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Epitonium (Boreoscala)
Gastropoda - Epitoniidae
Taxonomy
Boreoscala was named by Kobelt (1905) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 158]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Epitonium (Boreoscala) by Durham (1937), Durham (1944), Ladd (1972), Hickman (1980) and Oleinik and Marincovich (2003).
It was assigned to Scalidae by Abbass (1967); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Epitonium by Durham (1937), Durham (1944), Ladd (1972), Hickman (1980) and Oleinik and Marincovich (2003).
It was reranked as Epitonium (Boreoscala) by Durham (1937), Durham (1944), Ladd (1972), Hickman (1980) and Oleinik and Marincovich (2003).
It was assigned to Scalidae by Abbass (1967); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Epitonium by Durham (1937), Durham (1944), Ladd (1972), Hickman (1980) and Oleinik and Marincovich (2003).
Subtaxa
Species lacking formal opinion data
Boreoscala greenlandica, Epitonium charitopolos, Epitonium cookii, Epitonium emydoneus, Epitonium expectatum, Epitonium foliaceicostatum, Epitonium foliaceicostum, Epitonium foliaceicostum, Epitonium foliaceicostum, Epitonium foliaceiscostatum, Epitonium gabbi, Epitonium groenlandica, Epitonium humphreysi, Epitonium imperiale, Epitonium krebsii, Epitonium leroyi, Epitonium multiliniferum, Epitonium muricatum, Epitonium novangliae, Epitonium paytens, Epitonium replicata, Epitonium rushii, Epitonium sculptatum, Epitonium sericifilum, Epitonium suboptima, Epitonium venezuelense
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1905 | Boreoscala Kobelt p. 23 |
| 1908 | Catenoscala Dall p. 80 |
| 1909 | Epitonium (Catenoscala) Dall |
| 1937 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Durham p. 493 |
| 1944 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Durham p. 156 |
| 1967 | Boreoscala Abbass p. 43 |
| 1972 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Ladd p. 51 |
| 1980 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Hickman p. 26 |
| 2002 | Boreoscala Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2002 | Catenoscala Sepkoski, Jr. |
| 2003 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Oleinik and Marincovich Jr p. 40 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. W. Durham 1937 | Shell usually large, heavy; with prominent varices that cross basal keel and continue to aperture; distinct axial sculpture; basal disk present, rather indistinct, bounded by a well-marked keel; aperture oval, outer lip thickened by last varix, inner lip thin; anterior auricle present |