Classification of the order Caudata

Unr. Caudata Scopoli 1777 [salamander]
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G. †Apricosiren Evans and McGowan 2002
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Apricosiren ensomi Evans and McGowan 2002
G. †Bishara Nessov 1997
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Bishara backa Nessov 1997
G. †Egoria Skutschas et al. 2020
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Egoria malashichevi Skutschas et al. 2020
G. †Galverpeton Estes and Sanchíz 1982
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Galverpeton ibericum Estes and Sanchíz 1982
G. †Heteroclitotriton De Stefano 1903
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Heteroclitotriton zitteli De Stefano 1903
G. †Hylaeobatrachus Dollo 1884
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Hylaeobatrachus croyii Dollo 1884
Fm. †Karauridae Ivachnenko 1978
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G. †Karaurus Ivachnenko 1978
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Karaurus sharovi Ivachnenko 1978
G. †Kokartus Nessov 1988
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Kokartus honorarius Nessov 1988
G. †Kulgeriherpeton Skutschas et al. 2018
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Kulgeriherpeton ultimus Skutschas et al. 2018
G. †Marmorerpeton Evans et al. 1988
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Marmorerpeton freemani Evans et al. 1988
Marmorerpeton kermacki Evans et al. 1988
Marmorerpeton wakei Jones et al. 2022
Unr. †Pancryptobrancha Vasilyan et al. 2013
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G. †Ukrainurus Vasilyan et al. 2013
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Ukrainurus hypsognathus Vasilyan et al. 2013
Subor. †Prosirenoidea Estes 1981
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Fm. †Prosirenidae Estes 1969
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G. †Prosiren Goin and Auffenberg 1958
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Prosiren elinorae Goin and Auffenberg 1958
Or. †Proteida
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Fm. †Batrachosauroididae Auffenberg 1958
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G. †Batrachosauroides Taylor and Hesse 1943
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Batrachosauroides dissimulans Taylor and Hesse 1943
G. †Opisthotriton Auffenberg 1961
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Opisthotriton gidleyi Sullivan 1991
Opisthotriton kayi Auffenberg 1961
G. †Palaeoproteus Herre 1935
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Palaeoproteus gallicus Estes et al. 1967
Palaeoproteus klatti Herre 1935
G. †Parrisia Denton, Jr. and O'Neill 1998
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Parrisia neocesariensis Denton, Jr. and O'Neill 1998
G. †Peratosauroides Naylor 1981
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G. †Prodesmodon Estes 1964
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Prodesmodon copei Estes 1964
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Invalid names: Cuttysarkus mcnallyi Estes 1964 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cuttysarkus Estes 1964 [synonym]
G. †Ramonellus Nevo and Estes 1969
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Ramonellus longispinus Nevo and Estes 1969
Fm. †Triassuridae Ivakhnenko 1978
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G. †Triassurus Ivakhnenko 1978
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Triassurus sixtelae Ivakhnenko 1978
Fm. Urodela Duméril 1805 [salamander]
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Subor. †Ambystomatoidea
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Fm. Ambystomatidae Hallowell 1856 [mole salamander]
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G. Amblystoma Tschudi 1838 [mole salamander]
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Amblystoma maculatum Shaw 1802 [Spotted salamander]
Amblystoma minshalli Tihen and Chantell 1963
Ambystoma gracile Baird 1859 [Northwestern salamander]
Ambystoma hibbardi Tihen 1955
Ambystoma kansense Adams and Martin 1929
Ambystoma mexicanum Shaw 1789 [axolotl]
Ambystoma minshalli Tihen and Chantell 1963
Ambystoma opacum Gravenhorst 1807 [Marbled salamander]
Ambystoma texanum Matthes 1855 [Small-mouth salamander]
