Cethana Dam: Early/Lower Oligocene, Australia

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Trilete informal spore spp. microspore
Carpenter 1991
Sticherus sp. leaf
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-253, 593, 637.
? Daviesia sp. leaf
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-464, 618.
Lycopsida
Foveotriletes balteus microspore
Carpenter 1991
Foveotriletes palaequetrus microspore Partridge 1973
Carpenter 1991
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiaceae
Laevigatosporites ovatus microspore Wilson and Webster 1946
Carpenter 1991 1 %-individuals
Verrucatosporites attinatus microspore
Carpenter 1991
Polypodiopsida
Verrucosisporites aff. cristatus microspore
Carpenter 1991
Polypodiopsida - Gleicheniaceae
Gleichenia sp. sterile axis Smith 1793
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-048, 099.
Gleicheniidites circiniidites microspore
Carpenter 1991
Polypodiopsida - Blechnaceae
Peromonolites vellosus microspore Partridge 1973
Carpenter 1991
? Blechnum sp. leaf Linnaeus 1753
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-083, 420, 530, 531.
Polypodiopsida - Gleicheniales - Matoniaceae
Dictyophyllidites arcuatus microspore Pocknall and Mildenhall 1984
Carpenter 1991
Polypodiopsida - Schizaeales - Lygodiaceae
Lygodium sp. sterile axis Swartz 1800
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-232, 661.
Lygodium dinmorphyllum sterile axis Churchill 1969
Rozefelds et al. 1992
Polypodiopsida - Schizaeales - Schizaeaceae
Schizaea sp. leaf Smith 1793
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-071.
Polypodiopsida - Cyatheales - Cyatheaceae
? Cyatheaceae indet. leaf Kaulfuss 1827
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-255, 446.
Polypodiopsida - Dicksoniaceae
Trilites tuberculiformis microspore Cookson 1947
Carpenter 1991
Cyatheacidites annulatus microspore Cookson 1947
Carpenter 1991
Pteridopsida
Cyathidites australis microspore Couper 1953
Carpenter 1991
Cyathidites paleospora microspore Alley and Broadbridge 1992
Carpenter 1991
Cyathidites minor microspore Couper 1953
Carpenter 1991
Pteridopsida - Psilotales - Psilotaceae
Tmesipteris tasmanica sterile axis
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-204.
Pteridopsida
Matonisporites ornamentalis microspore Partridge 1973
Carpenter 1991
cf. Ischyosporites irregularis microspore Sah and Jain 1965
Carpenter 1991
unclassified
Granodiporites nebulosus microspore
Carpenter 1991
Bryopsida
Stereisporites sp. microspore Pflug 1953
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Poales - Restionaceae
Milfordia hypolaenoides microspore
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Liliaceae
Liliacidites sp. microspore Couper 1953
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Laurales - Lauraceae
Laurophyllum sp. leaf Göppert 1853
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-479, 628.
Angiospermae - Santalales - Loranthaceae
Gothanipollis bassensis microspore Stover 1973
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Caryophyllales - Droseraceae
Droseraceae indet. microspore Salisbury 1808
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Escalloniales - Escalloniaceae
Quintinia psilatispora microspore
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Gunnerales
Tricolpites spp. microspore
Carpenter 1991
Tricolpites reticulatus microspore Couper 1953
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Proteales - Proteaceae
Proteaceae informal incertae sedis leaf
Carpenter 1991
Telopea truncata leaf, cuticle
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
? Grevillea informal sp. 2 leaf Brown and Knight 1809
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C- 715.
? Grevillea informal sp. 1 leaf Brown and Knight 1809
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C- 714.
Banksieaeformis informal sp. 2 leaf Hill and Christophel 1988
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-294, 315, 711.
Banksieaephyllum informal sp. 4 leaf Cookson and Duigan 1950
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-443, 590, 630.
Banksieaephyllum informal sp. 3 leaf Cookson and Duigan 1950
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-550.
Banksieaephyllum linearis n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Banksieaephyllum orientalis n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter 1991
in Carpenter, 1991 Banksieaephyllum sp. 1
Proteacidites spp. microspore
Carpenter 1991
Proteacidites reticulatus microspore
Carpenter 1991
cf. Proteacidites pseudomoides microspore Stover 1973
Carpenter 1991
Lomatia fraxinifolia leaf
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Specimens examined. C-495, 551, 556.
