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Sterninae (tern)

Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Laridae

Taxonomy
Sterninae was named by Bonaparte (1838). It is extant. Its type is Sterna.

It was reranked as the family Sternidae by De Pietri et al. (2011), Smith (2011) and Mayr (2022).

It was assigned to Charadriiformes by Smith (2011); to Laridae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Chandler (1990), Livezey and Zusi (2007) and del Hoyo et al. (2014); and to Laromorphae by De Pietri et al. (2011) and Mayr (2022).

Subtaxa

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1838Sterninae Bonaparte
1930Sterninae Hay p. 341
1940Sterninae Wetmore p. 62
1956Sterninae Wetmore p. 77
1990Sterninae Chandler p. 136
2007Sterninae Livezey and Zusi p. 93
2011Sternidae De Pietri et al. p. 814
2011Sternidae Smith p. 30 figs. Figure 14
2014Sterninae del Hoyo et al.
2022Sternidae Mayr p. 77 figs. Fig. 5.2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Neotheropoda
AverostraPaul 2002
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867
suborderLariSharpe 1891
infraorderLarides
superfamilyLaroideaStejneger 1885
familyLaridaeVigors 1825
subfamilySterninaeBonaparte 1838
subfamilySterninaeBonaparte 1838

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Sterninae Bonaparte 1838 [tern]
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G. Phaetusa Wagler 1832
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Benton 1983, Bush and Bambach 2015, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Pleistocene to the top of the Holocene or 0.77400 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.129 Ma

Collections (20 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy Sternidae indet. (197927)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Sternidae indet. (215694)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Micronesia, Federated States of Sterninae indet. (194650 194651)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Solomon Islands Sterninae indet. (209059 209060 209064 209065 209067 209073 209074 209078 209094 209096 209099)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil Phaetusa simplex (215525)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Marshall Islands Sterninae indet. (194997 194999)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0French Polynesia Sterninae indet. (194675)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0American Samoa Sterninae indet. (193800)