Classification of the superfamily Plesiosauroidea

Superfm. †Plesiosauroidea Welles 1943
show all | hide all
Unr. †Cryptoclidia Ketchum and Benson 2010
+
Invalid names: Cryptocleidoidea Williston 1925 [replaced]
Fm. †Cryptoclididae Williston 1925
+
G. †Abyssosaurus Berezin 2011
+
Abyssosaurus nataliae Berezin 2011
G. †Colymbosaurus Seeley 1874
+
Colymbosaurus sclerodirus Bogolubov 1911
+
Invalid names: Colymbosaurus megadeirus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Plesiosaurus manselii Hulke 1870 [synonym], Pliosaurus portlandicus Owen 1869 [synonym]
G. †Cryptoclidus Seeley 1892
+
Cryptocleidus cuervoi quesadai Torre and Rojas 1949
Cryptoclidus eurymerus Phillips 1871
+
Invalid names: Apractocleidus teretipes Smellie 1915 [synonym], Cryptoclidus platymerus Seeley 1892 [synonym], Plesiosaurus durobrivensis Seeley 1892 [synonym]
Cryptoclidus richardsoni Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus plicatus Mansel-Pleydell 1888 [synonym]
Invalid names: Apractocleidus Smellie 1915 [objective synonym], Cryptocleidus cuervoi Torre and Rojas 1949 [nomen dubium], Cryptoclidus vignalensis Torre and Cuervo 1939 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus oxfordiensis Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus oxoniensis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium]
G. †Djupedalia Knutsen et al. 2012
+
Djupedalia engeri Knutsen et al. 2012
G. †Kimmerosaurus Brown 1981
+
Kimmerosaurus langhami Brown 1981
G. †Muraenosaurus Seeley 1874
+
Muraenosaurus fahrenkohli Waldheim 1846
Muraenosaurus leedsii Seeley 1874
+
Invalid names: Cimoliosaurus plicatus Phillips 1871 [synonym], Muraenosaurus platyclis Seeley 1892 [synonym], Muraenosaurus plicatus Phillips 1871 [synonym], Tremamesacleis durobrivensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
Muraenosaurus purbecki Bogolubov 1911
Invalid names: Tremamesacleis White 1940 [synonym]
G. †Ophthalmothule Roberts et al. 2020
+
Ophthalmothule cryostea Roberts et al. 2020
G. †Pantosaurus Marsh 1893
+
Pantosaurus striatus Marsh 1891
+
Invalid names: Muraenosaurus reedii Mehl 1912 [synonym]
Invalid names: Parasaurus Marsh 1891 [replaced]
G. †Picrocleidus Andrews 1909
+
Picrocleidus beloclis Seeley 1892
G. †Spitrasaurus Knutsen et al. 2012
+
Spitrasaurus larseni Knutsen et al. 2012
Spitrasaurus wensaasi Knutsen et al. 2012
G. †Tatenectes O'Keefe and Wahl, Jr. 2003
+
Tatenectes laramiensis Knight 1900
G. †Tricleidus Andrews 1909
+
Tricleidus seeleyi Andrews 1909
G. †Vinialesaurus Gasparini et al. 2002
+
Vinialesaurus caroli Torre and Rojas 1949
Invalid names: Cryptoclidus aldingeri von Huene 1932 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Elasmosauridae Cope 1869 [elasmosaur]
+
G. †Alexeyisaurus Sennikov and Arkhangelsky 2010
+
Alexeyisaurus karnoushenkoi Sennikov and Arkhangelsky 2010
Subfm. †Alzadasaurinae
+
G. †Alzadasaurus Welles 1943
G. †Ogmodirus Williston and Moodie 1913
+
Invalid names: Ogmodirus martinii Williston and Moodie 1917 [nomen dubium]
G. †Callawayasaurus Carpenter 1999
+
G. †Cardiocorax Araújo et al. 2015
+
Cardiocorax mukulu Araújo et al. 2015
G. †Chubutinectes O'Gorman et al. 2023
+
Chubutinectes carmeloi O'Gorman et al. 2023
G. †Cimoliasaurus Leidy 1851
+
Cimoliasaurus magnus Leidy 1851
Cimoliosaurus magnus Leidy 1851
Cimoliosaurus snowii Williston 1890
Invalid names: Brimosaurus grandis Leidy 1855 [nomen dubium], Cimoliasaurus brevior Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Cimoliasaurus maccoyi Etheridge 1904 [nomen dubium], Hunosaurus Fritsch 1905 [synonym], Iserosaurus Fritsch 1905 [synonym]