Lomatia informal sp. 3 leaf Brown 1810
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-037
Lomatia xeromorpha n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Hill 1988
Carpenter and Hill 1988
Proteaciphyllum ornamentalis n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum ornamentalis
Proteaciphyllum tridacnoides n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum tridacnoides
in Carpenter, 1991 Lomatia sp. 4
Proteaciphyllum cethanicum n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum cethanicum
Proteaciphyllum gevuininoides n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum gevuininoides
Proteaciphyllum integrifolium n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum integrifolium
Proteaciphyllum microphyllum n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum integrifolium
Proteaciphyllum attenuatum n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum attenuatum
Proteaciphyllum lomatioides n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum lomatioides
in Carpenter, 1991 Lomatia sp. 3
Proteaciphyllum linearis n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum linearis
Proteaciphyllum rugulatum n. sp. leaf, cuticle Carpenter and Jordan 1997
Carpenter and Jordan 1997
replaced by Euproteaciphyllum rugulatum
Angiospermae - Buxales
Polypodiidites sp. microspore Potonié 1966
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Oxalidales - Cunoniaceae
Vesselowskya aff. ruinfolia leaf
Carpenter and Buchanan 1993
Weinmanniaphyllum bernardii n. gen., n. sp. leaf Carpenter and Buchanan 1993
Carpenter and Buchanan 1993
Schizomeria tasmaniensis n. sp. flower Carpenter and Buchanan 1993
Carpenter and Buchanan 1993
Callicoma serratifolia leaf, seed/fruit Andrews 1809
Carpenter and Buchanan 1993
Acsmithia grandiflora n. sp. sterile axis Carpenter and Buchanan 1993
Carpenter and Buchanan 1993
Angiospermae - Oxalidales - Elaeocarpaceae
aff. Elaeocarpus sp. leaf, cuticle Linnaeus 1753
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-608.
Angiospermae - Fagales - Casuarinaceae
aff. Gymnostoma sp. multi organs, cuticle Johnson 1980
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-262, 502, 777, dispersed cuticle 778, 779.
Angiospermae - Fagales
Nothofagidites deminutus microspore
Carpenter 1991
Nothofagidites spp. microspore
Carpenter 1991 53 %-individuals
Nothofagidites emarcidus / Nothofagidites heterus
Nothofagidites goniatus microspore
Carpenter 1991
Nothofagidites cf. brachyspinulosus microspore Harris 1965
Carpenter 1991
Nothofagidites asperus microspore Cookson 1958
Carpenter 1991 9 %-individuals
Nothofagidites flemingii microspore Potonie 1960
Carpenter 1991 7 %-individuals
Nothofagidites falcatus microspore Hekel 1972
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Fagales - Nothofagaceae
Nothofagus aff. alessandrii leaf
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-457, 665
Nothofagus cethanica n. sp. Hill 1984
Nothofagus gunnii Oersted 1873
Nothofagus tasmanica leaf Hill 1983
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-288.
Angiospermae - Malvales - Sterculiaceae
aff. Brachychiton sp. leaf Schott and Endlicher 1832
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-648.
Angiospermae - Myrtales
Myrtaceidites parvus microspore Cookson and Pike 1960
Carpenter 1991
Myrtaceidites mesonesus microspore Cookson and Pike 1954
Carpenter 1991
Angiospermae - Myrtales - Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae indet. leaf de Jussieu 1789
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-023, 029, 214, 306, 324, 350, 386, 393, 624, 716, 717, 718 and several others.
Angiospermae - Ericales - Ericaceae
Ericipites scabratus microspore Harris 1965
Carpenter 1991
Ericipites crassiexinus microspore Harris 1972
Carpenter 1991
Magnoliopsida
Haloragacidites harrisii microspore Mildenhall and Harris 1971
Carpenter 1991
Malvacipollis duratus microspore
Carpenter 1991
n. sp.
