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Bittium
Taxonomy
Bittium was named by Gray (1847) [Sepkoski's age data: T Dani R Sepkoski's reference number: 700]. It is extant. Its type is Murex reticulatus.
It was assigned to Cerithiopsinae by Hoerle (1972); to Cerithiidae by Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947), Addicott (1970) and Squires (1988); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); to Cerithiadae by Fleming (1828), Weisbord (1962), Ladd (1972), Shuto (1978), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Beu et al. (1990), Wilson (1993), Pacaud and Le Renard (1995), Todd (2001), Wienrich (2001), Harzhauser (2002) and Vera-Peláez et al. (2004); to Bittiinae by Cossmann (1906), Givens and Kennedy (1976) and Bouchet et al. (2005); and to Cerithiinae by Squires (1987) and Perrilliat et al. (2006).
It was assigned to Cerithiopsinae by Hoerle (1972); to Cerithiidae by Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947), Addicott (1970) and Squires (1988); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); to Cerithiadae by Fleming (1828), Weisbord (1962), Ladd (1972), Shuto (1978), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Beu et al. (1990), Wilson (1993), Pacaud and Le Renard (1995), Todd (2001), Wienrich (2001), Harzhauser (2002) and Vera-Peláez et al. (2004); to Bittiinae by Cossmann (1906), Givens and Kennedy (1976) and Bouchet et al. (2005); and to Cerithiinae by Squires (1987) and Perrilliat et al. (2006).
Species
B. (Bittium), B. (Brachybittium), B. (Cacozeliana), B. (Cerithidium), B. (Elachista), B. (Semibittium), B. (Stylidium), B. (Zebittium), B. arnoldi, B. bramkampi, B. cliffensis, B. deshayesi, B. howardi (syn. Cerithiopsis fasteni), B. koeneni, B. latreilli, B. longissimum, B. munitum, B. nugatorium, B. oamaruticum, B. oedumi, B. pabloensis, B. parvulum, B. preussi, B. quilonense, B. reticulatum, B. reticulatum, B. scotti, B. serenum, B. spina, B. topangensis (syn. Cerithium arnoldi, B. trampasensis, Cerithiopsis turneri), B. yaguense
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1828 | Bittium Fleming |
1847 | Bittium Gray |
1906 | Bittium Cossmann p. 137 |
1944 | Bittium Durham p. 165 |
1947 | Bittium Harris and Palmer p. 301 |
1962 | Bittium Weisbord p. 175 |
1970 | Bittium Addicott p. 52 |
1972 | Hoerle p. 14 |
1972 | Bittium Ladd p. 31 |
1976 | Bittium Givens and Kennedy p. 965 |
1978 | Bittium Shuto p. 150 |
1987 | Bittium Squires p. 29 |
1987 | Bittium Ward and Blackwelder p. 131 |
1988 | Bittium Squires p. 11 |
1990 | Bittium Beu et al. p. 406 |
1993 | Bittium Wilson p. 115 |
1995 | Bittium Pacaud and Le Renard p. 155 |
2001 | Bittium Todd |
2001 | Bittium Wienrich p. 415 |
2002 | Bittium Harzhauser p. 71 |
2002 | Bittium Sepkoski |
2004 | Bittium Vera-Peláez et al. p. 257 |
2005 | Bittium Bouchet et al. pp. 37, 248 |
2006 | Bittium Perrilliat et al. p. 154 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Bittium Gray 1847
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Subg. Bittium (Bittium) Gray 1847
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†Bittium (Bittium) estellensis Aldrich 1921
†Bittium (Bittium) paleonotum Stilwell et al. 2004
†Bittium (Bittium) samaranganum Martin 1884
Subg. †Bittium (Cacozeliana) Strand 1928
Subg. Bittium (Cerithidium) Monterosato 1884
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†Cerithidium plebeium Lozouet 1998
†Cerithidium submamillatum Rayneval and Ponzi 1854
Subg. Bittium (Elachista) Treitschke 1833
Bittium arnoldi Bartsch 1911
†Bittium bramkampi Durham 1944
†Bittium cliffensis Hanna 1927
†Bittium deshayesi Cerulli Irelli 1912
Bittium latreilli Ávila et al. 2009
†Bittium longissimum Cooper 1894
Bittium munitum Carpenter 1864
†Bittium nugatorium Brown and Pilsbry 1911
†Bittium oamaruticum Bartrum 1919
†Bittium oedumi Schnetler 2001
Bittium pabloensis Clark 1915
†Bittium parvulum Nardini 1934
†Bittium preussi Hanna 1924
†Bittium quilonense Dey 1961
Bittium reticulatum da Costa 1778
Bittium reticulatum Montagu 1803
†Bittium scotti Brown and Pilsbry 1913
†Bittium serenum Hoerle 1972
†Bittium spina Partsch 1856
†Bittium topangensis Arnold 1907
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Invalid names: Bittium trampasensis Clark 1915 [synonym], Cerithiopsis turneri Clark 1915 [synonym], Cerithium arnoldi Anderson and Martin 1914 [synonym]
†Bittium yaguense Gabb 1873
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
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height | 12 | 4.22 | 1.00 | 7.00 | 5.00 | 1.91 |
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Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oxfordian to the top of the Holocene or 161.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 150.8 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 150.8 Ma
Collections (468 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | France (Normandy) | B. russiensis (23539) | |
Late/Upper Albian | Egypt | B. mahmoudi (98327) | |
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (Mississippi) | B. sp. (7456) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (Texas) | B. sp. (205541) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Poland | B. triptychum (27819) | |
Danian | Denmark | B. transenna (176994) | |
Danian | Antarctica | B. paleonotum (67063) | |
Danian | USA (Texas) | B. estellense (5571 5573 5574 5583 5585 5587 5588 5589 5594 5595 5597 5598 5600 5601 5602 85315) B. estellensis (91778 91833) B. prekoeneni (205466) B. sp. (84467) B. sp. A, B. estellensis (98701) | |
Danian | Belgium | B. versigranulum (22931) | |
Danian - Selandian | USA (Alabama) | B. estellense (98412) | |
Danian - Selandian | USA (Texas) | B. estellensis (98707 98733) | |
Paleocene | Germany | B. palaeocaenicum (3114) | |
Selandian | Denmark | B. oedumi (35263) | |
Selandian | Nigeria | B. guineense (7791) | |
Thanetian | Poland | B. babicense, B. semigranulosum, B. subfragile, B. transenna, B. sp. (27018) B. gibbosum (27019) | |
Ypresian | USA (Alabama) | B. anita (92345) | |
Ypresian | Spain | B. plicatulum (75320 75321 75322 75323 75324 75325 75327 75339 75355 75360 75404 75405) B. plicatulum, B. quadricinctum (75341) B. plicatulum, B. richei (75328) B. plicatulum, B. semigranulosum (75391 75397 75414) B. richei (75332 75356) B. semigranulosum (75370 75373 75374 75387 75392 75403 75410 75411 75412) | |
Ypresian | Belgium | B. semigranosum (77608) | |
Ypresian | USA (Oregon) | B. sp. (52271) Cerithiopsis preussi (52304) | |
Ypresian | USA (Texas) | B. anita (91844 91845) B. ridgei, B. tresquatrum (7789 83950) B. tresquatrum (7788 84325 84337 178054) |