Bug Creek Anthills: Late/Upper Maastrichtian, Montana
collected by Univ. of Minnesota 1962-1964
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Acipenseriformes
- Acipenseridae
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Acipenser eruciferus
(Cope 1876)
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Estes et al. 1969 | 7 elements | ||||||||
Acipenseriformes
- Polyodontidae
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Paleopsephurus wilsoni
MacAlpin 1947
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Estes et al. 1969 | 3 elements | ||||||||
Actinopteri
- Aspidorhynchiformes
- Aspidorhynchidae
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Belonostomus longirostris
(Lambe 1902)
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 element | ||||||||
Actinopteri
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Teleostei indet.
Müller 1846
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
numerous vertebrae and fragments | ||||||||||
Actinopteri
- Sciaenidae
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Platacodon nanus
Marsh 1889
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Estes et al. 1969 | 2 elements | ||||||||
Actinopteri
- Elopiformes
- Elopidae
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Elopidae indet.
Bonaparte 1846
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 element | ||||||||
Actinopteri
- Elopiformes
- Phyllodontidae
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cf. Paralbula casei
Estes 1969
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 element | ||||||||
Actinopteri
- Albuliformes
- Albulidae
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Coriops amnicolus
Estes 1969
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Estes et al. 1969 | 3 elements | ||||||||
Actinopteri
- Lepisosteiformes
- Lepisosteidae
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Lepisosteus occidentalis
(Leidy 1856)
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Estes et al. 1969 | 25 elements | ||||||||
original and current combination Lepidotus occidentalis | ||||||||||
Actinopteri
- Amiiformes
- Amiidae
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Amia sp.
Linnaeus 1766
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 element | ||||||||
not sure. perhaps Protamia | ||||||||||
Amia fragosa
Jordan 1927
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Estes et al. 1969 | 94 elements | ||||||||
Actinopteri
- Amiiformes
- Palaeolabridae
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Palaeolabrus montanensis
Estes 1969
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Estes et al. 1969 | 7 elements | ||||||||
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
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Anura indet.
(Fischer von Waldheim 1813)
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Estes et al. 1969 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
Scotiophryne pustulosa n. gen., n. sp.
Estes 1969
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Estes et al. 1969 | 11 specimens | ||||||||
MCZ 3623-3626; AMNH 26422; UALVP 40155-60 | ||||||||||
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Discoglossidae
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Discoglossidae indet.
Günther 1859
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Estes et al. 1969 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
cf. Barbourula sp.
Taylor and Noble 1924
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Palaeobatrachidae
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Palaeobatrachus occidentalis
Estes and Sanchíz 1982
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Gardner 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
UALVP 40163 | ||||||||||
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Pelobatidae
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? Eopelobates sp.
Parker 1929
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
= cf. Eopelobates sp.
Parker 1929
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Gardner 2008 | |||||||||
UALVP 40164 | ||||||||||
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Batrachosauroididae
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Opisthotriton kayi
Auffenberg 1961
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Estes et al. 1969 | 107 specimens | ||||||||
Prodesmodon copei
Estes 1964
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Estes et al. 1969 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Cuttysarkus mcnallyi
Estes 1964
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Estes et al. 1969 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
synonym of Prodesmodon copei | ||||||||||
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Urodela
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cf. Piceoerpeton sp.
Meszoely 1967
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Naylor 1983 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
UA 14918 (atlas) | ||||||||||
= Piceoerpeton naylori n. sp.
Gardner 2012
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Gardner 2012 | |||||||||
UALVP 14918 - type (atlantal centrum); referred specimen: UALVP 40122, trunk vertebra | ||||||||||
Lisserpeton bairdi n. gen., n. sp.
Estes 1965
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20 specimens | |||||||||
some specimens were uncatalogued | ||||||||||
Scapherpeton tectum
Cope 1876
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Estes et al. 1969 | 61 specimens | ||||||||
Habrosaurus dilatus
Gilmore 1928
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Estes et al. 1969 | 9 specimens | ||||||||
Proamphiuma cretacea
Estes 1969
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Estes et al. 1969 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Albanerpetontidae
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Albanerpetontidae indet.
Fox and Naylor 1982
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Gardner 2000 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
Albanerpeton nexuosus
Estes 1981
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Gardner 2000 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Reptilia
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Coniophis precedens
Marsh 1892
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
nomen dubium belonging to Serpentes | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Boidae
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? Erycinae indet.
Bonaparte 1825
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Reptilia
- Xantusiidae
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Xantusiidae indet.
Baird 1858
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Gao and Fox 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
UALVP 29840 (gen. et sp. nov.) | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Cordylidae
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? Cordylidae informal indet. B
Gray 1837
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Gao and Fox 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
UALVP 29722 (dentary) | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Xenosauridae
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Exostinus lancensis
Gilmore 1928
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Estes et al. 1969 | 4 specimens | ||||||||
plus specimen reported by Gao & Fox (1996), UALVP 29919 (frontal) | ||||||||||
Reptilia
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Paraderma bogerti
Estes 1964
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Reptilia
- Varanidae
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Palaeosaniwa cf. canadensis
Gilmore 1928
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
MCZ 3665 (large vertebra) | ||||||||||
= Varanidae indet.