Malvacipollis subtilis microspore Stover 1973
Carpenter 1991
Tricolporites spp. microspore
Carpenter 1991
Tricolporites cf. angurium microspore
Carpenter 1991
Periporopollenites polyoratus microspore
Carpenter 1991
Periporopollenites vesicus microspore Partridge 1973
Carpenter 1991
Periporopollenites demarcatus microspore Stover 1973
Carpenter 1991
Bennettitales
Ptilophyllum muelleri leaf Ettingshausen 1886
McLoughlin et al. 2011
Coniferales - Cupressaceae
Libocedrus morrisonii sterile axis Hill and Carpenter 1989
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-553.
Papuacedrus australis n. sp. sterile axis, leaf Hill and Carpenter 1989
Hill and Carpenter 1989
Specimens examined. C-225, 234, 259, 349
Coniferales - Podocarpaceae
Podosporites parvisaccites sensu lato microspore
Carpenter 1991 1 %-individuals
Podosporites microsaccatus microspore Dettmann 1963
Carpenter 1991 2 %-individuals
Acmopyle glabra sterile axis Hill and Carpenter 1991
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-222, 226.
Dacrycarpites australiensis microspore Cookson and Pike 1953
Carpenter 1991
Lagarostrobos sp. sterile axis Quinn 1982
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-340, 540, 735.
Dacrydium informal sp. 1 sterile axis Soland and Lambert 1807
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-202, 471.
Dacrydium informal sp. 2 sterile axis Soland and Lambert 1807
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-517, 519.
Phyllocladidites mawsonii microspore Cookson 1947
Carpenter 1991 5 %-individuals
Dacrycarpus mucronatus sterile axis Wells and Hill 1989
Hill and Carpenter 1991
in Carpenter, 1991 Dacrycarpus falcatus
Podocarpidites ostentatus microspore
Carpenter 1991
Podocarpidites spp. microspore
Carpenter 1991 10 %-individuals
Podocarpus informal sp. 1 leaf L'Heritier and Persoon 1807
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-610.
Podocarpus informal sp. 2 leaf L'Heritier and Persoon 1807
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-251, 274, 275, 342, 492.
Microcachryidites antarcticus microspore Couper 1953
Carpenter 1991 1 %-individuals
Lygistepollenites florinii microspore Stover and Evans 1973
Carpenter 1991 10 %-individuals
Phyllocladus informal sp. 1 sterile axis Richard and Mirbel 1825
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-305.
Phyllocladus informal sp. 2 sterile axis Richard and Mirbel 1825
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-352.
Equisetopsida - Araucariaceae
Agathis sp. fertile axis Salisbury 1807
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-223, 441, 529.
Agathis informal sp. 1 leaf, cuticle Salisbury 1807
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-478.
Agathis informal sp. 2 leaf Salisbury 1807
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-489.
Agathis informal sp. 3 leaf Salisbury 1807
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-534.
Agathis spp. leaf
Hill et al. 2008
In addition to leaves, cone scales also occur here.
Agathis vittatus cuticle Hill et al. 2008
Hill et al. 2008
Agathis brevigongylodes cuticle Hill et al. 2008
Hill et al. 2008
Araucariacites australis microspore Cookson 1947
Carpenter 1991
Araucaria informal sp. 1 leaf, cuticle de Jussieu 1789
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-021, 546, 632, 642, 643.
Cycadopsida - Cycadales - Zamiaceae
Pterostoma aff. anastomosans leaf Hill 1980
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-483.
Macrozamia australis leaf, cuticle
Carpenter 1991
Specimens examined. C-532, 651, 652.
unclassified
Cycadopites sp. microspore Wodehouse 1933
Carpenter 1991
Lycopodiopsida - Lycopodiales
Retitriletes austroclavatidites microspore Döring et al. 1963
Carpenter 1991
Lycopodiopsida - Lycopodiales - Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodiumsporites sp. microspore Delcourt and Sprumont 1955
Carpenter 1991
Latrobosporites crassus microspore Harris 1981
Carpenter 1991
Lycopodiopsida - Selaginellales - Selaginellaceae
Herkosporites elliotii microspore
Carpenter 1991
unclassified
aff. Hymenophyllum sp. fertile axis Smith 1793
Carpenter 1991
Specimen examined. C-635.
see common names

Geography
Country:Australia State/province:Tasmania
Coordinates: 41.5° South, 146.1° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:58.3° South, 145.6° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Altitude:350 meters
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Oligocene
Stage:Rupelian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 4
Key time interval:Early/Lower Oligocene Pollen zone: Proteacidites tuberculatus
Age range of interval:33.90000 - 27.82000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: According to Macphail (pers. comm.) the age of the flora is between Early Eocene and uppermost Oligocene (Hill, 1984).
