Betfia 7 level 4a: Middle Pleistocene, Romania
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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unclassified
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Praealces latifrons
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Mammuthus cf. trogontherii
(Pohlig 1885)
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus ? mosbachensis
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| Equus sp. (? mosbachensis) | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Praemegaceros ? sp.
Portis 1920
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| Praemegaceros sp. ? | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bison schoetensacki
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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? Crocuta sp.
Erxleben 1777
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Ursus cf. deningeri
Reichenau 1904
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Mustela palerminea
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| Mustela palermina sp. | ||||||||||
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Gulo schlosseri
Kormos 1914
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| synonym of Gulo gulo | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Vulpes sp.
Frisch 1775
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| Vulpes (s.l.) sp. | ||||||||||
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Canis mosbachensis
Soergel 1925
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Mammalia
- Soricidae
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Beremendia fissidens
(Petényi 1864)
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Sorex ex gr. minutus
Linnaeus 1766
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| Sorex minutus | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Ochotonidae
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Ochotona sp.
Link 1795
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Lepus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Sciuridae
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Marmota cf. marmota
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Spermophilus primigenius
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Zapodidae
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Sicista praeloriger
Kormos 1930
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Lagurus transylvanicus
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| Lagurus transylvanicus sp. | ||||||||||
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Allocricetus bursae
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Pliomys episcopalis
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Pliomys lenki
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Clethrionomys ex gr. glareolus
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| synonym of Myodes | ||||||||||
| Clethrionomys gr. glareolus | ||||||||||
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Lemmus aff. lemmus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Mimomys savini
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Microtus arvalidens
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| Microtus (Terricola) arvalidens | ||||||||||
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Microtus gregaloides
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| Microtus (Stenocranius) gregaloides | ||||||||||
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Microtus nivalinus
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| Microtus (Chionomys) nivalinus | ||||||||||
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Microtus nivaloides
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| Microtus (M.) nivaloides MAJOR (M. arvalinus HINTON) | ||||||||||
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Microtus ratticepoides
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| Microtus (M.) ratticepoides | ||||||||||
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Microtus agrestis
(Linnaeus 1761)
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| Microtus (M.) agrestis | ||||||||||
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Cricetus cricetus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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| Cricetus cricetus praeglacialis | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Apodemus ex gr. sylvaticus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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| original and current combination Mus sylvaticus | ||||||||||
| Apodemus gr. sylvaticus | ||||||||||
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Spalax sp.
Güldenstadt 1770
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| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | Romania | County: | Bihor |
| Coordinates: | 47.0° North, 22.0° East (view map) | ||
| Paleocoordinates: | 46.9° North, 22.0° East | ||
| Basis of coordinate: | estimated from map |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
| Stage: | Chibanian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Middle Pleistocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 0.77400 - 0.12900 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Stratigraphy comments: Site overview: the site of Betfia has a height of 8m and encompasses four complexes of layers. The last (level 4) is made up of loess-like deposits, accumulated in sub-aerial conditions. Level 4 comprises two layers of loess separated by a fossil soil. Level 4a is the first loess level and is correlated with Glacial A of the Cromerian (= Early Middle Pleistocene, approx. 0.7Ma) |
Lithology and environment
| Environment: | loess |
| Geology comments: The last (level 4) is made up of loess-like deposits, accumulated in sub-aerial conditions. Level 4 comprises two layers of loess separated by a fossil soil. Level 4a is the first loess level. | |
Taphonomy
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
| Disassociated major elements: | many |
| Disassociated minor elements: | many |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | bulk,field collection |
| Reason for describing collection: | biostratigraphic analysis |
| Collection method comments: SItes discovered between 1966 and 1991 and excavated by the Bucharest Speleological Institute and the "Tarii Crisurilor" Museum of Oradea. | |
| Taxonomic list comments:Level 4a, has remarkable faunal diversity, with Mimomys savini, Microtus gregaloides and a high frequency of Bison schotensacki and the first emergence of Microtus agrestis, Ursus deningeri and Mammuthus trogontherii. | |
Metadata
| Also known as: | Betfia VII/4a Somleu Hill | ||
| Database number: | 34010 | ||
| Authorizer: | A. Turner | Enterer: | H. O'Regan |
| Modifier: | H. O'Regan | Research group: | PACED |
| Created: | 2003-08-12 05:27:15 | Last modified: | 2003-09-02 11:53:07 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2003-08-12 05:27:15 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 8655. | E. Terzea. 1996. Biochronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Betfia (Bihor, Romania). Acta Zoologica Cracovensia 39(1):531-540 [A. Behrensmeyer/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |