (84411) | |
| Roadian | USA (Utah) | Belemnitida indet. (11271) | |
| Roadian | USA (Idaho) | Belemnitida indets. (11285) | |
| Roadian | USA (Montana) | Belemnitida indet. (11280) | |
| Capitanian | Tunisia (Madanin) | Atractites sp. (42098) | |
| Wuchiapingian | USA (Idaho) | Belemnitida indet. (11283) | |
| Wuchiapingian | China (Hunan) | Palaeobelemnopsis sp. (150514) | |
| Lopingian | USA (Montana) | Belemnitida indet. (11275) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | North Pacific | Belemnitella sp. (209778) Dimitobelidae indet. (209777) Dimitobelus sp. (209776) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Belemnitella americana (48570 124937) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Mississippi) | Belemnitella americana (4142 4153 4158 4160 4164 4167 4170) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Texas) | Belemnitella americana (4406 4439 4510) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Netherlands (Limburg) | Belemnitella junior (116894) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Alabama) | Belemnitella americana (4178 4180 4184 4188 4195) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Belemnitella bulbosa (88510 88511) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Belgium | Belemnitella junior (160380 234153) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Carolina) | Belemnitella americana (83302) | |
| Priabonian | Italy | Archaeosepia monticulimajoris (81043) | |