PBDB Taxon

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Paleoparadoxiidae

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Paleoparadoxiidae

Taxonomy

Paleoparadoxidae was named by Reinhart (1959).

It was corrected as Paleoparadoxiidae by Barnes and Goedert (2001), Saegusa (2002), Inuzuka et al. (2006), Domning and Barnes (2007), Hasegawa and Kimura (2008), Rice (2009), Boessenecker (2011), Hasegawa et al. (2014), Fukuchi and Suzuki (2014), Matsui and Kawabe (2015), Berta (2017), Matsui et al. (2018), Domning (2018) and Matsui and Tsuihiji (2019).

It was assigned to Desmostyliformes by Reinhart (1959); to Desmostylia by Barnes and Goedert (2001), Saegusa (2002), Inuzuka et al. (2006), Domning and Barnes (2007), Hasegawa and Kimura (2008), Rice (2009), Hasegawa et al. (2014), Fukuchi and Suzuki (2014), Matsui and Kawabe (2015) and Domning (2018); to Desmostylia by Boessenecker (2011), Berta (2017) and Matsui et al. (2018); and to Desmostyloidea by Matsui and Tsuihiji (2019).

Subtaxa

Archaeoparadoxia, Behemotopsinae, Neoparadoxia, Paleoparadoxia, Paleoparadoxiinae

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1959	Paleoparadoxidae Reinhart p. 94
2001	Paleoparadoxiidae Barnes and Goedert p. 18
2002	Paleoparadoxiidae Saegusa p. 4
2006	Paleoparadoxiidae Inuzuka et al. p. 3
2007	Paleoparadoxiidae Domning and Barnes p. 749
2008	Paleoparadoxiidae Hasegawa and Kimura p. 16
2009	Paleoparadoxiidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1
2011	Paleoparadoxiidae Boessenecker p. 2
2014	Paleoparadoxiidae Fukuchi and Suzuki p. 8
2014	Paleoparadoxiidae Hasegawa et al. p. 71
2015	Paleoparadoxiidae Matsui and Kawabe p. 256
2017	Paleoparadoxiidae Berta p. 171
2018	Paleoparadoxiidae Domning p. 251
2018	Paleoparadoxiidae Matsui et al. p. 6
2019	Paleoparadoxiidae Matsui and Tsuihiji p. 10

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
order	Desmostylia
order	Desmostyloidea	Abel 1933
family	Paleoparadoxiidae	()
family	Paleoparadoxiidae	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Paleoparadoxiidae Reinhart 1959

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G. †Archaeoparadoxia Barnes 2013

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†Archaeoparadoxia weltoni Clark 1991

G. †Neoparadoxia Barnes 2013

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†Neoparadoxia cecilialina Barnes 2013

†Neoparadoxia repenningi Domning and Barnes 2007

G. †Paleoparadoxia Reinhart 1959

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†Paleoparadoxia media Inuzuka 2005

†Paleoparadoxia tabatai Tokunaga 1939

Invalid names: Behemotopsinae Inuzuka 1987 [empty], Paleoparadoxiinae Reinhart 1959 [empty]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
K. Matsui and T. Tsuihiji 2019	the clade Paleoparadoxiidae is diagnosed by the following synapomorphies: the mandibular symphysis rotated anteroventrally (c. 68(1)), 14 or 15 theoretic vertebrae (c. 78(1)), and a flat femoral shaft (c. 103 (2)).

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Ontogeny:

modification of partso

Environment:

coastalo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

amphibiouso

Diet:

herbivoreo

Reproduction:

viviparouso

Created:

2005-09-11 17:03:02

Modified:

2019-05-28 17:19:55

Source: o = order

Reference: Domning et al. 1986

Age range: base of the Chattian to the top of the Tortonian or 28.10000 to 7.24600 Ma

Collections (55 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	USA (Oregon)	Paleoparadoxiidae indet. (202148)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	Japan (Hokkaido)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (171611 184791)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	USA (California)	Paleoparadoxia weltoni (58899)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	Japan (Akita)	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (186479)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	Japan (Toyama)	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (91475)
Miocene	23.03 - 5.333	Japan (Shimane)	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (186477)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Japan (Gifu)	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (91465) Paleoparadoxiidae indet. (227082)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Japan (Saitama)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (91601)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Japan (Okayama)	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (76044)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	Japan (Saitama)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (133498) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (56956)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.44 - 13.82	USA (California)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (52180)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (California)	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (19460)
Langhian - Burdigalian	15.97 - 15.97	Japan (Aomori)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (171802)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Gunma)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (70548) Paleoparadoxia sp., Paleoparadoxia tabatai (75729)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan	Paleoparadoxia sp. (171613 171614 171621) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (93790 171620)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Ishikawa)	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (91470)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Miyagi)	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (171612)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Fukui)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (89036)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Hokkaido)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (55652)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Satiama Prevecture)	Paleoparadoxia sp., Paleoparadoxia tabatai (55826)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Fukushima)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (96896) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (75740)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	USA (California)	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (59059)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Iwate)	Desmostylus sp. (172170)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Okayama)	Paleoparadoxia media (171034)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Satiyama)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (171617)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Mexico (Baja California)	Paleoparadoxidae indet. (52183)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Japan (Saitama)	Cornwallius sp. (171618) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (54183)
Langhian - Serravallian	15.97 - 11.62	USA (California)	Neoparadoxia cecillialina, Neoparadoxia cecilialina (151009) Paleoparadoxia sp. (46069 71072)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Japan (Hokuriku)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (161492 161494)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	USA (California)	Desmostylia indet. (65985) Paleoparadoxia sp. (65986) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (38027)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Japan	Dugong sp. (65168)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Japan (Ishikawa)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (118412)
Langhian - Tortonian	15.97 - 7.246	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (57778)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene	15.97 - 5.333	Japan	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (40519)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	USA (California)	Paleoparadoxia sp., Paleoparadoxia repenningi (75060)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Japan (Gunma)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (200052)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	USA (California)	Paleoparadoxia sp. (40514 46070) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (46071)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Japan	Paleoparadoxia tabatai (185111)