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Taxonomy
Erycinae was named by Bonaparte (1825) [also said to be 1831]. It is extant. It was considered paraphyletic by Noonan and Chippindale (2006).
It was reranked as the family Erycidae by Zittel (1890) and Vidal and Hedges (2002); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Boidae by Noonan and Chippindale (2006).
It was assigned to Ophidia by Zittel (1890); to Henophidia by Vidal and Hedges (2002); to Macrostomata by Scanlon (2006) and Longrich et al. (2012); and to Boidae by Bonaparte (1825), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), McGrew et al. (1959), Kuhn (1966), Szyndlar (1987), Zerova (1989), Parmley and Holman (1995), Maddox and Wall (1998), McDiarmid et al. (1999), Parmley and Hunter (2010) and Cirilli et al. (2016).
It was reranked as the family Erycidae by Zittel (1890) and Vidal and Hedges (2002); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Boidae by Noonan and Chippindale (2006).
It was assigned to Ophidia by Zittel (1890); to Henophidia by Vidal and Hedges (2002); to Macrostomata by Scanlon (2006) and Longrich et al. (2012); and to Boidae by Bonaparte (1825), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), McGrew et al. (1959), Kuhn (1966), Szyndlar (1987), Zerova (1989), Parmley and Holman (1995), Maddox and Wall (1998), McDiarmid et al. (1999), Parmley and Hunter (2010) and Cirilli et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Erycinae Bonaparte |
| 1890 | Erycidae Zittel p. 630 |
| 1928 | Erycinae Perrier p. 3103 |
| 1946 | Erycinae Kuhn p. 62 |
| 1959 | Erycinae McGrew et al. p. 141 |
| 1966 | Erycinae Kuhn p. 63 |
| 1987 | Erycinae Szyndlar p. 56 |
| 1989 | Erycinae Zerova p. 30 |
| 1995 | Erycinae Parmley and Holman p. 80 |
| 1998 | Erycinae Maddox and Wall p. 6 |
| 1999 | Erycinae McDiarmid et al. |
| 2002 | Erycidae Vidal and Hedges p. 983 |
| 2006 | Erycinae Scanlon p. 839 |
| 2010 | Erycinae Parmley and Hunter p. 527 |
| 2012 | Erycinae Longrich et al. |
| 2016 | Erycinae Cirilli et al. p. 22 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Erycinae Bonaparte 1825 [sand boa]
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G. †Cadurceryx Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
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†Cadurceryx filholi Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
†Cadurceryx pearchi Holman et al. 2006
G. †Geringophis Holman 1976
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†Geringophis depressus Holman 1976
†Geringophis robustus Holman and Harrison 2001
†Geringophis vetus Holman 1982
†Geringophis yatkolae Holman 1977
†Geringophis yatkolai Holman 1977
G. Gongylophis Wagler 1830
G. †Pterygoboa Holman 1976
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†Pterygoboa delawarensis Holman 1998
†Pterygoboa miocenica Holman 1976
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| E. Perrier 1928 | Taille ne dépassant pas 1 mètre. Queue très courte, peu mobile, non préhensile. Tête sans cou distinct; écailles dorsales très petites; sous-caudales unisériées. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subf = subfamily, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Behler and King 1979, Greene 1997 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 70.60000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (99 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Erycinae indet. (13142) | |
| Wasatchian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Erycinae indet. (15583) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Paraepicrates brevispondylus (16244) | |
| Lutetian | France (Gard) | Erycinae sp. (59129) | |
| Lutetian | Pakistan (North-West Frontier) | Erycinae indet. (28978) | |
| Bartonian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Erycinae indet. (31736 183350) | |
| Bartonian | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Cadurceryx filholi (12840) | |
| Bartonian | France (Picardie Region) | Cadurceryx sp. (12847) | |
| Priabonian | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Cadurceryx filholi (12841 12849 12852) Cadurceryx sp. (12842) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Georgia) | Huberophis georgiensis (27508) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | France (Quercy) | Cadurceryx filholi (12850) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Cadurceryx pearchi (39662) Erycinae indet. (38862) | |
| Orellan | USA (Colorado) | Geringophis vetus (232908) | |
| Orellan | USA (Nebraska) | Geringophis vetus (75879) | |
| MP 22 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx vireti (117977 118196) | |
| MP 25 | France | Bransateryx vireti (60214) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Florida) | Geringophis indet., Geringophis robustus (17341) | |