G. †Eromangasaurus Kear 2005
+
Unr. †Euelasmosaurida O'Gorman 2019
+
+
G. †Albertonectes Kubo et al. 2012
+
Albertonectes vanderveldei Kubo et al. 2012
G. †Hydrotherosaurus Welles 1943
+
G. †Nakonanectes Serratos et al. 2017
+
Nakonanectes bradti Serratos et al. 2017
G. †Styxosaurus Welles 1943
+
Styxosaurus browni Welles 1952
Styxosaurus snowii Williston 1890
+
Invalid names: Alzadasaurus pembertoni Welles and Bump 1949 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hydralmosaurus Welles 1943 [synonym], Thalassonomosaurus marshii Williston 1906 [nomen dubium]
G. †Terminonatator Sato 2003
+
Invalid names: Styxosaurinae Otero 2016 [synonym]
G. †Libonectes Carpenter 1997 [southwest diver]
+
Libonectes morgani Welles 1949
+
Invalid names: Libonectes atlasense Buchy 2005 [synonym]
G. †Thalassomedon Welles 1943
+
+
Invalid names: Alzadasaurus riggsi Welles 1943 [synonym]
G. †Fluvionectes Campbell et al. 2021
+
Fluvionectes sloanae Campbell et al. 2021
G. †Fresnosaurus Welles 1943
+
Fresnosaurus drescheri Welles 1943
G. †Gronausaurus Hampe 2013
+
Gronausaurus wegneri Hampe 2013
G. †Jucha Fischer et al. 2020
+
Jucha squalea Fischer et al. 2020
Jucha squalea Fischer et al. 2020
Jucha squalea Fischer et al. 2020
G. †Lagenanectes Sachs et al. 2017
+
Lagenanectes richterae Sachs et al. 2017
G. †Leivanectes Páramo-Fonseca et al. 2019
+
Leivanectes bernardoi Páramo-Fonseca et al. 2019
G. †Leurospondylus Brown 1913
+
Leurospondylus ultimus Brown 1913
G. †Scanisaurus Persson 1960
G. †Stereosaurus Seeley 1869
G. †Thalassiosaurus Welles 1943
G. †Thalassonomosaurus Welles 1943
G. †Wapuskanectes Druckenmiller and Russell 2006
+
Wapuskanectes betsynichollsae Druckenmiller and Russell 2006
Unr. †Weddellonectia O'Gorman and Coria 2017
+
G. †Aphrosaurus Welles 1943
+
Aphrosaurus furlongi Welles 1943
Subfm. †Aristonectinae Otero et al. 2012
+
G. †Alexandronectes Otero et al. 2016
+
Alexandronectes zealandiensis Otero et al. 2016
G. †Aristonectes Cabrera 1941
+
Aristonectes parvidens Cabrera 1941
Aristonectes quiriquinensis Otero et al. 2014
Invalid names: Turneria Chatterjee and Small 1989 [synonym]
G. †Morturneria Chatterjee and Creisler 1994
+
Morturneria seymourensis Chatterjee and Creisler 1994
+
Invalid names: Turneria seymourensis Chatterjee and Small 1989 [replaced]
G. †Wunyelfia Otero and Soto-Acuña 2021
+
Wunyelfia maulensis Otero and Soto-Acuña 2021
Invalid names: Mauisaurus Hector 1874 [nomen dubium], Mauisaurus haasti Hector 1874 [nomen dubium], Tuarangisaurus cabazai Gasparini et al. 2003 [nomen dubium]
G. †Futabasaurus Sato et al. 2006
+
Futabasaurus suzukii Sato et al. 2006 [Futaba Suzuki Ryu]
G. †Kaiwhekea Cruickshank and Fordyce 2002
+
Kaiwhekea katiki Cruickshank and Fordyce 2002
G. †Kawanectes O'Gorman 2016
+
Kawanectes lafquenianum Gasparini and Goni 1985
G. †Morenosaurus Welles 1943
+
Morenosaurus stocki Welles 1943
G. †Tuarangisaurus Wiffen and Moisley 1986
+
Tuarangisaurus keyesi Wiffen and Moisley 1986
G. †Vegasaurus O'Gorman et al. 2015
+
Vegasaurus molyi O'Gorman et al. 2015
G. †Zarafasaura Vincent et al. 2011
+
Zarafasaura oceanis Vincent et al. 2011
