Sandarve Kulle, steep hillock 1 km north of Fardhem Church: Gorstian, Sweden

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Protoathyris didyma
Crinoidea
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821
Polychaeta - Sabellida - Serpulidae
Spirorbis sp. Daudin 1800
unclassified
Brachiopoda indet. Cuvier 1805
Lingulata - Lingulida - Lingulidae
Lingula lewisi
Lingulata - Lingulida - Discinidae
Orbiculoidea sp. d'Orbigny 1847
Craniata - Craniopsida - Craniopsidae
Craniops implicata
Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Leptostrophiidae
Leptostrophia impressa
Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Leptaenoideidae
? Leptaenoidea ? silurica Hedström 1917
Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae
Leptaena rhomboidalis (Wahlenberg 1818)
recombined as Leptaena (Leptaena) rhomboidalis
Rhynchonellata - Pentamerida - Pentameridae
Conchidium knighti (Sowerby 1813)
recombined as Kirkidium knighti
Rhynchonellata - Pentamerida - Subrianidae
Conchidium conchidium
Rhynchonellata - Pentamerida - Gypidulidae
Gypidula galeata (Dalman 1828)
Rhynchonellata - Atrypida - Lissatrypidae
Lissatrypa sp. Twenhofel 1914
Rhynchonellata - Atrypida - Atrypidae
Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus 1758)
original and current combination Anomia reticularis
Plectatrypa marginalis
Rhynchonellata - Spiriferida - Delthyrididae
Delthyris elevata Dalman 1828
"Spirifer" insignis Hedström 1923
recombined as Holcospirifer insignis
Hedstroem
Rhynchonellata - Spiriferida - Cyrtiidae
Eospirifer interlineatus
Eospirifer schmidti
Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Draboviidae
"Orthis" tubulata Lindström 1861
recombined as Salopina tubulata
Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Dicoelosiidae
Dicoelosia biloba (Linnaeus 1758)
Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Dalmanellidae
Levenea canaliculata (Lindström 1861)
Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Plaesiomyidae
Dinorthis rigida
Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Hesperorthidae
Ptychopleurella bouchardi (Davidson 1847)
Rhynchonellata - Rhynchonellida - Hebetoechiidae
Sphaerirhynchia wilsoni (de Sowerby 1816)
Rhynchonellata - Athyridida - Dayiidae
Dayia navicula (Sowerby 1839)
Rhynchonellata - Athyridida - Rhynchospirinidae
Rhynchospirina baylei
unclassified
Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831
Stenolaemata - Cystoporata - Fistuliporidae
Fistulipora sp. McCoy 1850
Paragastropoda - Mimospirida - Onychochilidae
Cyclonema perversum (Lindström 1884)
recombined as Onychochilus perversa
Onychochilus reticulatum Lindström 1884
Paragastropoda - Mimospirida - Clisospiridae
Onychochilus cochleatum Lindström 1884
recombined as Mimospira cochleata
Tergomya - Tryblidiida - Tryblidiidae
Palaeacmaea solarium Lindström 1884
recombined as Pilina solarium
Cephalopoda
Cephalopoda indet. Cuvier 1797
Cephalopoda - Discosorida - Phragmoceratidae
Phragmoceras praecurvum
Phragmoceras sp. Broderip 1839
Cephalopoda - Ascocerida - Ascoceratidae
Ascoceras cucumis
Ascoceras decipiens
Ascoceras manubrium
Ascoceras pupa
Ascoceras reticulatum
Ascoceras sipho
Ascoceras sp. Barrande 1847
Glossoceras gracile
Cephalopoda - Tarphycerida - Ophidioceratidae
Ophidioceras reticulatum
synonym of Ophioceras
Ophidioceras rota
synonym of Ophioceras
Cephalopoda - Oncocerida
Gomphoceras sp. Sowerby 1839
Cephalopoda - Oncocerida - Trimeroceratidae
Plemeroceras cassis Stridsberg 1985
Stridsberg 1985
Pentameroceras mirum
Stridsberg 1985
Cephalopoda - Orthocerida - Orthoceratidae
Orthoceras sp. Breynius 1832
Rostroconchia - Conocardiida
Conocardium sp. Bronn 1835
    = Conocardioidea sp. Miller 1889
Wagner 2023
Gastropoda
Pleurotomaria sp. Defrance 1826
    = Gastropoda sp. Cuvier 1795
Wagner 2023
was Pleurotomaria sp.
