Bitterfeld amber (Grabenhorst collection): Priabonian, Germany
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Insecta
- Lepidoptera
- Micropterigidae
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Wichardius fossiliphilus
Mey 2019
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Mey 2019 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst Ld-35, Ld-48, Ld-64 | ||||||||||
Klausnitzerellus saxonicus
Mey 2019
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Mey 2019 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst Ld-36, Ld-51 | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Trichoptera
- Leptoceridae
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Electroadicella bitterfeldi
Wichard 2013
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Wichard 2013 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grohn 3292 | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Trichoptera
- Polycentropodidae
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Plectrocnemia paulseni n. sp.
Wichard and Weitschat 1996
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Wichard and Weitschat 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Hymenoptera
- Apidae
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Amelikertotes clypeata
(Engel 2001)
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Engel and Davis 2021 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Insecta
- Hemiptera
- Xylococcidae
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Xylococcus grabenhorsti
Koteja 2008
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Koteja 2008 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst Coc-11, Coc-18 | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Hemiptera
- Weitschatidae
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Weitschatus stigmatus
Koteja 2008
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Koteja 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst Coc-41 | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Hemiptera
- Miridae
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Metoisops grabenhorsti n. sp.
Herczek and Popov 2014
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Herczek and Popov 2014 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIH Grabenhorst Het-7 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Hemiptera
- Tingidae
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Intercader saxonicus n. sp.
Golub and Popov 2007
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Golub and Popov 2007 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIH 4601 (ex. Grabenhorst coll.) (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Hemiptera
- Aradidae
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Aradus grabenhorsti n. sp.
Heiss 2013
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Heiss 2013 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Archaeidae
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Archaea paradoxa
Koch and Berendt 1854
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Saxonarchaea diabolica
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-76, AR-79 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Telemidae
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? Telema moritzi
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-93, AR-98 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Anapidae
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Balticoroma serafinorum
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
AR-26,AR-99 | ||||||||||
Balticoroma ernstorum
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-68 | ||||||||||
Ruganapis scutata
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2011 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst Ar-170 | ||||||||||
Saxonanapis grabenhorsti n. sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Fossilanapis eichmanni n. sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Eichmann | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Nesticidae
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Eopopino rudloffi n. sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-65 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Theridiosomatidae
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Eotheridiosoma sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Mysmenidae
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Mysmena groehni
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Synotaxidae
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Eosynotaxus bitterfeldensis n. sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-36 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Araneidae
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Graea bitterfeldensis n. sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
recombined as Eustaloides bitterfeldensis | ||||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-56 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Cyatholipidae
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Balticolipus kruemmeri
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-99 | ||||||||||
Succinilipus sp.
Wunderlich 1993
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Wunderlich 2004 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
At least one male and AR-98 (female) | ||||||||||
Succinilipus saxoniensis n. sp.
Wunderlich 1993
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Wunderlich 1993 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIH 3600 (coll. Kutscher) | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Theridiidae
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Ulesanis parva n. sp.
Wunderlich 2008
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH Eichmann AR-41 | ||||||||||
? Lasaeola informal sp. 2
Simon 1881
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH Grabenhorst AR-156 | ||||||||||
Lasaeola informal sp. 3
Simon 1881
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH Grabenhorst AR-164a | ||||||||||
Lasaeola latisulci
Wunderlich 2008
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH Grabenhorst AR-87 | ||||||||||
Lasaeola bitterfeldensis n. sp.
Wunderlich 2008
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH Grabenhorst AR-102 | ||||||||||
Lasaeola infulata
(Koch and Berendt 1854)
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Wunderlich 2008 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
GPIUH Grabenhorst AR-4, AR-155 | ||||||||||
Lasaeola communis
Wunderlich 2008
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH Grabenhorst AR-183 | ||||||||||
? Lasaeola sigillata n. sp.
