PBDB Collection

Bitterfeld amber (Kutscher Gottingen collection): Priabonian, Germany
collected by Manfred Kutscher

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Insecta - Diptera - Diopsidae

	Prosphyracephala succini (Loew 1873)	Schumann 1994	2 specimens
Insecta - Diptera - Limoniidae

	Cheilotrichia (Empeda) weitschati n. sp. Kopeć and Kania 2013	Kopeć and Kania 2013	1 specimen
	GZG Kutscher 86 (2 measurements)

	Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) brevipalpa (Loew 1851)	Kania 2015	1 specimen
	Kutscher 161
Insecta - Diptera - Ceratopogonidae

	Dasyhelea miocaenica n. sp. Szadziewski 1993	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-15 (1 measurement)

	Forcipomyia informal sp. Meigen 1818	Szadziewski 1993	3 specimens
	MKC K-33, 91, 105

	Forcipomyia (Trichohelea) bifidicola n. sp. Szadziewski 1993	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-6 (2 measurements)

	Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) sp. Meigen 1818	Szadziewski 1993	31 specimens

	Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (Brèthes 1914)	Szadziewski 1993	4 specimens
	MKC K-14, 28, 32, 98

	Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) tuberculosa n. sp. Szadziewski 1993	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-19 (2 measurements)

	Culicoides sp. Latreille 1809	Szadziewski 1993	8 specimens
	MKC K-5, 11, 24, 53, 56b, 93, 107

	Culicoides speciosus (Meunier 1904)	Szadziewski 1993	5 specimens
	MKC K-12, 25, 29(x2), 39

	Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea) kutscheri n. sp. Szadziewski 1993	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-66 (2 measurements)

	Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea) saxonica n. sp. Szadziewski 1993	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-61 (2 measurements)

	Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea) falcata (Meunier 1904)	Szadziewski 1993	2 specimens
	MKC K-44, K-70

	Ceratopogon sp. Meigen 1803	Szadziewski 1993	24 specimens

	Ceratopogon hennigi Szadziewski 1988	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-52

	Ceratopogon kotejai n. sp. Szadziewski 1993	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-48 (2 measurements)

	Ceratopogon forcipiformis Meunier 1904	Szadziewski 1993	3 specimens
	MKC K-26, 56a, 64

	Chimaerohelea nielseni (Szadziewski 1988)	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	original and current combination Meunierohelea nielseni
	MKC K-20 (2 measurements)

	Nannohelea sp. Grogan and Wirth 1980	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-49

	Serromyia sp. Meigen 1818	Szadziewski 1993	4 specimens
	MKC K-36, 58, 65, 69

	Serromyia alphea (von Heyden 1870)	Szadziewski 1993	2 specimens
	MKC K-84, K-96
	= Serromyia errata Szadziewski 2018	Szadziewski 2018

	Eohelea sinuosa (Meunier 1904)	Szadziewski 1993	5 specimens
	MKC K-2, 50, 103(x3)

	Fossihelea sp. Szadziewski 1988	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-95

	Fossihelea informal sp. B Szadziewski 1988	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-43

	Mantohelea gedanica Szadziewski 1988	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-58

	Brachypogon (Isohelea) sp. (Kieffer 1917)	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	MKC K-38

	Brachypogon (Isohelea) prominulus (Meunier 1904)	Szadziewski 1993	4 specimens
	MKC K-17, 35, 54, 85

	Brachypogon (Brachypogon) sp. Kieffer 1899	Szadziewski 1993	3 specimens
	MKC K-46, 57a,b

	Monohelea clunipes (Loew 1850)	Szadziewski 1993	1 specimen
	recombined as Monogedania clunipes
	MKC K-99
Insecta - Trichoptera

	Archaeotinodes dentinosa n. sp. Mey 1988	Mey 1988	1 specimen
Insecta - Trichoptera - Psychomyiidae

	Lype recta n. sp. Mey 1988	Mey 1988	1 specimen
Insecta - Trichoptera - Rhyacophilidae

	Rhyacophila kutscheri n. sp. Mey 1988	Mey 1988	1 specimen
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Formicidae