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795
Gastropoda - Meekospiridae
Machrochilina bulimina (Lindström 1884)
recombined as Auriptygma bulimina
Gastropoda - Bellerophontida - Bucaniidae
Megalomphala gotlandica Peel 1991
Peel 1991
Bellerophon taenia Lindström 1884
recombined as Megalomphala taenia
Tremanotus compressus Lindström 1884
Gastropoda - Bellerophontida - Bellerophontidae
Bellerophon gemma Lindström 1884
recombined as Bucanopsis gemma
Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Platyceratidae
Cyclonema sp. Hall 1852
Cyclonema cancellatum Angelin and Lindström 1880
Cyclonema apicatum Lindström 1884
Cyclonema adstrictum Lindström 1884
recombined as Platyostoma adstrictum
Platyceras cornutum (Hisinger 1837)
recombined as Platyostoma cornutum
Platyceras spiratum (de Sowerby and Murchison 1839)
    = Platyostoma cornutum Hisinger 1837
Wagner 2023
Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Craspedostomatidae
Craspedostoma elegantulum Lindström 1884
Craspedostoma glabrum Lindström 1884
Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Oriostomatidae
Holopea nux Lindström 1884
recombined as Oriostoma nux
Cyclonema distans Lindström 1884
recombined as Oriostoma distans
Oriostoma coronatum Lindström 1884
Cyclonema zonatum Lindström 1884
recombined as Oriostoma zonatum
Poleumita globosum (von Schlotheim 1820)
recombined as Oriostoma globosum
"Oriostoma" nitidissimum Lindström 1884
recombined as Morphotropis nitidissimum
Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Anomphalidae
Pycnomphalus acutus Lindström 1884
Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Pseudophoridae
Trochus cavus Lindström 1884
recombined as Pseudophorus cavus
Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Euomphalidae
Poleumita discors (Sowerby 1814)
Euomphalus walmstedti Lindström 1884
    = Poleumita walmstedti Lindström 1884
Wagner 1999
Pleurotomaria planorbis (Bronn 1835)
original and current combination Centrifugus planorbis
Pleurotomaria cirrhosa Lindström 1884
recombined as Euomphalopterus cirrhosa
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Lophospiridae
Pleurotomaria bicincta
    = Lophospira gothlandica Ulrich and Scofield 1897
Ulrich and Scofield 1897
recombined as Loxoplocus gothlandicus
Murchisonia imbricata Lindström 1884
recombined as Frodospira imbricata
Murchisonia cochleata Lindström 1884
recombined as Frodospira cochleata
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Subulitidae
Euchrysalis lineolata Lindström 1884
recombined as Subulites lineolata
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Hormotomidae
Murchisonia compressa Lindström 1884
recombined as Catazone compressa
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Murchisoniidae
Murchisonia paradoxa Lindström 1884
recombined as Morania paradoxa
Murchisonia attenuata Lindström 1884
replaced by Michelia whiteavesi
Murchisonia deflexa Lindström 1884
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Porcelliidae
Murchisonia cancellata Lindström 1884
recombined as Quadricarina cancellata
Pleurotomaria glandiformis Lindström 1884
recombined as Quadricarina glandiformis
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Phanerotrematidae
Pleurotomaria lloydi (de Sowerby and Murchison 1839)
recombined as Ulrichospira lloydii
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Gosseletinidae
Pleurotomaria gradata Lindström 1884
recombined as Conotoma gradata
"Pleurotomaria" linnarsoni (Lindström 1884)
recombined as Stenoloron linnarssoni
Pleurotomaria voluta Lindström 1884
recombined as Platyloron voluta
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Soleniscidae
Machrochilina cancellata (Lindström 1884)
recombined as Decorochilina cancellata
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Loxonematidae
Murchisonia crispa Lindström 1884
recombined as Loxonema crispa
Loxonema fasciatum Lindström 1884
Loxonema strangulatum Lindström 1884
Holopella minuta Lindström 1884
recombined as Rhabdostropha minuta
Bivalvia
Lamellibranchiata indet. Blainville
synonym of Bivalvia
Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Malletiidae
Caesariella lindensis (Soot-Ryen 1964)
Liljedahl 1992
Soot-Ryen 1964
Bivalvia - Modiomorphida - Cypricardiniidae
Cypricardinia crispula
Bivalvia - Modiomorphida - Modiomorphidae
Goniophora sp. Phillips 1848
Liljedahl 1992
Goniophora cymbaeformis (Sowerby 1839)
recombined as Goniophora (Goniophora) cymbaeformis
Bivalvia - Lucinida - Lucinidae
Ilionia prisca (Hisinger 1837)
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Rhombopteriidae
Rhombopteria sp. Jackson 1890
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Pterineidae
Pterinea nodulosa
Actinopterella sp. Williams 1908
Bivalvia - Myalinida - Ambonychiidae
Mytilarca sp. Hall and Whitfield 1869
Liljedahl 1992
Bivalvia - Cyrtodontida - Cyrtodontidae
Yonginella amica Liljedahl 1992
Liljedahl 1992
Bivalvia - Arcida - Frejidae
Freja nodosa
Liljedahl 1992
(Soot-Ryen 1964)
Tentaculita
Autodetus calyptratus
synonym of Anticalyptraea
Tentaculita - Cornulitida - Cornulitidae
Cornulites serpularius
Ostracoda
Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802
Ostracoda - Palaeocopida - Beyrichiidae
Neobeyrichia nodulosa
synonym of Beyrichia
Neobeyrichia sp.