Ambystoma tigrinum Green 1825 [tiger salamander]
Ambystoma tiheni Holman 1968
G. †Amphitriton Rogers 1976
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Amphitriton brevis Rogers 1976
G. †Plioambystoma Adams and Martin 1929
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Plioambystoma kansensis Adams and Martin 1929
Fm. Dicamptodontidae Tihen 1958 [giant salamander]
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G. Dicamptodon Strauch 1870 [Pacific giant salamander]
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Dicamptodon antiquus Naylor and Fox 1993
Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz 1833 [California giant salamander]
Subfm. †Dicamptodontinae Tihen 1958
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G. †Ambystomichnus Peabody 1954
G. †Bargmannia Herre 1955
G. †Chrysotriton Estes 1981
G. †Geyeriella Herre 1950
G. †Wolterstorffiella Herre 1950
Invalid names: Rhyacotritoninae Tihen 1958 [empty]
Fm. †Scapherpetontidae Auffenberg and Goin 1959
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G. †Horezmia Nessov 1981
G. †Lisserpeton Estes 1965
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Lisserpeton bairdi Estes 1965
G. †Piceoerpeton Meszoely 1967
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Piceoerpeton naylori Gardner 2012
Piceoerpeton willwoodense Meszoely 1967
G. †Scapherpeton Cope 1876
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Scapherpeton tectum Cope 1876
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Invalid names: Hedronchus sternbergii Cope 1876 [synonym], Hemitrypus jordanianus Cope 1876 [synonym], Scapherpeton excisum Cope 1876 [synonym], Scapherpeton favosum Cope 1876 [synonym], Scapherpeton laticolle Cope 1876 [synonym]
Fm. Amphiumidae Gray 1825
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G. Amphiuma Garden 1821 [amphiuma]
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Amphiuma jepseni Estes 1969
Amphiuma means Garden 1821 [two-toed amphiuma]
Amphiuma pholeter Neill 1964 [one-toed amphiuma]
Amphiuma tridactylum Cuvier 1827 [three-toed amphiuma]
Invalid names: Amphiuma antica Holman 1977 [nomen dubium]
G. Muraenopsis Fitzinger
G. †Paleoamphiuma Rieppel and Grande 1998
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Paleoamphiuma tetradactylum Rieppel and Grande 1998
G. †Proamphiuma Estes 1969
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Proamphiuma cretacea Estes 1969
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G. †Chunerpeton Gao and Shubin 2003
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Chunerpeton tianyiensis Gao and Shubin 2003
Fm. Cryptobranchidae Cope 1889 [hellbender]
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G. Andrias Tschudi 1837 [giant salamander]
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Andrias bohemicus Laube 1897
Andrias davidianus Blanchard 1871 [Chinese giant salamander]
Andrias japonicus Temminck 1836 [Japanese giant salamander]
Andrias matthewi Cook 1917
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Invalid names: Cryptobranchus mccalli Tihen and Chantell 1963 [synonym]
Andrias scheuchzeri Tschudi 1837
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Invalid names: Andrias tschudi von Meyer 1859 [synonym]
Invalid names: Megalobatrachus Tschudi 1837 [synonym]
Subfm. †Aviturinae Gubin 1991
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G. †Aviturus Gubin 1991
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Invalid names: Ulanurus Gubin 1991 [synonym]
G. †Zaissanurus Tschernov 1959
G. Cryptobranchus Leuckart 1821 [hellbender]
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Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Daudin 1803 [hellbender]
Cryptobranchus guildayi Holman 1977
Invalid names: Plicagnathus Cook 1917 [synonym], Sieboldia Blanchard 1871 [synonym]
G. †Eoscapherpeton Nessov 1981
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Eoscapherpeton asiaticum Nessov 1981
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Invalid names: Mynbulakia surgayi Nessov 1981 [synonym]
Eoscapherpeton superum Nessov 1997
Invalid names: Mynbulakia Nessov 1981 [synonym]
G. †Linglongtriton Jia and Gao 2019
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Linglongtriton daxishanensis Jia and Gao 2019
G. †Nuominerpeton Jia and Gao 2016