Wunderlich 2008
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH Grabenhorst AR-164 | ||||||||||
Episinus longimanus
(Koch and Berendt 1854)
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH Grabenhorst AR-85 | ||||||||||
Clya supercalefacta
Wunderlich 2008
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH H. Grabenhorst coll AR-94 | ||||||||||
Euryopis bitterfeldensis
Wunderlich 2008
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Wunderlich 2008 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
GPIUH Grabenhorst AR-165 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Linyphiidae
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Paralabulla bitterfeldensis n. gen., n. sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Zoropsidae
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Succiniropsis kutscheri
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-20 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Salticidae
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Gorgopsina frenata
(Koch and Berendt 1854)
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-44 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Liocranidae
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Apostenus bigibber
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-40 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Thomisidae
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Thomisiraptor sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2012 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst Ar-159, 168 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Pholcidae
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Paraspermophora sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst; Eichmann 110 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Oonopidae
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Orchestina (Baltorchestina) sp.
Wunderlich 2008
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Wunderlich 2011 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst Ar-172 | ||||||||||
Orchestina (Baltorchestina) bitterfeldensis n. sp.
Wunderlich 2008
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1 specimen | |||||||||
GPIUH H. Grabenhorst coll AR-167 | ||||||||||
Orchestina (Baltorchestina) rectangulata n. sp.
Wunderlich 2011
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Wunderlich 2011 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
replaced by Orchestina (Baltorchestina) angulata | ||||||||||
Grabenhorst, no number | ||||||||||
Orchestina (Baltorchestina) imperialis
(Petrunkevitch 1963)
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Wunderlich 2011 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst, no number | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Dysderidae
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Harpactea sp.
Bristowe 1939
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Wunderlich 2011 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst Ar-66 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Segestriidae
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Ariadna defuncta n. sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Leptonetidae
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Eoleptoneta curvata
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Grabenhorst AR-66 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Acariformes
- Smarididae
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Fessonia grabenhorsti n. sp.
Bartel et al. 2015
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Bartel et al. 2015 | 5 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst 208/HG, 9/HG, 40/HG, 41/HG, 116/HG | ||||||||||
Fessonia wunderlichi
Bartel et al. 2015
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Bartel et al. 2015 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
Grabenhorst 37/HG, 194/HG | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Germany | State/province: | Halle |
Coordinates: | 51.6° North, 12.4° East (view map) | ||
Paleocoordinates: | 50.4° North, 8.0° East |
Time
Period: | Paleogene | Epoch: | Eocene |
Stage: | Priabonian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 3 |
Key time interval: | Priabonian | ||
Age range of interval: | 38.00000 - 33.90000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: Bitterfeld amber occurs in the "Bernsteinschluff" Horizon, i.e. a part of the Upper "Bitterfelder Glimmersand" in the upper part of the Cottbus Formation. Detailed biostratigraphic investigations favor an uppermost Chattian age for the unit. Originally assigned a Miocene age, and then thought to be redeposited Baltic amber. The chemical composition of Bitterfeld amber is distinct from true Baltic amber (e.g., Sodhi et al., 2013). Hydrogen isotopes indicate that Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers have distinct geographic sources, but carbon isotopes and insects suggest Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers are coeval in age (Wolfe et al., 2016). |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | lithified amber |
Environment: | terrestrial indet. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body,soft parts,original chitin,amber |
Size of fossils: | mesofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
Collection method comments: Repository: Universität Göttingen (some earlier specimens donated to Geologisch-Paläontologische Institute, Universität Hamburg, GPIH/GPIUH) |
Metadata
Also known as: | Saxonian amber | ||
Database number: | 147606 | ||
Authorizer: | M. Clapham | Enterer: | M. Clapham |
Modifier: | M. Clapham | Research group: | paleoentomology |
Created: | 2013-07-10 03:16:04 | Last modified: | 2022-02-02 21:15:09 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2013-07-10 03:16:04 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
47530. | J. Wunderlich. 2008. Descriptions of fossil spider (Araneae) taxa mainly in Baltic amber, as well as on certain related extant taxa. Beiträge zur Araneologie 5:44-139 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham] |
Secondary references:
57520 | C. Bartel, M. Konikiewicz, J. Makol, A. Wohltmann, and J. A. Dunlop. 2015. Smaridid mites in Baltic and Bitterfeld amber, with notes on the fossil record of terrestrial Parasitengona (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata). Annales Zoologici 65:641-659 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
