Waldron Shale Facies A (Biohermal), Southeast Indiana: Wenlock, Indiana
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Anthozoa
- Favositida
- Favositidae
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Favosites forbsei
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58 specimens | |||||||||
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Anthozoa
- Stauriida
- Metriophyllidae
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Duncanella borealis
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11 specimens | |||||||||
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Demospongiae
- Astylospongiidae
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Astylospongia praemorsa
(Goldfuss 1826)
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3 specimens | |||||||||
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Blastoidea
- Coronata
- Stephanocrinidae
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Stephanocrinus sp.
Conrad 1842
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1 specimen | |||||||||
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Crinoidea
- Sagenocrinida
- Lecanocrinidae
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Lecanocrinus pusillus
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1 specimen | |||||||||
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Crinoidea
- Diplobathrida
- Rhodocrinitidae
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Lyriocrinus melissa
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4 specimens | |||||||||
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Crinoidea
- Monobathrida
- Eucalyptocrinitidae
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Eucalyptocrinites crassus
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37 specimens | |||||||||
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Eucalyptocrinites tuberculatus
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15 specimens | |||||||||
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unclassified
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Bryozoa indet.
Ehrenberg 1831
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| ramose and fenestrate forms | ||||||||||
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Stenolaemata
- Cystoporata
- Fistuliporidae
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Fistulipora sp.
McCoy 1850
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13 specimens | |||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Spiriferida
- Delthyrididae
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Howellella crispa
(Hisinger 1827)
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95 specimens | |||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Spiriferida
- Cyrtiidae
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Eospirifer radiatus
(Sowerby 1834)
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10 specimens | |||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Athyridida
- Rhynchospirinidae
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Homoeospira evax
(Hall 1863)
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209 specimens | |||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Athyridida
- Meristellidae
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Whitfieldella nitida
(Hall 1843)
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157 specimens | |||||||||
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Meristina maria
(Hall 1863)
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25 specimens | |||||||||
| Meristella maria | ||||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Atrypida
- Atrypidae
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Atrypa reticularis
(Linnaeus 1758)
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107 specimens | |||||||||
| original and current combination Anomia reticularis | ||||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Orthida
- Dalmanellidae
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Resserella waldronensis
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63 specimens | |||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Orthida
- Rhipidomellidae
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Mendacella circulus
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36 specimens | |||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Pentamerida
- Parastrophinidae
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Anastrophia internascens
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61 specimens | |||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Rhynchonellida
- Trigonirhynchiidae
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Rhynchotreta americana
(Hall 1879)
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19 specimens | |||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Rhynchonellida
- Rhynchotrematidae
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Stegerhynchus indianense
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642 specimens | |||||||||
| original and current combination Rhynchonella (Stegerhynchus) | ||||||||||
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Rhynchonellata
- Rhynchonellida
- Eatoniidae
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Sulcatina sulcata
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16 specimens | |||||||||
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Strophomenata
- Strophomenida
- Strophodontidae
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Strophodonta sp.
(Hall 1852)
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36 specimens | |||||||||
| corrected as Strophomena (Strophodonta) | ||||||||||
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Strophomenata
- Strophomenida
- Rafinesquinidae
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Leptaena rhomboidalis
(Wahlenberg 1818)
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8 specimens | |||||||||
| recombined as Leptaena (Leptaena) rhomboidalis | ||||||||||
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Strophomenata
- Orthotetida
- Chilidiopsidae
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Fardenia subplana
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54 specimens | |||||||||
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Chileata
- Dictyonellida
- Eichwaldiidae
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Dictyonella reticulata
Hall 1868
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24 specimens | |||||||||
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Gastropoda
- Euomphalina
- Platyceratidae
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Platyceratidae indet.
Hall 1859
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34 specimens | |||||||||
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Trilobita
- Phacopida
- Dalmanitidae
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Glyptambon verrucosus
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11 specimens | |||||||||
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Trilobita
- Phacopida
- Calymenidae
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Calymene breviceps
Raymond 1916
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21 specimens | |||||||||
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Trilobita
- Proetida
- Aulacopleuridae
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Maurotarion christi
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32 specimens | |||||||||
| corrected from Harpidella (S.E. Peters, pers. comm. 2002) | ||||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | United States | State/province: | Indiana |
| Coordinates: | 39.0° North, 86.0° West (view map) | ||
| Paleocoordinates: | 27.8° South, 52.2° West | ||
| Basis of coordinate: | based on political unit | ||
| Geographic resolution: | local area |
Time
| Period: | Silurian | Epoch: | Wenlock |
| 10 m.y. bin: | Silurian 2 | *Epoch: | Late/Upper Wenlock |
| Key time interval: | Wenlock | ||
| Age range of interval: | 433.40000 - 427.40000 m.y. ago | ||
| * legacy (obsolete) database fields | |||
Stratigraphy
| Formation: | Waldron Shale |
| Stratigraphic resolution: | formation |
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | intraclastic,shelly/skeletal lithified grainstone | ||
| Secondary lithology: | lithified "shale" | ||
| Lithology description: Facies A: characterized by discontinuous skeletal tempestites and meter-scale algal-constructed bioherms. Storm currents affected this facies and shale clasts are present in shell-bed tempestites...[generally at base of section] [firm substrate] Facies B: ...disappearance of bioherms...less fossiliferous...dominated by 1- to 3-cm thick, laterally continuous mudstone beds that alternate with less resistant shale beds...occasional storm currents... [softer substrate] Facies C:...distinguished by very low abundance of macrofossils [generally near top of section]...[softer substrate still] | |||
| Environment: | deep subtidal shelf | Tectonic setting: | cratonic basin |
| Glacial or sequence phase: | highstand systems tract | ||
| Geology comments: "The Waldron represents the deeper water stage of [a million-year-scale] third order cycle." | |||
Taphonomy
Collection methods and comments
| Reason for describing collection: | paleoecologic analysis |
| Collection method comments: Table 1. | |
Metadata
| Database number: | 25876 | ||
| Authorizer: | M. Foote | Enterer: | M. Foote |
| Modifier: | M. Foote | Research group: | marine invertebrate |
| Created: | 2002-09-26 15:18:21 | Last modified: | 2006-09-08 20:11:16 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2002-09-26 15:18:21 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 7192. | S. E. Peters and K. B. Bork. 1999. Species-abundance models: an ecological approach to inferring paleoenvironment and resolving paleoecological change in the Waldron Shale (Silurian). Palaios 14:234-245 [M. Foote/M. Foote/M. Foote] |