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Nuominerpeton aquilonaris Jia and Gao 2016
G. †Hemitrypus Cope 1876
Fm. Hynobiidae Cope 1866
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G. Batrachuperus Boulenger 1878 [Mountain salamanders]
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Batrachuperus mustersi Smith 1940 [Paghman mountain salamander]
G. Hynobius Tschudi 1838 [Asian salamanders]
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Hynobius boulengeri Thompson 1912 [Boulengers oriental salamander]
Hynobius formosanus Maki 1922 [Taiwan salamander]
Hynobius leechii Boulenger 1887 [Gensan salamander]
Hynobius naevius Temminck and Schlegel 1838 [Sagami salamander]
Hynobius nebulosus Temminck and Schlegel 1838 [Mitsjama salamander]
Hynobius retardatus Dunn 1923 [Noboribetsu salamander]
G. Liua Zhao and Hu 1983 [Sichuan salamanders]
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Liua shihi Liu 1950 [Sichuan salamander]
G. Onychodactylus Tschudi 1838 [Clawed salamanders]
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Onychodactylus fischeri Boulenger 1886 [Fischer's clawed salamander]
Onychodactylus japonicus Houttuyn 1782 [Japanese clawed salamander]
G. †Parahynobius Venczel 1999
G. Ranodon Kessler 1866 [Siberian salamanders]
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Ranodon tsinpaensis Liu and Hu 1966 [Shaanxi salamander]
G. †Iridotriton Evans et al. 2005
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Iridotriton hechti Evans et al. 2005
G. †Kiyatriton Averianov and Voronkevich 2002
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Kiyatriton krasnolutskii Skutchas 2016
Kiyatriton leshchinskiyi Averianov and Voronkevich 2002
G. †Laccotriton Gao et al. 1998
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Laccotriton subsolanus Gao et al. 1998
G. †Liaoxitriton Dong and Wang 1998
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Liaoxitriton zhongjiani Dong and Wang 1998
Fm. Menopomidae Cope 1875
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G. Menopoma Harlan
G. †Nesovtriton Skutschas 2009
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Nesovtriton mynbulakensis Skutschas 2009
G. †Nezpercius Blob et al. 2001
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Nezpercius dodsoni Blob et al. 2001
Fm. Plethodontidae Gray 1850 [lungless salamander]
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G. Aneides Baird 1849
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Aneides lugubris Baird 1849 [Arboreal salamander]
G. Batrachoseps Bonaparte 1839
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Batrachoseps attenuatus Escholtz 1833 [California slender salamander]
Batrachoseps relictus Brame and Murray 1968 [Relictual slender salamander]
Subfm. †Desmognathinae Gray 1850
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G. Desmognathus Baird 1850
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Desmognathus aeneus Brown and Bishop 1947 [Seepage salamander]
Desmognathus auriculatus Holbrook 1838 [Southern dusky salamander]
Desmognathus fuscus Rafinesque 1820 [Northern dusky salamander]
Desmognathus monticola Dunn 1916 [Seal salamander]
Desmognathus quadramaculatus Holbrook 1840 [Blackbelly salamander]
Desmognathus wrighti King 1936 [Pigmy salamander]
G. †Eurycea
G. Gyrinophilus Cope 1869
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G. Hemidactylium Tschudi
G. Manculus Cope 1869
G. †Palaeoplethodon Poinar and Wake 2015
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Palaeoplethodon hispaniolae Poinar and Wake 2015
G. Plethodon Tschudi 1838 [woodland salamander]
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Plethodon cinereus Green 1818 [Redback salamander]
Plethodon glutinosus Green 1818 [northern slimy salamander]
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G. Pseudotriton Tschudi 1838
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Pseudotriton ruber Sonnini 1802 [Red salamander]
G. Spelerpes Rafinesque 1832
G. Stereochilus Cope 1869
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Fm. Pleurodelidae Gray 1850
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G. Diemyctylus Rafinesque 1820
G. †Polysemia Meyer 1860
Fm. Proteidae Hogg 1838 [mudpuppy]
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G. †Euronecturus Macaluso et al. 2021