Hardwicke and Gray 1824
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Gao and Fox 1996 | |||||||||
'lack of information on the morphologies of the condylar cup, precondylar constriction, and neural spine prevents a definite referral of this specimen to Palaeosaniwa' | ||||||||||
Reptilia
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Colpodontosaurus cracens
Estes 1964
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Estes et al. 1969 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
Gao & Fox (1996): UALVP 29785-29786 | ||||||||||
Parasaniwa wyomingensis
Gilmore 1928
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Estes et al. 1969 | 11 specimens | ||||||||
plus Gao & Fox (1996) specimens: UALVP 33357-33360 (maxilla), 33361 and several unnumbered (dentaries), 33362, 33363 (pterygoids), 33364, 33365 (parietals) | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Anguidae
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Pancelosaurus piger
(Gilmore 1928)
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Estes et al. 1969 | 15 specimens | ||||||||
recombined as Odaxosaurus piger | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Chamopsiidae
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Haptosphenus placodon
Estes 1964
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Meniscognathus altmani
Estes 1964
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Gao and Fox 1996 | 4 specimens | ||||||||
UALVP 29775, 29779 (maxilla), and 29776, 29831 (dentaries) | ||||||||||
Chamops segnis
Marsh 1892
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Estes et al. 1969 | 12 specimens | ||||||||
Additional specimens from Gao & Fox (1996): UALVP 29724-29726, 29730, 29737-29738 (maxilla), and 29721, 29723, 29815 (dentaries) | ||||||||||
Leptochamops denticulatus
(Gilmore 1928)
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Peneteius aquilonius
Estes 1969
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Peneteius aquilonius n. gen., n. sp.
Estes 1969
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Estes 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
MCZ 3612 (holotype dentary) | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Globauridae
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Contogenys sloani n. gen., n. sp.
Estes 1969
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Estes 1969 | 5 specimens | ||||||||
MCZ 3682-3684; OMNH 59221; UALVP 29839 | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Emydidae
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? Emydinae indet.
Rafinesque 1815
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Estes et al. 1969 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
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Trionyx sp.
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
= Trionychidae indet.
Gray 1825
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Alroy 2006 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Adocidae
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Adocus sp.
Cope 1868
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Reptilia
- Baenidae
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Baenidae informal indet. undescribed genus and species 1
Cope 1882
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
Baenidae informal indet. 2
Cope 1882
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
"undescribed genus and species" | ||||||||||
Palatobaena bairdi
Gaffney 1972
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Gaffney 1972 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
MCZ 3515 (right maxilla), and a specimen referred by Lyson & Joyce (2009): AMNH 8277 (complete lower jaws) | ||||||||||
Eubaena cephalica
(Hay 1904)
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Gaffney 1972 | 6 specimens | ||||||||
MCZ 3530 (both parietals), AMNH 4948 (skull), MCZ 3510, 3511, 3512, 3519 (maxillae), MCZ 3525 (right parietal) | ||||||||||
Reptilia
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Compsemys victa
(Leidy 1856)
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Leidyosuchus sternbergi
(Gilmore 1910)
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
recombined as Borealosuchus sternbergii | ||||||||||
Brachychampsa montana
Gilmore 1911
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Reptilia
- Theropoda
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Theropoda indet.
Marsh 1881
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
Reptilia
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Paronychodon lacustris
Cope 1876
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
nomen dubium belonging to Paronychodon | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Dromaeosauridae
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? Dromaeosauridae indet.
Colbert and Russell 1969
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Coeluridae
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? Coeluridae indet.
Marsh 1881
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
Reptilia
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Thescelosaurus neglectus
Gilmore 1913
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
= Orodromeus makelai
Horner and Weishampel 1988
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Galton 1995 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Hadrosauridae
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Anatosaurus sp.
Lull and Wright 1942
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
synonym of Edmontosaurus | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Ceratopsidae
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Triceratops sp.
Marsh 1889
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Pachycephalosauridae
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? Pachycephalosauridae indet.
Sternberg 1945
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Estes et al. 1969 | |||||||||
Reptilia
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Champsosaurus sp.