| MP 26 | France (Occitanie) | Bransateryx sp. (183674) | |
| MP 27 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx vireti (59124) | |
| MP 28 | France (Quercy) | Bransateryx vireti (36712) | |
| MP 28 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx vireti (59125) | |
| MP 28 - MP 30 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx sp. (59126) | |
| MP 30 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bransateryx vireti (66109) | |
| Chattian | USA (Florida) | Pterygoboa sp. (17860) | |
| Chattian | France | Bransateryx vireti (60281 60282) | |
| Monroecreekian | USA (Wyoming) | Geringophis depressus (75875) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | Erycinae indet. (17792) Geringophis depressus (17802) | |
| MN 1 | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Bransateryx vireti (69617) | |
| Aquitanian | France | Bransateryx sp. (151407) | |
| Aquitanian | USA (Texas) | Erycinae indet. (18663) | |
| Aquitanian - Burdigalian | Spain (Navarre) | Eryx sp. (153745 153749 153751 153753 153758 153760 153761 174922) | |
| Aquitanian - Burdigalian | Kazakhstan | Eryx sp. (64355) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Kazakhstan (East Kasakhstan) | Eryx sp. (167805) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (Nebraska) | Geringophis yatkolae (27510) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | Eryx sp. (136269) | |
| Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Chubut) | Erycinae indet., Gaimanophis tenuis (27311) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Delaware) | Erycinae indet., Pterygoboa delawarensis (18579) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Pterygoboa sp. (18562) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (South Dakota) | Pterygoboa miocenica (17878) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Pterygoboa sp. (18597) | |
| MN 3 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Eryx sp. (69179) | |
| Orleanian | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | Eryx sp. (60283) | |
| Orleanian - Middle Miocene | France (Rhône-Alpes) | Eryx sp. (26723) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Geringophis depressus (18284 27507) Geringophis depressus, Pterygoboa miocenica (18275) Pterygoboa miocenica (27481) | |
| Langhian | Spain (Catalonia) | Erycinae indet. (180192) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | France (Midi-Pyrenees) | Albaneryx depereti (32191) | |
| Astaracian | Morocco (Tadla-Azilal) | Erycinae indet. (48630) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | France (Rhône-Alpes) | Erycinae indet. (79360) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | Tregophis brevirachis (18450) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Erycinae indet., Tregophis brevirachis (18327) | |
| Tortonian | Italy (Tuscany) | Erycinae indet. (190848) | |
| Tortonian | Germany (Bavaria) | Erycinae indet. (206345) | |
| Vallesian | Iraq | Erycinae indet. (41735) | |
| Vallesian | Ukraine (Khmel'nitsk'yi) | Bransateryx sp., Eryx sp., Albaneryx volynicus, Bransateryx sp. (48446) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Attica) | Erycinae indet. (182754) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Spain (Granada) | Eryx jaculus (26752) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Mongolia (Övörkhangai) | Eryx sp. 1, Eryx sp. 2 (75600) | |
| MN 9 | Hungary (Heves) | Albaneryx volynicus (168187) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Lichanura sp. (18225) | |
| MN 11 | Ukraine (Odessa) | Eryx sp. (167806) | |
| Turolian | Kazakhstan | Eryx sp. (34436) | |
| Turolian | Italy (Ravenna) | Erycinae indet. (202035) | |
| MN 12 | Ukraine (Odessa) | Erycinae sp. (167833) Eryx sp. (48175 167995) | |
| MN 12 - MN 13 | China (Gansu) | Eryx linxiaensis (96188) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Ravenna) | Eryx jaculus (144566) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Piedmont) | Eryx sp. (172910) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Hungary (North Hungary) | Eryx sp. (136068) | |
| Ruscinian | Turkey (Ankara) | Eryx sp. (34370) | |
| Pliocene | Armenia | Eryx sp. (56729) | |
| MN 15 | Russian Federation (Rostov) | Eryx sp. (168018) | |
| MN 15 | Ukraine (Odessa) | Erycinae indet. (168015) | |
| MN 15 | Moldova | Eryx sp. (50941) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | France | Erycinae indet. (49096) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy (Sardinia) | Eryx jaculus (230767) | |
| MN 16 | Ukraine (Odessa) | Erycinae indet. (168020) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Greece (Chios) | Eryx jaculus (204077) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Israel | Eryx sp. (192424 192425) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece (Peloponnesus) | Eryx jaculus (184245) |