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Euronecturus grogu Macaluso et al. 2021
G. †Mioproteus Estes and Darevsky 1978
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Mioproteus caucasicus Estes and Darevsky 1978
Mioproteus gardneri Venczel and Codrea 2019
G. Necturus Rafinesque
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Necturus alabamensis Viosca 1937 [Alabama waterdog]
Necturus beyeri Viosca 1937 [Gulf Coast waterdog]
Necturus krausei Naylor 1978
Necturus lewisi Brimley 1934 [Neuse River wtaerdog]
Necturus maculosus Rafinesque 1818 [mudpuppy]
Necturus punctatus Gibbes 1850 [Dwarf waterdog]
G. †Orthophyia von Meyer 1845
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Orthophyia longa Meyer 1845
G. †Paranecturus DeMar, Jr. 2013
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Paranecturus garbanii DeMar, Jr. 2013
G. Proteus Laurenti 1768 [Old World blind cave salamander]
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Proteus anguinus Laurenti 1768 [olm]
Proteus bavaricus Brunner 1956
Fm. Rhyacotritonidae Tihen 1958 [torrent salamander]
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G. Rhyacotriton Dunn 1920 [torrent salamander]
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Rhyacotriton olympicus Gaige 1917 [Olympic torrent salamander]
G. Salamandra Laurenti 1768
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Salamandra goussardiana Lartet 1851
Salamandra lanzai Nascetti et al. 1988 [Lanzas fire salamander]
Salamandra mimula Brunner 1957
Salamandra opaca Gravenhorst 1807
Salamandra salamandra Linnaeus 1758 [Fire salamander]
Salamandra sansaniensis Lartet 1851
Fm. Salamandridae Gray 1825 [newt]
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G. †Archaeotriton von Meyer 1860
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G. †Brachycormus von Meyer 1860
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Brachycormus noachius Goldfuss 1831
G. †Carpathotriton Venczel 2008
G. †Chelotriton Pomel 1853
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Chelotriton ogygius Goldfuss 1831
Chelotriton paradoxus Pomel 1853
Chelotriton robustus Westphal 1979
G. Chioglossa Bocage 1868
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Chioglossa lusitanica Bocage 1864 [Gold-striped salamander]
Chioglossa meini Estes and Hoffstetter 1976
G. Euproctus Gené 1838 [European brook salamander]
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Euproctus rusconii Gene 1838 [Sardinian brook salamander]
G. †Koaliella Herre 1950
G. †Koalliella Herre 1950
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Koalliella genzeli Herre 1950
G. Lissotriton Bell 1839
G. †Megalotriton Zittel 1890
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Megalotriton filholi Zittel 1890
Megalotriton portisi De Stefano 1903
G. Mertensiella Wolterstorff 1925 [Caucasian salamander]
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Mertensiella caucasica Waga 1876 [Caucasian salamander]
Mertensiella luschani Steindachner 1891 [Luschans salamander]
G. Notophthalmus Rafinesque 1820
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Notophthalmus crassus Tihen 1974
Notophthalmus robustus Estes 1963
Notophthalmus slaughteri Holman 1966
Notophthalmus viridescens Rafinesque 1820 [Eastern newt]
G. †Oligosemia Longinos Navás 1922
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Oligosemia spinosa Longinos Navás 1922
G. †Palaeopleurodeles Herre 1941
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G. †Phosphotriton Tissier et al. 2016
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Phosphotriton sigei Tissier et al. 2016
G. Pleurodeles Michahelles 1830
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Pleurodeles waltl Michahelles 1830 [Iberian ribbed newt]
G. †Procynops Young 1965
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Procynops miocenicus Young 1965
G. Salamandrina Fitzinger 1826 [spectacled salamander]
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Salamandrina perspicillata Savi 1821 [Northern spectacled salamander]
Salamandrina terdigitata Lacepede 1788 [Southern spectacled salamander]
G. Taricha Gray 1850 [Roughskin newts]
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Subg. †Taricha (Palaeotaricha) van Frank 1955
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Taricha granulosa Skilton 1849 [Roughskin newt]