Further palynological assessment suggests that the flora is likely to be in the Late Eocene to Oligocene range based on the high proportion of Nothofagus brassii-type and Phyllocladidites mawsonii pollen (Carpenter & Hill, 1988).
The palynoflora has been assigned to the early Oligocene by Macphail et al. 1994. The presence of Cyatheacidites annulatus provides a confident Proteacidites tuberculatus Zone (Stover and Partridge 1973) maximum age, but the upper age limits are less certain owing to possible diachronism in the times of extinction of accessory species such as Beaupreadites verrucosus, Granodiporites nebulosus and Triporopollenites ambiguus. (Hill et al. 2008)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:tabular,brown,gray,yellow siltstone
Secondary lithology:quartzose sandstone
Lithology description: The deposit unconformably overlies folded quartzose arenaceous (Moina Sandstone) meta-sediments. The fossiliferous rock is a creamy-yellow to light brown-grey laminated siltstone with alternations of thin sand layers. Fossils from Hill & Carpenter, 1988 were recovered from mudstone of the same locality.
Environment:lagoonal
Geology comments: The fine laminated siltstone with terrestrial plant fragments indicates a low energy depositional environment such as a lake centre. The sand layers may indicate fluctuating stream inflow on the lake edges.
The Cethana deposit had an Early Oligocene altitude of about 300 m. It formed at a time for which there is evidence of regional glacial activity (Macphail et al. 1993), in Carpenter & Jordan, 1997.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:mold/impression,adpression
Size of fossils:macrofossils,microfossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:chemical,hydroflouric
Reason for describing collection:paleoecologic analysis
Metadata
Database number:166832
Authorizer:C. Jaramillo Enterer:A. Cárdenas, C. Jaramillo
Modifier:C. Jaramillo Research group:paleobotany
Created:2015-02-28 17:21:50 Last modified:2015-05-15 10:14:45
Access level:the public Released:2015-02-28 17:21:50
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
54512. R. S. Hill. 1984. Tertiary Nothofagus macrofossils from Cethana, Tasmania. Alcheringa 8(1):81-86 [C. Jaramillo/A. Cárdenas]

Secondary references:

54670 R. J. Carpenter. 1991. Palaeovegetation and Environment at Cethana, Tasmania. [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo]
54691 R. J. Carpenter and A. M. Buchanan. 1993. Oligocene Leaves, Fruit and Flowers of the Cunoniaceae from Cethana, Tasmania. Australian Systematic Botany 6(2):91-109 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo]
54604 R. J. Carpenter and R. S. Hill. 1988. Early Tertiary Lomatia (Proteaceae) macrofossils from Tasmania, Australia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 56(1-2):141-150 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo]
54458 R. J. Carpenter and G. J. Jordan. 1997. Early Tertiary Macrofossils of Proteaceae from Tasmania. Australian Systematic Botany 10(4):533-563 [C. Jaramillo/A. Cárdenas]
54590 R. S. Hill and R. J. Carpenter. 1989. Tertiary gymnosperms from Tasmania: Cupressaceae. Alcheringa 13:89-102 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo/M. Uhen]
54599 R. S. Hill and R. J. Carpenter. 1991. Evolution of Acmopyle and Dacrycarpus (Podocarpaceae) Foliage as Inferred from Macrofossils in South-eastern Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 4(3):449-479 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo]
55313 R. S. Hill, T. Lewis, R. J. Carpenter and S. S. Whang. 2008. Agathis (Araucariaceae) macrofossils from Cainozoic sediments in south eastern Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 21:162-177 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo]
54760 S. McLoughlin, R. J. Carpenter, and C. Pott. 2011. Ptilophyllum muelleri (Ettingsh.) comb. nov. from the Oligocene of Australia: Last of the Bennettitales?. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172(4):574-585 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo]
54682 A. C. Rozefelds, D. C. Christophel, and N. F. Alley. 1992. Tertiary occurrence of the fern Lygodium (Schizaeaceae) in Australia and New Zealand. Memoirs of The Queensland Museum 32:203-222 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo/P. Wagner]