Big Red Horizon (Main Fossil Level): Duchesnean, Texas

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
Hyracodon primus Peterson 1934
    = Hyracodon medius Peterson 1934
Wilson and Schiebout 1984
"H. sp."; "H. petersoni" of Stovall, although no OU specimen of Hyracodon is mentioned; FMNH that may be from this horizon are listed
Mammalia - Perissodactyla
Schizotheroides jackwilsoni (Schiebout 1977)
    = Toxotherium hunteri Wood 1961
Alroy 2002
see Schiebout 1977; TMM 40206
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Amynodontidae
Metamynodon sp. Scott and Osborn 1887
    = Metamynodon chadronensis Wood 1937
Wilson and Schiebout 1984
FMNH
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Colodon sp. Marsh 1890
2 specimens
    = Colodon stovalli Wilson and Schiebout 1984
Wilson and Schiebout 1984
said to be new; "Protapirus" of Stovall; OU and TMM 40206
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae
Menodus bakeri n. sp. Stovall 1948
recombined as Menops bakeri
Teleodus sp. Marsh 1890
(3 measurements)
    = Duchesneodus uintensis Peterson 1931
Lucas and Schoch 1989
FMNH
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Haplohippus texanus McGrew 1953
Mesohippus sp. Marsh 1875
Mesohippus texanus McGrew 1971
TMM 40206: McGrew 1971
Mammalia - Entelodontidae
Brachyhyops wyomingensis Colbert 1937
FMNH, see Wilson 1971b (1 measurement)
Mammalia - Protoceratidae
Poabromylus kayi Peterson 1932
TMM 40206: Wilson 1974
Poabromylus minor Wilson 1974
recombined as Pseudoprotoceras minor
Mammalia - Agriochoeridae
Agriochoerus antiquus Leidy 1850
OU: Wilson 1971a; includes "Merycoidodon culbertsoni" of Stovall
Mammalia - Leptomerycidae
Leptomeryx defordi n. sp. Wilson 1974
recombined as Hendryomeryx defordi
Mammalia - Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Ischnognathus savagei n. sp. Stovall 1948
OU, see Gustafson 1986b
Hyaenodon sp. Laizer and Parieu 1838
    = Hyaenodon montanus Douglass 1902
Gustafson 1986
TMM 40206
Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Canidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817
(4 measurements)
    = Daphoenus cf. lambei Russell 1934
Gustafson 1986
replaces ID of Stovall, said to be new; OU and FMNH; omitted by Wilson
Mammalia - Rodentia - Ischyromyidae
Manitsha johanniculi Wood 1974
recombined as Pseudotomus johanniculi
Mammalia - Rodentia - Eutypomyidae
Eutypomys inexpectatus Wood 1974
at TMM 40206: Wood 1974
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Camaenidae
Pleurodonte (? Dentellaria) sp. Fischer and Waldheim 1807
Roth 1984 1 specimen
Pleurodonte (Pleurodonte) wilsoni Roth 1984
Roth 1984 3 specimens
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Texas County:Presidio
Coordinates: 29.9° North, 104.2° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:31.6° North, 95.9° West
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Eocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 3
*Period:Tertiary
Key time interval:Duchesnean
Age range of interval:39.70000 - 37.00000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Chambers Tuff
Local section:Vieja Local bed:4
Local order:bottom to top
Lithology and environment
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Collection methods and comments
Museum repositories:TMM
Taxonomic list comments:basal 100 feet of section, below the "lower marker bed"
directly overlies Buckshot Ignimbrite, dated at 37.80 +/- 0.06 Ma SCLF AA on sanidine: Prothero and Swisher 1992; redated at 37.54 +/- 0.11 Ma (AA), see Prothero 1996b; a direct KA on sanidine date of 39.8 (= 41.0) +/- 2.8 Ma on the Chambers Tuff was reported by Wilson et al. 1968, but was ignored completely by Wilson 1977b, and listed erroneously as dating the "Candelaria local fauna" but not discussed in the text by Krishtalka et al. 1987; because it conflicts badly with the underlying Buckshot Ignimbrite date it appears to be useless
collection of Stovall 1948 is from TMM 40206: Wilson and Schiebout 1984; type of Ischnognathus savagei from the OU collection is said by Gustafson 1986b to be from "15 to 20 feet below the lower marker bed"
records that could pertain to TMM localities other than TMM 40206 are omitted; these are: "Leptotomus" gigans: TMM 40203 "Ischyrotomus" cf. petersoni: TMM 40202 Hemipsalodon viejaensis: TMM 40263 Protoreodon pumilus: TMM 40203 Heteromeryx dispar: TMM 40203
identity of "Caenopus sp." is completely ambiguous as genus is invalid and no useful comparisons are drawn by Wilson and Schiebout 1984; FMNH specimen

entelodont of Stovall is omitted by Wilson
Metadata
Also known as:TMM 40206; Main Fossil Level of Oklahoma University; Porvenir L.F. (in part)
Database number:16828
Authorizer:J. Alroy, P. Holroyd Enterer:J. Alroy, P. Holroyd
Research group:vertebrate
Created:1994-07-26 00:00:00 Last modified:2002-06-03 03:27:41
Access level:the public Released:1994-07-26 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
3665. J. A. Wilson. 1977. Stratigraphic Occurrence and Correlation of Early Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas Trans-Pecos Texas. Part I: Vieja Area. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 25:1-42 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
1758 E. P. Gustafson. 1986. Carnivorous mammals of the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 33:1-66 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
2309 S. G. Lucas and R. M. Schoch. 1989. Taxonomy of Duchesneodus (Brontotheriidae) from the late Eocene of North America. In D. R. Prothero and R. M. Schoch (eds.), The Evolution of Perissodactyls 490-503 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
67996 B. Roth. 1984. Lysinoe (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) and other land snails from Eocene-Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas, and their paleoclimatic significance. The Veliger 27(2):200-218 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
3670 J. A. Wilson and J. A. Schiebout. 1984. Early Tertiary Vertebrate Faunas, Trans-Pecos Texas: Ceratomorpha less Amynodontidae. Pearce-Sellards Series 39:1-47 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]