	Tetraponera simplex (Mayr 1868)	Dlussky 2009	3 specimens
	GZG.BST (MKC) 27.142, 27.157, 27.180

	Formica flori Mayr 1868	Perkovsky 2006	1 specimen
	F-079

	Formica kutscheri n. sp. Dlussky 2008	Dlussky 2008	1 specimen
	MKC F-67

	Formica gustawi Dlussky 2002	Dlussky 2008	2 specimens
	MKC F-68, F-75

	Plagiolepis solitaria Mayr 1868	Dlussky 2010	1 specimen
	GZG.BST (MKC) 25.024 (2 measurements)

	Plagiolepis paradoxa n. sp. Dlussky 2010	Dlussky 2010	1 specimen
	GZG.BST (MKC) 25.012 (2 measurements)

	Plagiolepis kuenowi (Mayr 1868)	Dlussky 2010	3 specimens
	GZG.BST (MKC) 25.081 (3 workers)

	Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr 1868	Dlussky et al. 2009	3 specimens
	F-010, F-129, F-130

	Prenolepis henschei Mayr 1868	LaPolla and Dlussky 2010	1 specimen
	GZG.BST (MKC) 27.086

	Nylanderia pygmaea (Mayr 1868)	LaPolla and Dlussky 2010	23 specimens
	GZG.BST (MKC) 27.011, 27.016 (x6), 27.020, 27.022, 27.026, 27.034, 27.036, 27.039, 27.040 (x5), 27.042, 27.043, 27.195, 27.196, 27.197

	Lasius schiefferdeckeri Mayr 1868	Perkovsky 2007	10 specimens
	MKK F-146 (x7), F-149 (x3)

	Hypoponera atavia (Mayr 1868)	Dlussky 2009	4 specimens
	GZG.BST (MKC) 27.009, 27.019, 27.028, 27.194 (2 measurements)

	Ponera wheeleri Dlussky 2009	Dlussky 2009	1 specimen
	GZG.BST (MKC) 27.064 (2 measurements)

	Pachycondyla tristis n. sp. Dlussky 2009	Dlussky 2009	1 specimen
	MKC 27.131 (1 measurement)

	Pachycondyla succinea (Mayr 1868)	Dlussky 2009	2 specimens
	GZG.BST (MKC) 27.018, 27.021

	Dolichoderus kutscheri n. sp. Dlussky 2008	Dlussky 2008	1 specimen
	F-089 (1 measurement)

	Dolichoderus brevipennis n. sp. Dlussky 2008	Dlussky 2008	1 specimen
	F-035

	Yantaromyrmex geinitzi (Mayr 1868)	Dlussky and Dubovikoff 2013	22 specimens
	including GZG.BST 27.023

	Anonychomyrma constricta (Mayr 1868)	Perkovsky 2006	1 specimen
	recombined as Yantaromyrmex constrictus
	F-145

	Yantaromyrmex samlandicus (Wheeler 1915)	Dlussky and Dubovikoff 2013	1 specimen
	GZG.BST MKC 27.144

	Ctenobethylus goepperti (Mayr 1868)	Perkovsky 2006	18 specimens
	13 in F-008, 3 in F-147, 1 in F-150, 1 in F-205

	Plesiomyrmex tubulatus n. gen., n. sp. Dlussky and Radchenko 2009	Dlussky and Radchenko 2009	1 specimen
	GZG.BST 27.193 (1 measurement)

	Carebara kutscheri n. sp. Radchenko et al. 2019	Radchenko et al. 2019	6 specimens
	GZG.BST.27.173 (holotype soldier and 3 workers), GZG.BST.27.178 (2 workers) (3 measurements)

	Stigmomyrmex venustus Mayr 1868	Radchenko and Dlussky 2017	1 specimen
	GZG.BST 27.176

	Pristomyrmex archaios n. sp. Radchenko and Dlussky 2018	Radchenko and Dlussky 2018	2 specimens
	GZG.BST 27.041 (1 measurement)

