McCarty's Mountain: Chadronian, Montana
collected by Earl Douglass

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia
Copedelphys cf. titanelix (Matthew 1903)
Tabrum et al. 1996
"Peratherium"
Herpetotherium valens (Lambe 1908)
Tabrum et al. 1996
"Peratherium"
Mammalia - Leptictidae
Ictops montanus Douglass 1905
recombined as Leptictis montanus
Leptictis montanus (Douglass 1905)
Ictops magnus
synonym of Leptictis
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae
Brontotheriidae indet. (Marsh 1873)
"Titanotherium"
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Mesohippus sp. Marsh 1875
confirmed by Tabrum et al. 1996
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
Hyracodon sp. Leidy 1856
    = Hyracodon priscidens Lambe 1905
Prothero 1996
Triplopides rieli n. sp. Radinsky 1967
Radinsky 1967
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Rhinocerotidae indet. Gray 1821
Tabrum et al. 1996
Penetrigonias dakotensis (Peterson 1920)
Prothero 2005
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
? Colodon cingulatus Douglass 1902
Radinsky 1963
Mammalia - Leptomerycidae
Leptomerycidae indet. Zittel 1893
Tabrum et al. 1996
"Leptomeryx" said to be new
"Leptomeryx" sp. Leidy 1853
    = "Leptomeryx" aff. speciosus Lambe 1908
Tabrum et al. 1996
replaces ID of Black 1978, and apparently "Hendromeryx
Mammalia - Agriochoeridae
Agriochoerus minimus Douglass 1902
recombined as Protoreodon minimus
probably includes Douglass' "Agriochoerus sp."
Mammalia - Oromerycidae
Montanatylopus matthewi n. sp. Prothero 1986
Prothero 1986
DUPLICATE REF 2800 or 2815 (17 measurements)
Mammalia - Merycoidodontidae
Merycoidodontidae indet. Cook 1912
Tabrum et al. 1996
large; probably "M. macrorhinus" of Storer 1978
Limnenetes sp. Douglass 1902
    = Limnenetes platyceps Douglass 1902
Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
from Bed U; L. sp. in "upper layer of exposure Z"
Bathygenys cf. alpha Douglass 1902
Tabrum et al. 1996
Oreonetes anceps (Douglass 1902)
Schultz and Falkenbach 1956
Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
cf. Daphoenictis sp. Hunt 1974
Tabrum et al. 1996
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Hesperocyon sp. Scott 1890
Tabrum et al. 1996
Mammalia
"Miacis" sp. Cope 1872
Tabrum et al. 1996
said to be new
Mammalia - Epoicotheriidae
Xenotherium unicum n. sp. Douglass 1905
recombined as Epoicotherium unicum
Mammalia - Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae
Hyaenodon sp. Laizer and Parieu 1838
Mammalia - Apternodontidae
Apternodus informal sp. Matthew 1903
    = Apternodus sp. Matthew 1903
Tabrum et al. 1996
replaces ID of Novacek 1976 (had to put original in <> because this reID is a duplicate and it wouldn't let me leave the page otherwise - TJC)
    = Apternodus baladontus n. sp. Asher et al. 2002
Asher et al. 2002
Mammalia - Micropternodontidae
Cryptoryctes kayi Reed 1954
Reed and Turnbull 1965
omitted by Tabrum et al. 1996, reasons unclear
Micropternodus sp. Matthew 1903
Tabrum et al. 1996
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
? Megalagus sp. Walker 1931
Tabrum et al. 1996
said to be new
Palaeolagus sp. Leidy 1856
confirmed by Tabrum et al. 1996
Mammalia - Rodentia - Ischyromyidae
Ischyromys douglassi n. sp. Black 1968
Black 1968
DUPLICATE REF 1085 or 1086
Mammalia - Rodentia - Eomyidae
Paradjidaumo sp. Burke 1934
Tabrum et al. 1996
said to be new
Paradjidaumo cf. trilophus (Cope 1873)
Tabrum et al. 1996
recombined as Adjidaumo trilophus
Mammalia - Rodentia - Heliscomyidae
Heliscomys cf. ostranderi Korth et al. 1991
Tabrum et al. 1996
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cylindrodontidae
Pseudocylindrodon medius n. sp. Burke 1938
Wood 1980
Cylindrodon fontis Douglass 1902
    = Cylindrodon sp. Douglass 1902
Wood 1980
see discussion of this species by Emry and Korth 1996a
Ardynomys occidentalis n. sp. Burke 1936
Burke 1936
Reptilia - Anguidae
Helodermoides tuberculatus Douglass 1903
Sullivan 1979 1 specimen
CM 9975, nearly complete skull and gular region, body osteoderms, vertebrae, and ribs
Glyptosaurus montanus n. sp. Douglass 1908
Gilmore 1928 1 specimen
synonym of Helodermoides tuberculatus
CM 1050 (holotype), nearly complete skull and lower jaws, partial limb and phalangeal bones.
Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudo peragrans n. sp. Hay 1906
Hay 1906
nomen dubium belonging to Testudinidae
CM 1101 (holotype), a skull and shell
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Montana County:Madison
Coordinates: 45.5° North, 112.6° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:47.3° North, 103.8° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Eocene
Stage:Priabonian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 3
*Period:Tertiary
Key time interval:Chadronian
Age range of interval:37.00000 - 33.90000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Geological group:White River Formation:Chadron
Stratigraphy comments: "Titanotherium beds, Lower White River formation" - Gilmore 1928.