Taricha lindoei Naylor 1979
Taricha miocenica Tihen 1974
Taricha oligocenica van Frank 1955
Taricha torosa Rathke 1833 [California newt]
G. Triturus Rafinesque 1815
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Triturus cristatus Fitzinger 1843
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Invalid names: Triton cristatus Laurenti 1768 [replaced]
Triturus lacasianum Lartet 1851
Triturus marmoratus Latreille 1800 [marbled newt]
Triturus minimus Giebel 1847
Triturus montandoni Boulenger 1880
Triturus opalinus Meyer 1851
Triturus roehrsi Herre 1955
Triturus sansaniense Lartet 1851
Triturus schnaitheimi Herre and Lunau 1950
Triturus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 [smooth newt]
Triturus wintershofi Lunau 1950
Invalid names: Triton Laurenti 1768 [replaced]
G. Tylototriton Anderson 1871 [crocodile salamander]
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Tylototriton kweichowensis Fang and Chang 1932 [Kweichow crocodile newt]
Tylototriton taliangensis Liu 1950 [Pusakang crocodile newt]
Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson 1871 [Himalayan newt]
Tylototriton weigelti Herre 1935
Subor. Salamandroidea Noble 1931
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G. †Balveherpeton Skutschas et al. 2020
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Balveherpeton hoennetalensis Skutschas et al. 2020
G. †Beiyanerpeton Gao and Shubin 2012
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Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis Gao and Shubin 2012
G. †Jeholotriton Wang 2000
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G. †Nasopus Marsh 1894
G. †Pangerpeton Wang and Evans 2006
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Pangerpeton sinensis Wang and Evans 2006
G. †Qinglongtriton Jia and Gao 2016
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Qinglongtriton gangouensis Jia and Gao 2016
G. †Regalerpeton Zhang et al. 2009
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Regalerpeton weichangensis Zhang et al. 2009
Invalid names: Necturidae Fitzinger 1843 [empty]
G. †Seminobatrachus Skutschas and Gubin 2012
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Seminobatrachus boltyschkensis Skutschas and Gubin 2012
G. †Sinerpeton Gao and Shubin 2001
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Sinerpeton fengshanensis Gao and Shubin 2001
Fm. Sirenidae Gray 1825 [siren]
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G. †Adelphesiren Goin and Auffenberg 1958
G. †Habrosaurus Gilmore 1928
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Habrosaurus dilatus Gilmore 1928
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Invalid names: Adelphesiren olivae Goin and Auffenberg 1958 [synonym]
Habrosaurus prodilatus Gardner 2003
G. †Kababisha Evans et al. 1996
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Kababisha humarensis Evans et al. 1996
Kababisha sudanensis Evans et al. 1996
G. †Noterpeton Rage et al. 1993
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Noterpeton bolivianum Rage et al. 1993
G. Pseudobranchus Gray 1825 [dwarf siren]
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Pseudobranchus robustus Goin and Auffenberg 1955 [dwarf siren]
Pseudobranchus striatus Le Conte 1824 [Northern dwarf siren]
Pseudobranchus vetustus Goin and Auffenberg 1955 [dwarf siren]
G. Siren Linnaeus 1766 [siren]
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Siren dunni Goin and Auffenberg 1957
Siren hesterna Goin and Auffenberg 1955 [siren]
Siren lacertina Linnaeus 1766 [greater siren]
Siren miotexana Holman 1977
Siren simpsoni Goin and Auffenberg 1955 [Simpson's siren]
G. †Valdotriton Evans and Milner 1996 [Wealden newt]
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Valdotriton gracilis Evans and Milner 1996
Invalid names: Meantes Linnaeus 1766 [empty], Neocaudata Cannatella and Hillis 1993 [invalid subgroup], Thoriidae Cope 1869 [empty]
G. †Urupia Skutschas and Krasnolutskii 2011
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Urupia monstrosa Skutschas and Krasnolutskii 2011
Invalid names: Amphiumoidea [empty], Comonecturoides Hecht and Estes 1960 [nomen dubium], Comonecturoides marshi Hecht and Estes 1960 [nomen dubium], Karauroidea Estes 1981 [empty], Noterpetontidae Rage et al. 1993 [empty], Plethodontoidea [empty]