	Monomorium mayrianum Wheeler 1915	Perkovsky 2006	2 specimens
	MKK F-167

	Fallomyrma transversa Dlussky and Radchenko 2006	Dlussky and Radchenko 2006	2 specimens
	F-162 (2 workers)

	Gnamptogenys europaea (Mayr 1868)	Dlussky 2009	2 specimens
	GZG.BST (MKC) 27.013, 27.016a (2 measurements)

	Procerapachys annosus Wheeler 1915	Dlussky 2009	1 specimen
	GZG.BST (MKC) 27.103

	Bradoponera meyeri (Mayr 1868)	Dlussky 2009	1 specimen
	misspelling Bradoponera meieri
	GZG.BST (MKC) 27.101

	Protaneuretus mirabilis n. sp. Dubovikoff and Dlussky 2020	Dubovikoff et al. 2020	1 specimen
	GZG.BST.27160 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Megalyridae

	Prodinapsis succinalis Brues 1923		2 specimens
	GZG-BST-26981a,b
Insecta - Hemiptera - Aphididae

	Germaraphis sp. Heie 1967	Perkovsky 2006	26 specimens
	F-008 (x2), F-079 (x5), F-145 (x2), F-147 (x10), F-148, F-150, F-167, F-205 (x4)

	Germaraphis sp. Heie 1967	Perkovsky 2006	1 specimen
	MKK F-167
	= Germaraphis (Henningsenia) ungulata Heie 1967	Perkovsky 2009

	Germaraphis sp. Heie 1967	Perkovsky 2006	30 specimens
	MKK F-146 (x5), F-149 (x25)
	= Germaraphis dryoides Germar and Berendt 1856	Perkovsky 2007
	recombined as Germaraphis (Germaraphis) dryoides
Insecta - Hemiptera - Reduviidae

	Proptilocerus dolosus Wasmann 1932	Heiss 2009	2 specimens
Arachnida - Pseudoscorpiones - Pseudotyrannochthoniidae

	Centrochthonius bitterfeldicus n. sp. Schwarze et al. 2022	Schwarze et al. 2022	1 specimen
	GZG.BST.23850
Arachnida - Araneae - Uloboridae

	Hyptiomopes bitterfeldensis Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
Arachnida - Araneae - Dictynidae

	Chelicirrum stridulans Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
	K/AR/2
Arachnida - Araneae - Cyatholipidae

	Spinilipus bispinosus Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
	AR-7

	Spinilipus curvatus Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen

	Succinilipus sp. Wunderlich 1993	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen

	Succinilipus similis n. sp. Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
	K/AR/3
Arachnida - Araneae - Linyphiidae

	Custodela acutula n. sp. Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
	K/AR/17
Arachnida - Araneae - Anapidae

	Balticoroma gracilipes Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	7 specimens
	K/AR/15 (all in same piece)
Arachnida - Araneae - Theridiidae

	Lasaeola infulata (Koch and Berendt 1854)	Wunderlich 2008	1 specimen

	Succinobertus adjacens Wunderlich 2008	Wunderlich 2008	1 specimen

	Unispinatoda aculeata Wunderlich 2008	Wunderlich 2008	1 specimen

	Clya supercalefacta Wunderlich 2008	Wunderlich 2008	1 specimen

	Clya tricurvata Wunderlich 2008	Wunderlich 2008	1 specimen

	Hirsutipalpus varipes Wunderlich 2008	Wunderlich 2008	1 specimen

	Episinus longimanus (Koch and Berendt 1854)	Wunderlich 2008	1 specimen
	K/AR/6
Arachnida - Araneae - Mysmenidae

	Eomysmenopsis spinipes Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
Arachnida - Araneae - Araneidae

	Eonephila bitterfeldensis n. sp. Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
Arachnida - Araneae - Pholcidae

	Paraspermophora sp. Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
	K/AR/18
Arachnida - Araneae - Segestriidae

	Vetsegestria quinquespinosa Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	2 specimens
	K/AR/19, 20
Arachnida - Araneae - Tetrablemmidae

	Balticoblemma unicorniculum Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
	K/AR/5
Arachnida - Araneae - Archaeidae