Invalid names: Alzadasaurus kansasensis Welles 1952 [nomen dubium], Alzadasaurus tropicus Colbert 1949 [nomen vanum], Cimoliasauridae Delair 1959 [synonym], Cimoliasaurus andium Deecke 1895 [nomen dubium], Cimoliasaurus cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1889 [nomen vanum], Cimoliasaurus caudalis Hutton 1894 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus amalitskii Pravoslavlev 1916 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus kurskensis Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus orskensis Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus serdobensis Bogolubov 1911 [nomen vanum], Elasmosaurus sternbergi Williston 1906 [nomen dubium], Mauisaurus gardneri Seeley 1878 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus constrictus Owen 1850 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus crassicostatus Owen 1870 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus gulo Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus gurgitis Renevier 1858 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus helmersenii Kiprijanoff 1882 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus holmesii Hector 1874 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus hoodii Owen 1870 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus mackayii Hector 1874 [nomen vanum], Plesiosaurus mauritanicus Arambourg 1952 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus sutherlandi McCoy 1867 [nomen dubium], Pliosaurus gigas Schröder 1885 [nomen vanum], Pliosaurus macrospondylus McCoy 1867 [nomen dubium], Thalassiosaurus ischiadicus Williston 1903 [nomen dubium], Thalassonomosaurus nobilis Williston 1906 [nomen dubium], Woolungasaurus Persson 1960 [nomen dubium], Woolungasaurus glendowerensis Persson 1960 [nomen dubium]
G. †Franconiasaurus Sachs et al. 2024
+
Franconiasaurus brevispinus Sachs et al. 2024
Unr. †Leptocleidia Ketchum and Benson 2010
+
Fm. †Leptocleididae White 1940
+
G. †Brancasaurus Wegner 1914
+
Brancasaurus brancai Wegner 1914
G. †Hastanectes Benson et al. 2013
+
Hastanectes valdensis Lydekker 1889
G. †Leptocleidus Andrews 1922
+
Leptocleidus capensis Andrews 1911
Leptocleidus clemai Cruickshank and Long 1997
Leptocleidus superstes Andrews 1922
Invalid names: Peyerus Stromer 1935 [synonym]
G. †Nichollssaura Druckenmiller and Russell 2009
+
Nichollssaura borealis Druckenmiller and Russell 2009
+
Invalid names: Nichollsia borealis Druckenmiller and Russell 2008 [replaced]
Invalid names: Nichollsia Druckenmiller and Russell 2008 [replaced]
G. †Umoonasaurus Kear et al. 2006
+
Umoonasaurus demoscyllus Kear et al. 2006
G. †Vectocleidus Benson et al. 2013
+
Vectocleidus pastorum Benson et al. 2013
Invalid names: Leptocleidoidea Druckenmiller and Russell 2008 [replaced]
Fm. †Microcleididae Benson et al. 2012
+
G. †Microcleidus Watson 1909
+
Microcleidus macropterus Seeley 1865
Microcleidus melusinae Vincent et al. 2019
Microcleidus tournemirensis Sciau et al. 1990
Invalid names: Occitanosaurus Bardet et al. 1999 [synonym]
G. †Seeleyosaurus White 1940
+
+
Invalid names: Seeleyosaurus holzmadensis White 1940 [synonym]
G. †Opallionectes Kear 2006
+
G. †Plesiopharos Puértolas-Pascual et al. 2021
+
Plesiopharos moelensis Puértolas-Pascual et al. 2021
G. †Plesiopterys O'Keefe 2004
+
Plesiopterys wildi O'Keefe 2004
Fm. †Plesiosauridae Gray 1825
+
G. †Hydrorion Grossmann 2007
G. †Lusonectes Smith et al. 2012
+
Lusonectes sauvagei Smith et al. 2012
G. †Thaumatosaurus Meyer 1841
+
+
Invalid names: Liopleurodon bucklandi Sauvage 1873 [synonym]
Invalid names: Brancasauridae White 1940 [synonym], Muraenosauridae White 1940 [synonym], Plesiosaurus neogaeus Burmeister 1861 [nomen vanum], Tremamesacleididae White 1940 [synonym]
G. †Plesiosaurus de la Beche and Conybeare 1821
+
Plesiosaurus bavaricus Dames 1895
Plesiosaurus bitractensis Sauvage 1883
