Umkomaas Valley (Umk 111): Carnian, South Africa

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Clariphyllum sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 20 %-individuals
Moltenia sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 41 individuals
Kannaskopifolia sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 42 individuals
Graciliglossa sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 13 individuals
Rissikianthus sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 8 individuals
Switzianthus sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 50 individuals
Helvetianthus sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 6 individuals
Rissikistrobus sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 45 individuals
Hamshawvia sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 7 individuals
Nataligma sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 4 individuals
Cetanthus sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 2 individuals
Alexia sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 6 individuals
Dordrechtites sp.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 10 individuals
Pteridophyta indet. Haeckel 1875
Anderson and Anderson 2000 29 individuals
Polypodiopsida - Equisetales - Equisetaceae
Equisetum sp. Linnaeus 1753
Anderson and Anderson 2000 2 %-individuals
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiales - Dryopteridaceae
Ctenis sp. Lindley and Hutton 1834
Anderson and Anderson 2000 1 individual
Pteridopsida
Filicopsida indet. Pfefferkorn 1976
Anderson and Anderson 2000 2 %-individuals
synonym of Pteridopsida
Hepaticae - Marchantiales - Marchantiaceae
Marchantites sp. Brongniart 1849
Anderson and Anderson 2000 26 individuals
Bryopsida
Muscites sp. Brongniart 1828
Anderson and Anderson 2000 41 individuals
Pinopsida - Pinales
Heidiphyllum sp. Retallack 1981
Anderson and Anderson 2000 7 %-individuals
Bennettitales
Weltrichia sp. Braun 1843
Anderson and Anderson 2000 2 individuals
Coniferales - Podocarpaceae
Rissikia sp. Townrow 1967
Anderson and Anderson 2000 5 %-individuals
Coniferales
Fraxinopsis sp. Wieland 1929
Anderson and Anderson 2000 12 individuals
Gymnospermopsida
Gymnospermopsida indet.
Anderson and Anderson 2000 44 individuals
Gymnospermopsida - Corystospermales - Corystospermaceae
Fanerotheca sp. Frenguelli 1944
Anderson and Anderson 2000 30 individuals
Pteruchus sp. Thomas 1933
Anderson and Anderson 2000 138 individuals
Umkomasia sp. Thomas 1933
Anderson and Anderson 2000 197 individuals
Dicroidium sp. Gothan 1912
Anderson and Anderson 2000 69 %-individuals
Cycadeoideopsida - Cycadeoideales
Yabeiella sp. Oishi 1931
Anderson and Anderson 2000 45 individuals
Gnetopsida
Gontriglossa sp. Anderson and Anderson 1989
Anderson and Anderson 2000 5 individuals
Peltaspermopsida - Peltaspermales - Peltaspermaceae
Scytophyllum sp. Bornemann 1856
Anderson and Anderson 2000 1 individual
Peltaspermum sp. Harris 1937
Anderson and Anderson 2000 17 individuals
Lepidopteris sp. Schimper 1869
Anderson and Anderson 2000 1 %-individuals
Antevsia sp. Harris 1937
Anderson and Anderson 2000 7 individuals
Cycadopsida - Pteridospermales
Chiropteris sp. Kurr 1845
Anderson and Anderson 2000 2 individuals
Cycadopsida - Cycadales - Nilssoniaceae
Pseudoctenis sp. Seward 1911
Anderson and Anderson 2000 1 %-individuals
Cycadopsida - Cycadales
Anthrophyopsis sp. Nathorst 1878
Anderson and Anderson 2000 3 individuals
Taeniopteris sp. Brongniart 1828
Anderson and Anderson 2000 55 individuals
unclassified
Kurtziana sp. Frenguelli 1942
Anderson and Anderson 2000 18 individuals
Ginkgoopsida - Ginkgoales - Ginkgoaceae
Stachyopitys sp. Schenk 1867
Anderson and Anderson 2000 4 specimens
Ginkgoopsida - Ginkgoales
Sphenobaiera sp. Florin 1936
Anderson and Anderson 2000 5 %-individuals
Arachnida - Araneae
Triassaraneus andersonorum n. gen., n. sp. Selden 1999
Selden et al. 1999 1 individual
PRE/F 18560
Insecta - Reculida - Geinitziidae
Fletchitzia picturata Riek 1976
Wappler 2000 1 specimen
PRE/F 971
Insecta - Triassoblattidae
Triassoblatta natalensis (Zeuner 1960)
Riek 1974 2 specimens
N-UU 411, 671ab (1 measurement)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Ademosynidae
Ademosyne prisca n. sp. Riek 1974
Riek 1974 1 specimen
N-UU 1209 (1 measurement)
Ademosyne speciosa n. sp. Riek 1974
Riek 1974 2 specimens
N-UU 1206ab, 1208 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Triadocupedidae
Moltenocupes townrowi Zeuner 1960
Riek 1974 2 specimens
N-UU 121ab, 402ab
see common names

Geography
Country:South Africa State/province:Kwazulu-Natal
Coordinates: 29.5° South, 29.5° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:62.1° South, 0.7° West
Basis of coordinate:estimated from map
Time
Period:Triassic Epoch:Late/Upper Triassic
Stage:Carnian 10 m.y. bin:Triassic 3
Key time interval:Carnian
Age range of interval:237.00000 - 227.00000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Formation:Molteno
Regional section:Karoo Basin Regional bed:2
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:gray "shale"
Lithology description: "medium dark grey, irregularly laminated shale" (Anderson and Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))
Environment:"channel" Tectonic setting:cratonic basin
Geology comments: "abandoned channel" (Anderson and Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:mold/impression
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Taxonomic list comments:habitat described as "Dicroidium riparian forest (mature)" (Anderson and Anderson 2000 (ref. 6625))
Metadata
Database number:23002
Authorizer:H. Sims, D. Smith, M. Clapham Enterer:H. Lindon, J. Karr, A. Kinchloe
Modifier:M. Clapham Research group:paleobotany,paleoentomology
Created:2002-07-08 06:06:01 Last modified:2016-12-26 17:01:21
Access level:the public Released:2002-07-08 06:06:01
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
6624. J. M. Anderson and H. M. Anderson. 1983. Palaeoflora of Southern Africa Molteno Formation (Triassic). Palaeoflora of Southern Africa Molteno Formation (Triassic) 1:1-227 [H. Sims/H. Lindon/H. Lindon]

Secondary references:

6625 J. M. Anderson and H. M. Anderson. 2000. Table 35 Molteno vegetative genera, phytosociological table. [H. Sims/H. Lindon/J. Cassara]
37260 E. F. Riek. 1974. Upper Triassic Insects from the Molteno "Formation", South Africa. Palaeontologia Africana 17:19-31 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/J. Karr]
52178 T. Wappler. 2000. Triassische Insekten aus dem Karoo-Becken im südlichen Afrika. Arbeitskreis Paläontologie Hannover 28:68-84 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
37214 T. Wappler. 2001. New orthopteroid insects from the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation, Karoo Basin, southern Africa. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia 24(52/53):87-104 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/M. Clapham]