77877 | M. S. Engel and S. R. Davis. 2021. New genera of melikertine bees with facial modifications in Baltic amber (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Melittology 103:1-52 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
53881 | V. B. Golub and Y. A. Popov. 2007. Intercader saxonicus sp. n., a new lace bug from Saxonian amber, and a discussion of the evolutional changes of the Tingidae fauna (Heteroptera) of Eurasia from the Eocene to Miocene. Euroasian Entomological Journal 6:223-228 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
55455 | E. Heiss. 2013. Erstnachweis von Rindenwanzen (Aradidae) in Bitterfelder Bernstein (Insecta, Heteroptera). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 45:741-753 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
54508 | A. Herczek and Y. A. Popov. 2014. Revision of the genus Metoisops (Hemiptera: Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae) from late Eocene European amber. Zootaxa 3887:401-421 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
54131 | J. Koteja. 2008. Xylococcidae and related groups (Hemiptera: Coccinea) from Baltic amber. Prace Muzeum Ziemi 49:19-56 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
79462 | W. Mey. 2019. Die Urmotten (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae) des Bitterfelder Bernsteins: Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 63:177-185 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
51829 | W. Wichard. 2013. Overview and Descriptions of Trichoptera in Baltic Amber: Spicipalpia and Integripalpia 1-229 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
52451 | W. Wichard and W. Weitschat. 1996. Wasserinsekten im Bernstein, eine paläobiologische Studie. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Löbbecke-Museum und Aquazoo Beiheft 4:1-122 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47607 | J. Wunderlich. 1993. Die ersten fossilen Becherspinnen (Fam. Cyatholipidae) in Baltischem und Bitterfelder Bernstein (Arachnida: Araneae). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg 75:231-241 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47834 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil spiders of the family Linyphiidae in Baltic and Dominican amber (Araneae: Linyphiidae). In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1298-1373 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47825 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil Theridiosomatidae (Araneae) in Baltic and Dominican amber. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:998-1019 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47839 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil Zoropsidae in Baltic amber with revised diagnoses of the family Zoropsidae and its fossil and extant higher taxa. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1489-1522 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47826 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil spiders of the family Anapidae s. l. (Araneae) in Baltic, Dominican and Mexican amber and their extant relatives, with the description of a new subfamily Comarominae. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1020-1111 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47848 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil spiders of the family Liocranidae in Baltic and Dominican amber. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1623-1635 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47828 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil spiders (Araneae) of the family Cyatholipidae in Baltic amber. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1155-1188 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47818 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. Fossil spiders (Araneae) of the superfamily Dysderoidea in Baltic and Dominican amber, with revised family diagnoses. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:633-746 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47858 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. Fossil jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) in Baltic and Domican amber, with remarks on Salticidae subfamilies. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1761-1819 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47829 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil spiders (Araneae) of the family Synotaxidae in Baltic amber. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1189-1239 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47819 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. Fossil and extant spiders (Araneae) of the superfamily Eresoidea s.l., with special reference to the Archaeidae and remarks on some higher taxa of the superfamily Araneoidea. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:747-808 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47830 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. Remarks on the fossil spiders (Araneae) of the family Nesticidae in amber, with the description of a new species in Baltic amber. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1240-1244 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47823 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. The fossil spiders (Araneae) of the families Tetragnathidae and Zygiellidae n. stat. in Baltic and Dominican amber, with notes on higher extant and fossil taxa. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:899-955 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47531 | J. Wunderlich. 2008. On extant and fossil (Eocene) European comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on their subfamilies, and with descriptions of new taxa. Beiträge zur Araneologie 5:140-469 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47712 | J. Wunderlich. 2011. Some fossil spiders (Araneae) in Eocene European ambers. Beiträge zur Araneologie 6:472-538 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47716 | J. Wunderlich. 2012. New fossil spiders (Araneae) of eight families in Eocene Baltic amber, and revisions of selected taxa. Beiträge zur Araneologie 7:94-149 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] |