Lower White River/Titanotherium beds = Chadron Fm (Hoganson et al., 1998)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:fine,quartzose,gray tuff
Lithology description: The tuff is composed primarily of partially altered shards of volcanic glass with quartz grains, plagioclase, calcite and iron oxides in a clay matrix. The clay matrix, identified by Mr. T. Mowatt using x-ray diffraction, is montmorilionite. The color of the sedimentary tuff, which is due largely to the clays, varies from light buff to light gray. (Riel 1963)
Environment:wet floodplain
Geology comments: McCarty's Mountain Lower Oligocene sediments were deposited on a floodplain,
The water table must have been very near and in places above the surface providing conditions too moist for large trees, but suitable for shrubs and other low vegetation. Frequent and widespread flooding of the floodplain by sluggish streams took place. The flooding could be the result of rainfall or could be caused by faulting and/or plugging of the watercourses by lava and ash from the widespread volcanic activity in the area as postulated by Pardee (1950), Freeman, Ruppel, and Klepper (1958), and Mann (1954). The lower and upper beds in the measured section were deposited at the basin margin as indicated by the very large boulders of andesite brought into the sediment by swift-flowing small tributary streams. The lack of channels in the middle beds could indicate that the margin of the basin had shifted and the area of deposition was no longer at the edge of the basin. Renewed faulting might explain the re-occurrence of tributary channels in the upper beds. However, the lock of any unconformity within the sequence argues against this interpretation.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Collectors:Earl Douglass
Taxonomic list comments:placement of Douglass' "Ictops" species, following Novacek 1976: montanus valid, but not Leptictis sensu stricto intermedius syn. of montanus tenuis syn. of montanus major nomen dubium - listed by Tabrum et al. 1996, reason not stated

"Ischyromys typus" is NOT present, this material is "Titanotheriomys": Wood 1980
Metadata
Also known as:North of Big Hole River; South side of McCarty's Mountain; McCartney Mountain; MV 5813; MV 5908; MV 6201; MV 6202
Database number:16990
Authorizer:J. Alroy, E. Vlachos, P. Barrett, G. Liggett, J. Marcot Enterer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot, T. Cleary, G. Liggett, E. Vlachos
Modifier:T. Cleary Research group:vertebrate
Created:2002-05-15 00:00:00 Last modified:2016-09-20 05:31:07
Access level:the public Released:2002-05-15 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
1383. E. Douglass. 1905. The Tertiary of Montana. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2(5):203-221 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
1085 C. C. Black. 1968. The Oligocene rodent Ischyromys and discussion of the family Ischyromyidae. Annals of Carnegie Museum 39(18) [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
6278 J. J. Burke. 1936. Ardynomys and Desmatolagus in the North American Oligocene. Annals of Carnegie Museum 25:133-154 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
14538 C. W. Gilmore. 1928. Fossil lizards of North America. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 22(3):1-201 [J. Head/J. Head/M. Carrano]
38866 G. Hahn and R. Hahn. 1992. Neue Multituberculaten-Zähne aus der Unter-Kreide (Barremium) von Spanien (Galve un Uña). Geologica et Palaeontologica 26:143-162 [R. Benson/R. Benson/R. Benson]
64739 O. P. Hay. 1906. Descriptions of new species of turtles of the genus Testudo, collected from the Miocene by the Carnegie Museum; together with a description of the skull of Stylemys nebrascensis. Annals of Carnegie Museum 4:15-20 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]
1924 J. W. Hoganson, E. C. Murphy, and N. F. Forsman. 1998. Chadron, Brule, and Arikaree Formations, North Dakota. In D. O. Terry, H. E. LaGarry, R. M. Hunt Jr. (eds.), Geological Society of America Special Paper: Depositional Environments, Lithostratigraphy, and Biostratigraphy of the White River and Arikaree Groups (Late Eocene to Early Miocene, North America) 325:185-196 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/T. Cleary]
2800 D. R. Prothero. 1986.  A New Oromerycid (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the Early Oligocene of Montana. Journal of Paleontology 60(2):458-465 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
6272 D. R. Prothero. 1996. Hyracodontidae. In D. R. Prothero and R. J. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America 652-663 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
51726 D. R. Prothero. 2005. The Evolution of North American Rhinoceroses. 1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot]
2818 L. B. Radinsky. 1963. Origin and Early Evolution of North American Tapiroidea. Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 17:1-118 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
2824 L. B. Radinsky. 1967. A Review of the Rhinocerotoid Family Hyracodontidae (Perissodactyla). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 136(1):1-46 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
2847 C. A. Reed and W. D. Turnbull. 1965. The Mammalian Genera Arctoryctes and Cryptoryctes From the Oligocene and Miocene of North America. Fieldiana 15(2) [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]
60394 S. J. Riel. 1963. A basal Oligocene local fauna from McCarty's Mountain southwestern Montana. University of Montana Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers 7142:1-90 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]
3068 C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach. 1956. Miniochoerinae and Oreonetinae two new subfamilies of oreodonts. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 109(4):373-482 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
90655% 49760G. G. Simpson. 1927. A North American Oligocene edentate. Annals of Carnegie Museum 17(2):283-299 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
60385 R. M. Sullivan. 1979. Revision of the Paleogene genus Glyptosaurus (Reptilia, Anguidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 163(1):1-72 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]
3359 A. R. Tabrum, D. R. Prothero, and D. Garcia. 1996. Magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Eocene-Oligocene transition, southwestern Montana. In D. R. Prothero and R. J. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America 278-311 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
3661 J. A. Wilson. 1971. Early Tertiary vertebrate faunas, Vieja Group. Trans-Pecos Texas: Agriochoeridae and Merycoidodontidae. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 18:1-83 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
3737 A. E. Wood. 1980. The Oligocene Rodents of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 70(5):1-68 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]