	Archaea paradoxa Koch and Berendt 1854	Wunderlich 2004	2 specimens
	K/AR/10, K/AR/11

	Eoarchaea vidua Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
	K/AR/12

	Eoarchaea hyperoptica (Menge 1854)	Wunderlich 2004	4 specimens

	Saxonarchaea dentata Wunderlich 2004	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
Arachnida - Araneae - Dipluridae

	Clostes ? priscus Menge 1869	Wunderlich 2004	1 specimen
	T.10, B1
see common names

Geography

Country:	Germany	State/province:	Halle
Coordinates:	51.6° North, 12.4° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	50.4° North, 8.0° East

Time

Period:	Paleogene	Epoch:	Eocene
Stage:	Priabonian	10 m.y. bin:	Cenozoic 3
Key time interval:	Priabonian
Age range of interval:	37.71000 - 33.90000 m.y. ago

Stratigraphy

Stratigraphy comments: Bitterfeld amber occurs in the "Bernsteinschluff" Horizon, i.e. a part of the Upper "Bitterfelder Glimmersand" in the upper part of the Cottbus Formation. Detailed biostratigraphic investigations favor an uppermost Chattian age for the unit. Originally assigned a Miocene age, and then thought to be redeposited Baltic amber. The chemical composition of Bitterfeld amber is distinct from true Baltic amber (e.g., Sodhi et al., 2013). Hydrogen isotopes indicate that Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers have distinct geographic sources, but carbon isotopes and insects suggest Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers are coeval in age (Wolfe et al., 2016).

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	lithified amber
Environment:	terrestrial indet.

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body,soft parts,original chitin,amber
Size of fossils:	mesofossils

Collection methods and comments

Reason for describing collection:	taxonomic analysis
Collectors:	Manfred Kutscher
Collection method comments: Repository: collection of Manfred Kutscher, some in University of Göttingen (Geowissenschaftlisches Zentrum der Georg-August-Universität GZG)

Metadata

Also known as:	Saxonian amber
Database number:	129228
Authorizer:	M. Clapham	Enterer:	M. Clapham
Modifier:	M. Clapham	Research group:	paleoentomology
Created:	2012-06-22 02:26:33	Last modified:	2016-04-23 00:30:13
Access level:	the public	Released:	2012-06-22 02:26:33
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

42084.

V. Perrichot. 2009. Long-tailed wasps (Hymenoptera: Megalyridae) from Cretaceous and Paleogene European amber. Paleontological Contributions 1:1-35 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]

Secondary references:

44522		G. M. Dlussky. 2008. Ants of the Tribe Formicini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Late Eocene Amber of Europe. Paleontological Journal 42:500-513 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
44602		G. M. Dlussky. 2009. The ant subfamilies Ponerinae, Cerapachyinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the late Eocene ambers of Europe. Paleontological Journal 43:1043-1086 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
44621		G. M. Dlussky. 2010. Ants of the genus Plagiolepis Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Late Eocene ambers of Europe. Paleontological Journal 44:546-555 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
50040		G. M. Dlussky and D. A. Dubovikoff. 2013. Yantaromyrmex gen. n. – a new ant genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Late Eocene ambers of Europe. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 9:305-314 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
44624		G. M. Dlussky and A. G. Radchenko. 2009. Two new primitive ant genera from the late Eocene European ambers. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54:435-441 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
73467		D. A. Dubovikoff, G. M. Dlussky, E. E. Perkovsky and E. V. Abakumov. 2020. New species of the genus Protaneuretus Wheeler (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Bitterfeld amber (Late Eocene), with a key to the species of the genus. Paleontological Journal 54:389-391 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48711		E. Heiss. 2009. Über Holoptiliinae in Bernstein (Heteroptera, Reduviidae). Denisia 26:83-92 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
54896		I. Kania. 2015. Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic amber (Eocene): the genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860. PLoS One 10(2):e0117434 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
51068		K. Kopeć and I. Kania. 2013. A new species of Cheilotrichia Rossi, 1848 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Bitterfeld amber. Annales Zoologici 63:537-540 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
44618		J. S. LaPolla and G. M. Dlussky. 2010. Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 112:258-273 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
49532		W. Mey. 1988. Die Köcherfliegen des Sächsischen Bernsteins (III) (Trichoptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 35:299-309 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48022		E. E. Perkovsky. 2006. Occurrence of ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and aphid (Homoptera, Aphidinea) syninclusions in Saxonian and Rovno ambers. Paleontological Journal 40:190-192 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48021		E. E. Perkovsky. 2007. Sininklyuzy murav'ev Lasius schiefferdeckeri (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) i tlei roda Germaraphis (Homoptera, Aphidinea) v rovenskom i saksonskom yantare. Vestnik Zoologii 41:181-185 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48019		E. E. Perkovsky. 2009. On finding a single-clawed aphid, Germaraphis ungulata (Homoptera, Aphidinea), in a syninclusion with the ant Monomorium mayrianum (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Saxonian amber. Paleontological Journal 43:1006-1007 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
64109		A. Radchenko and G. M. Dlussky. 2017. New species of the extinct ant genus Stigmomyrmex Mayr and designation of the neotype of Stiphromyrmex robustus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Annales Zoologici 67:773-780 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
70349		A. Radchenko, G. M. Dlussky, and C. Gröhn. 2019. New extinct species of the ant genus Carebara (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the late Eocene European ambers. Annales Zoologici 69:609-616 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
66221		A. G. Radchenko and G. M. Dlussky. 2018. Two new fossil species of the ant genus Pristomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Rovno and Bitterfeld ambers. Annales Zoologici 68:251-258 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
49536		H. Schumann. 1994. Diopsiden-Funde im Sächsischen Bernstein (Diptera, Diopsidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 41:141-145 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
81266		D. Schwarze, D. Harms, J. U. Hammel and U. Kotthoff. 2022. The first fossils of the most basal pseudoscorpion family (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae): evidence for major biogeographical shifts in the European paleofauna. PalZ 96:11-27 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
45728		R. Szadziewski. 1993. Biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Miocene Saxonian amber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensis 35:603-656 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
64901		R. Szadziewski. 2018. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as indicators of biostratigraphy, ecological reconstructions and identification of amber deposits. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 107:219-230 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47837		J. Wunderlich. 2004. Fossil spiders of the family Dictynidae s. l., including Cryphoecinae and Hahniinae in Baltic and Dominican amber and copal from Madagascar, and on selected extant Holarctic taxa, with new descriptions and diagnoses. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1380-1482 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47821		J. Wunderlich. 2004. Fossil spiders of the family Uloboridae (Araneae) in Baltic and Dominican amber. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:851-886 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47824		J. Wunderlich. 2004. Fossil taxa of the family Araneidae (Araneae) inclusively Nephilinae in Baltic and Dominican amber, with the description of a new extinct subfamily and notes on selected extant taxa. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:956-997 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47826		J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil spiders of the family Anapidae s. l. (Araneae) in Baltic, Dominican and Mexican amber and their extant relatives, with the description of a new subfamily Comarominae. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1020-1111 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47817		J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil mygalomorph spiders (Araneae) in Baltic and Dominican amber and about extant members of the family Micromygalidae. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:595-631 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47828		J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil spiders (Araneae) of the family Cyatholipidae in Baltic amber. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1155-1188 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47818		J. Wunderlich. 2004. Fossil spiders (Araneae) of the superfamily Dysderoidea in Baltic and Dominican amber, with revised family diagnoses. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:633-746 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47834		J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil spiders of the family Linyphiidae in Baltic and Dominican amber (Araneae: Linyphiidae). In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1298-1373 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47819		J. Wunderlich. 2004. Fossil and extant spiders (Araneae) of the superfamily Eresoidea s.l., with special reference to the Archaeidae and remarks on some higher taxa of the superfamily Araneoidea. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:747-808 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47531		J. Wunderlich. 2008. On extant and fossil (Eocene) European comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on their subfamilies, and with descriptions of new taxa. Beiträge zur Araneologie 5:140-469 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]