Plesiosaurus carinatus Cuvier 1824
Plesiosaurus cliduchus Seeley 1865
Plesiosaurus costatus Owen 1840
Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus Conybeare 1824
+
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus homei Gray 1831 [synonym], Plesiosaurus macromus Owen 1840 [synonym]
Plesiosaurus exarsostinus Hawkins 1834
Plesiosaurus grandis Owen 1840
Plesiosaurus hesternus Welles 1953
Plesiosaurus houzeaui Dollo 1909
+
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus brachycephalus Owen 1840 [synonym]
Plesiosaurus macrodeirus Seeley 1869
Plesiosaurus mexicanus Wieland 1910
Plesiosaurus nitidus Phillips 1871
Plesiosaurus trigonus Cuvier 1824
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus elasmosaurus Finzel 1964 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus priscus Parkinson 1822 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Polycotylidae Williston 1908
+
G. †Ceraunosaurus Thurmond 1968
G. †Edgarosaurus Druckenmiller 2002
+
Edgarosaurus muddi Druckenmiller 2002
G. †Manemergus Buchy et al. 2005
+
Manemergus anguirostris Buchy et al. 2005
G. †Mauriciosaurus Frey et al. 2017
+
Mauriciosaurus fernandezi Frey et al. 2017
G. †Pahasapasaurus Schumacher 2007
+
Pahasapasaurus haasi Schumacher 2007
Subfm. †Palmulainae Albright et al. 2007
+
G. †Palmulasaurus Albright et al. 2007
+
Palmulasaurus quadratus Albright et al. 2007
Invalid names: Palmula Albright et al. 2007 [replaced]
G. †Plesiopleurodon Carpenter 1996
+
Plesiopleurodon wellesi Carpenter 1996
Subfm. †Polycotylinae Albright et al. 2007
+
Unr. †Dolichorhynchia Clark et al. 2024
+
G. †Dolichorhynchops Williston 1902
+
Dolichorhynchops osborni Williston 1902
+
Invalid names: Polycotylus osborni Watson 1951 [synonym]
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus ichthyospondylus Seeley 1869 [nomen vanum], Trinacromerum latimanus Williston 1908 [nomen vanum]
G. †Martinectes Clark et al. 2024
+
Martinectes bonneri Adams 1997
G. †Unktaheela Clark et al. 2024
+
Unktaheela specta Clark et al. 2024
G. †Eopolycotylus Albright et al. 2007
+
Eopolycotylus rankini Albright et al. 2007
G. †Georgiasaurus Ochev 1977
+
Georgiasaurus penzensis Otschev 1976
Invalid names: Georgia Otschev 1976 [replaced]
G. †Polycotylus Cope 1869
+
+
Invalid names: Polycotylus dolichopus Williston 1906 [synonym]
Polycotylus sopozkoi Efimov et al. 2016
Polycotylus suprajurensis Sauvage 1876
G. †Scalamagnus Clark et al. 2024
+
Scalamagnus tropicensis Schmeisser McKean 2012
G. †Serpentisuchops Persons IV et al. 2022
+
Serpentisuchops pfisterae Persons IV et al. 2022
G. †Trinacromerum Cragin 1888
+
+
Invalid names: Ceraunosaurus brownorum Thurmond 1968 [synonym], Trinacromerum anonymum Williston 1903 [synonym], Trinacromerum willistoni Riggs 1944 [synonym]
Trinacromerum kirki Russell 1935
G. †Sulcusuchus Gasparini and Spalletti 1990
+
Sulcusuchus erraini Gasparini and Spalletti 1990
G. †Thililua Bardet et al. 2003
+
Thililua longicollis Bardet et al. 2003
Invalid names: Cimoliasaurus leucoscopelus Etheridge, Jr. 1897 [nomen dubium], Dolichorhynchopidae Welles 1962 [synonym], Palmulasaurinae Albright et al. 2007 [empty], Polycotyilnae Albright et al. 2007 [empty]
G. †Sthenarosaurus Watson 1909
+
Sthenarosaurus dawkinsi Watson 1909
G. †Westphaliasaurus Schwermann and Sander 2011
+
Westphaliasaurus simonsensii Schwermann and Sander 2011
Invalid names: Cimoliosaurus limnophilus Koken 1887 [nomen dubium], Dolichodeira Seeley 1892 [synonym], Euplesiosauria O'Keefe 2001 [empty]