synonym of Beyrichia
Ostracoda - Palaeocopida
Hemsiella maccoyana
Ostracoda - Leperditicopida - Leperditiidae
Leperditia gregaria
Trilobita
Trilobita indet. Walch 1771
Trilobita - Corynexochida - Illaenidae
Bumastus sp. Murchison 1839
Trilobita - Phacopida - Calymenidae
Calymene sp. Brongniart 1822
Trilobita - Phacopida - Encrinuridae
Encrinurus punctatus (Wahlenberg 1821)
Trilobita - Phacopida - Cheiruridae
Sphaerexochus sp. Beyrich 1845
Sphaerexochus laciniatus Lindström 1885
Trilobita - Phacopida - Dalmanitidae
Dalmanites obtusus
Trilobita - Proetida - Proetidae
Proetus sp. Steininger 1831
Proetus conspersus Angelin 1855
Anthozoa
Anthozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1834
Anthozoa - Stauriida - Cyathophyllidae
Cyathophyllum disectum
Cyathophyllum sp. Goldfuss 1826
Anthozoa - Stauriida - Entelophyllidae
Entelophyllum fasciculatum
Anthozoa - Stauriida - Acervulariidae
Acervularia ananas
Anthozoa - Cystiphyllida - Cystiphyllidae
Hedstroemophyllum sp. (Wedekind 1927)
original and current combination Cystiphyllum (Hedstroemophyllum)
Anthozoa - Heliolitida - Heliolitidae
Heliolites interstinctus
Heliolites parvistella
Heliolites sp. Dana 1846
Heliolites barrandei Penecke 1887
Anthozoa - Heliolitida - Proporidae
Diploepora grayi
Anthozoa - Heliolitida - Plasmoporidae
Plasmopora heliolitoides
Plasmopora rosa
Plasmopora rudis
Plasmopora suprema
Anthozoa - Heliolitida - Halysitidae
Halysites catenularius (Linnaeus 1767)
Anthozoa - Favositida - Syringolitidae
Roemeria kunthiana Lindström 1896
recombined as Syringolites kunthianus
Anthozoa - Favositida - Favositidae
Favosites sp. Lamarck 1816
Favosites gothlandicus Lamarck 1816
Anthozoa - Favositida - Coenitidae
Coenites variabilis
Anthozoa - Auloporida - Auloporidae
Aulopora reomeri
Aulopora sp. Goldfuss 1829
Anthozoa - Auloporida - Syringoporidae
Syringopora sp. Goldfuss 1826
Stromatoporoidea - Stromatoporoidea
Stromatoporoidea indet. Nicholson and Murie 1878
Stromatoporoidea - Labechiida - Labechiidae
Labechia conferta (Lonsdale 1839)
Algae
Algae indet.
Rhodophyceae - Solenoporaceae
Solenopora sp. Dybowski 1877
unclassified
Rothpletzella sp. Wood 1948
see common names

Geography
Country:Sweden State/province:Gotland
Coordinates: 57.3° North, 18.3° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:18.7° South, 2.5° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period:Silurian Epoch:Ludlow
Stage:Gorstian 10 m.y. bin:Silurian 2
*International age/stage:Gorstian - Ludfordian
Key time interval:Gorstian
Age range of interval:427.40000 - 425.60000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Hemse Beds Member:Unit D
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: "reef rocks"
Secondary lithology: "limestone"
Environment:reef, buildup or bioherm Tectonic setting:cratonic basin
Geology comments: SEP: clear environmental call based on given info
Taphonomy
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:paleoecologic analysis
Collection method comments: Riksmuseet
Taxonomic list comments:Algae also included.
Metadata
Also known as:Formerly: Hemse Beds: Fossils of Hoburgen-type reef limestone (Manten 1971, Table XIX)
Database number:13603
Authorizer:M. Foote, P. Wagner Enterer:M. Foote, P. Wagner
Modifier:P. Wagner Research group:marine invertebrate
Created:2002-04-15 15:26:30 Last modified:2007-03-22 14:55:43
Access level:the public Released:2002-04-15 15:26:30
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
6128. A. A. Manten. 1971. Silurian Reefs of Gotland. Developments in Sedimentology 13:1-539 [M. Foote/M. Foote/P. Wagner]

Secondary references:

15542 L. Liljedahl. 1992. Yonginella, a new bivalve (Mollusca) from the Silurian of Gotland. Journal of Paleontology 66(2):211-214 [P. Wagner/P. Wagner]
16254 J. S. Peel. 1991. Salpingostomatiform and related bellerophontacean gastropods from Greenland and the Baltic region. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin 161:67-116 [P. Wagner/P. Wagner]
6137 S. Stridsberg. 1985. Silurian oncocerid cephalopods from Gotland. Fossils and Strata (18)1-65 [M. Foote/M. Foote/M. Foote]
11411 E. O. Ulrich and W. H. Scofield. 1897. The Lower Silurian Gastropoda of Minnesota. The Paleontology of Minnesota 39(2):813-1081 [P. Wagner/P. Wagner/P. Wagner]
9042 P. J. Wagner. 2023. Paleozoic Gastropod, Rostroconch, Helcionelloid and Tergomyan Database (2006 - 2023). [P. Wagner/P. Wagner/P. Wagner]