PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Macroelongatoolithus

Reptilia - Elongatoolithidae

Taxonomy

Macroelongatoolithus was named by Li et al. (1995). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type is Oolithes carlylensis.

It was assigned to Oviraptoridae by Zelenitsky and Currie (2004); and to Elongatoolithidae by Zelenitsky et al. (2000), Cousin (2002), Fang et al. (2003), Jin et al. (2007), Kim et al. (2011), Tanaka et al. (2011), Huh et al. (2014), Simon et al. (2019) and Jin et al. (2020).

Species

M. carlylei (syn. Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis), M. goseongensis, M. xixia, M. zhangi, Megafusoolithus qiaoxianensis

Synonyms

Longiteresoolithus was named by Wang and Zhou (1995). It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was synonymized subjectively with Macroelongatoolithus by Simon et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Macroelongatoolithidae by Wang and Zhou (1995) and Liang et al. (2009).
Megafusoolithus was named by Wang et al. (2010). It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was synonymized subjectively with Macroelongatoolithus by Simon et al. (2019).
Boletuoolithus was named by Bray (1998). It is considered to be a form taxon.

It was synonymized subjectively with Macroelongatoolithus by Zelenitsky et al. (2000) and Simon et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Spheroolithidae by Bray (1998).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1995	Macroelongatoolithus Li et al.
1995	Longiteresoolithus Wang and Zhou p. 262
1998	Boletuoolithus Bray p. 221
2000	Macroelongatoolithus Zelenitsky et al. p. 131
2002	Macroelongatoolithus Cousin p. 44
2003	Macroelongatoolithus Fang et al. p. 517
2004	Macroelongatoolithus Zelenitsky and Currie p. 134A
2007	Macroelongatoolithus Jin et al. p. 82
2009	Longiteresoolithus Liang et al. p. 1591
2010	Megafusoolithus Wang et al.
2011	Macroelongatoolithus Kim et al. p. 18
2011	Macroelongatoolithus Tanaka et al. p. 45
2014	Macroelongatoolithus Huh et al. p. 220
2019	Macroelongatoolithus Simon et al. p. 7
2020	Macroelongatoolithus Jin et al. p. 9

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida

Rank	Name	Author
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
family	Elongatoolithidae
genus	Macroelongatoolithus	Li et al. 1995

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Macroelongatoolithus Li et al. 1995

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†Macroelongatoolithus carlylei Jensen 1970

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Invalid names: Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis Wang and Zhou 1995 [synonym]

†Macroelongatoolithus goseongensis Kim et al. 2011

†Macroelongatoolithus zhangi Fang et al. 2000

Invalid names: Boletuoolithus Bray 1998 [synonym], Longiteresoolithus Wang and Zhou 1995 [synonym], Megafusoolithus Wang et al. 2010 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
D. K. Zelenitsky et al. 2000	Eggs are large, exceeding 380 mm in length; largest reported is 600 mm. Elongation index is 2.6– 3.1. Eggshell thickness averages 2 mm, primarily ranges from 1.8–2.2 mm, total range from 1.38–3.2 mm. Thickness ratio of continuous layer to mammillary layer ranges from 2:1 to 4:1. Ornamentation is variable with typical elongatoolithid pattern in some eggs and very well-developed ornamentation in others.
J. Y. Kim et al. 2011	Large, elongate eggs, 24-52 cm in length, possibly as long as 60 cm. Elongation index 1.6-3.4. Total range of shell thickness 1.38-3.2 mm. Continous to mammillary layer thickness ratio 1.5:1 to 6.5:1. Angusticanaliculate to oblequicanaliculate pore system. Typical elongatoolithid ornamentation with variable pattern over egg surface.
D. J. Simon et al. 2019	Large, elongate eggs exceeding 34cm and potentially reaching 61 cm long, with an elongation index of 2.6–3.9. Eggshell thickness, including ornamentation, is 1.38–4.75 mm. Abrupt, undulating boundary separates the CL and ML, and CL:ML ratio widely ranging from 2:1 to 8:1. Crystal splaying across the ML-CL boundary occurs at random intervals. Ornamentation is variable both in type and relief and may grade from dispersituberculate at the poles to lineartuberculate along the middle portion of the length of the egg; smooth patches may occur near poles. Clutches consist of paired eggs in a ring-shaped configuration with an external clutch diameter of ca. 2–3 m.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoreo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2004-12-14 12:50:08

Modified:

2004-12-14 14:50:08

Source: o = order

Reference: Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Campanian or 105.30000 to 72.10000 Ma

Collections (18 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	China (Zhejiang)	M. xixiaensis (86428)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian	105.3 - 93.5	USA (Utah)	M. carlylei (204699)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian	105.3 - 93.5	USA (Idaho)	M. carlylei (204701 204702)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Nevada)	M. carlylei (181585)
Cenomanian - Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	China (Henan)	Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis (178692 232202) M. sp. (194657)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	USA (Utah)	M. carlylei (14399 117467 204698) M. sp. (200123) Oolithes carlylensis (52973)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Turonian	99.6 - 89.8	China (Zhejiang)	M. zhangi (86426 204720)
Santonian - Campanian	86.3 - 72.1	China (Henan)	Longiteresoolithus xixiaensis (232203)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	South Korea (Gyeongsangnam-do)	M. goseongensis (220089)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	South Korea (Jeollanam-do)	M. xixiaensis (232503)