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Pleiolama

Mammalia - Camelidae

Taxonomy
Pleiolama was named by Webb and Meachen (2004). Its type is Pleiolama mckennai. It was considered monophyletic by Webb and Meachen (2004).

It was assigned to Lamini by Webb and Meachen (2004), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006) and Lynch et al. (2020).

Species
P. mckennai (type species), P. vera

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2004Pleiolama Webb and Meachen p. 350 figs. 1 – 4
2006Pleiolama Hulbert and Whitmore p. 6
2020Pleiolama Lynch et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
familyCamelidae
subfamilyCamelinaeGray 1821
tribeLaminiWebb 1965
genusPleiolama

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Pleiolama Webb and Meachen 2004
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†Pleiolama mckennai Webb and Meachen 2004
†Pleiolama vera Matthew 1909
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
S. D. Webb and J. A. Meachen 2004The long narrow rostrum extends 32 mm ahead of I3 and is widest across C1. The en- larged braincase has a low sagittal crest. The zy- gomatic arch is deep and sigmoid, not shallow and straight. The posterior narial opening is broadly rounded and opens opposite M2. The bullae are thick and rectangular in outline. The paroccipital process extends well below the bulla and gives or- igin to a well developed M. digastricus. The upper and lower diastemata (posterior to first premolars) are moderately long (30–35 mm long.) The dental formula is I1, C1, P4–3, M3, and I3, C1, P4–3, M3. P1 and P1 are single rooted; P2 and P2 are reduced or absent. P3 and P3 are nearly as long as P4 and P4 respectively. The lingual crescent of P3 is nearly complete. The strong ‘‘llama buttresses’’ on the lower molars reach maximum expression in Stage 3 wear. The molars are weakly to moderately hyp- sodont. The metapodials are very long and slender.
Pleiolama differs from Hemiauchenia in its smaller size, shorter diastema, P1/1 and P3/3 larger, lower incisors more delicate, and symphysis nar- rower. Pleiolama differs from Palaeolama in its larger P3/3, simpler P4, and much longer metapodi- als.
Pleiolama also differs from Alforjas in P1/1 and P3/3 larger, lower incisors more delicate, symphysis narrower, cheek teeth much less hypsodont, palatine notch rounded and opposite M2, and metapodials longer. This new genus can be distinguished from Camelops in most of the same features as from Al- forjas, but in addition, it retains P1/1 and P2/2.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:42:02
Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Hemphillian to the top of the Clarendonian or 10.30000 to 9.40000 Ma

Collections (41 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Nevada) Hemiauchenia vera (19048 19052 19053)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) P. mckennai (18218)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Hemiauchenia vera (18305)
Clarendonian - Pliocene12.5 - 2.588USA (Oklahoma) P. vera (170199)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oklahoma) Pliauchenia sp. (18304)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nevada) Hemiauchenia vera (19054)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Costa Rica (Puntarenas) Hemiauchenia sp. (144596)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Kansas) Hemiauchenia vera (18166 18237 18241 18263 18342) Pliauchenia sp. (18140)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Zacatecas) Hemiauchenia vera (212341)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Alabama) Camelidae indet. (18559)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Guanajuato) Hemiauchenia vera (18718 175257)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oregon) Hemiauchenia vera (19015)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Texas) Hemiauchenia sp. (18198) Hemiauchenia vera (18073 18097)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (New Mexico) Hemiauchenia vera (19291)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Hemiauchenia vera (18086 18201 18441)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Jalisco) Hemiauchenia vera (189788 189790)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nevada) Hemiauchenia vera (19374 19375)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Hemiauchenia vera (18126 18247 18359)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) Hemiauchenia vera (19604)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Arizona) Hemiauchenia vera (19612)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oklahoma) Tanupolama vera (18076)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Guanajuato) Hemiauchenia sp. (18740) Hemiauchenia vera (18713 18737 18738)