Cope 1876
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Estes et al. 1969 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Rajiformes
- Rhinobatidae
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Myledaphus bipartitus
Cope 1876
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 element | ||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Hybodontiformes
- Lonchidiidae
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Lonchidion selachos
Estes 1964
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Estes et al. 1969 | 1 element | ||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | United States | State/province: | Montana | County: | McCone County |
Coordinates: | 47.8° North, 106.1° West (view map) | ||||
Paleocoordinates: | 54.4° North, 79.0° West | ||||
Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark | ||||
Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
Period: | Cretaceous | Epoch: | Late/Upper Cretaceous |
Stage: | Maastrichtian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cretaceous 8 |
*Period: | Cretaceous - Cretaceous | *Epoch: | Late/Upper Cretaceous - Late/Upper Cretaceous |
*International age/stage: | Maastrichtian - Maastrichtian | ||
Key time interval: | Late/Upper Maastrichtian | ||
Age range of interval: | 72.10000 - 66.00000 m.y. ago | ||
* legacy (obsolete) database fields |
Stratigraphy
Formation: | Hell Creek | ||||
Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: upper 1/3 of formation, 80 ft below coal bed |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | current ripples sandstone |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Lithology description: "a cross-bedded stram channel" | |
Environment: | coarse channel fill |
Geology comments: 'Coastal plain deposits' |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Preservation of anatomical detail: | good |
Disassociated minor elements: | some |
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes: | some macrofossils,some microfossils | ||
Collection methods: | surface (float),anthill,field collection | ||
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis | ||
Collectors: | Univ. of Minnesota | Collection dates: | 1962-1964 |
Taxonomic list comments:mammal fauna said to be present |
Metadata
Also known as: | Bug Creek, BCA, OMNH V1173 | ||
Database number: | 13142 | ||
Authorizer: | E. Fara, P. Mannion, J. Alroy, R. Benson, M. Carrano | Enterer: | E. Fara, J. Alroy, P. Mannion, M. Carrano, R. Benson |
Modifier: | G. Varnham | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 2002-01-23 07:05:23 | Last modified: | 2022-02-01 07:35:55 |
Access level: | group members | Released: | 2002-04-23 07:05:23 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
4377. | 5% 41840 | R. Estes. 1965. A new fossil salamander from Montana and Wyoming. Copeia 1965(1):90-95 [E. Fara/E. Fara/J. Alroy] |
Secondary references:
18120 | J. Alroy. 2006. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil vertebrates. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
38165 | J. D. Archibald and J. H. Hutchison. 1979. Revision of the genus Palatobaena (Testudines, Baenidae), with the description of a new species. Postilla 177:1-19 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/P. Holroyd] | |
37920 | R. Estes. 1969. Relationships of two Cretaceous lizards (Sauria, Teiidae). Breviora 317:1-8 [R. Benson/R. Benson] | |
12167 | ETE | R. Estes. 1969. A scincoid lizard from the Cretaceous and Paleocene of Montana. Breviora 331:1-9 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/R. Benson] |
4381 | 5% 40240 | R. Estes, P. Berberian, and C. A. M. Meszoely. 1969. Lower vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation, McCone County, Montana. Breviora 337:1-33 [E. Fara/E. Fara/M. Carrano] |
704 | E. S. Gaffney. 1972. The systematics of the North American family Baenidae (Reptilia, Cryptodira). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147(5):245-312 [J. Alroy/M. Sommers/R. Benson] | |
12971 | ETE | P. M. Galton. 1995. The species of the basal hypsilophodontid dinosaur Thescelosaurus Gilmore (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 198(3):297-311 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |
37933 | K. -Q. Gao and R. C. Fox. 1996. Taxonomy and evolution of Late Cretaceous lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Canada. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of natural History 33:1-107 [R. Benson/R. Benson] | |
42675 | J. D. Gardner. 2000. Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of North America. Geodiversitas 22(3):349-388 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano] | |
52044 | J. D. Gardner. 2008. New information on frogs (Lissamphibia: Anura) from the Lance Formation (Maastrichtian) and Bug Creek Anthills (late Maastrichtian and early Paleocene), Hell Creek Formation, USA. In J. T. Sankey & S. Baszio (ed.), Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography 219-249 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano] | |
44340 | J. D. Gardner. 2012. Revision of Piceoerpeton MESZOELY (Caudata: Scapherpetontidae) and description of a new species from the late Maastrichtian and ? early Paleocene of western North America. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(6):611-620 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion] | |
52039 | J. D. Gardner and M. Böhme. 2008. Review of the Albanerpetontidae (Lissamphibia), with comments on the paleoecological preferences of European Tertiary albanerpetontids. In J. T. Sankey & S. Baszio (ed.), Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography 178-218 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] | |
38940 | B. G. Naylor. 1983. New salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) atlantes from the Upper Cretaceous of North America. Journal of Paleontology 57(1):48-52 [R. Benson/R. Benson] | |
31563 | ETE | R. L. Nydam and B. M. Fitzpatrick. 2009. The occurrence of Contogenys-like lizards in the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary of the Western Interior of the U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3):677-701 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/P. Mannion] |
53515 | R. E. Sloan. 1976. The ecology of dinosaur extinction. In C. S. Churcher (ed.), Athlon: Essays on Palaeontology in Honor of Loris Shano Russell. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publications 134-154 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] | |
53471 | J. Smit and S. van der Kaars. 1984. Terminal Cretaceous extinctions in the Hell Creek area, Montana: compatible with catastrophic extinction. Science 223(4641):1177-1179 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |