Gydo Formation (1st Shale), Keurboomstrand: Emsian, South Africa

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
"Trigaria" informal sp. (a)
Stelleroidea
Stelleroidea indet. Gregory 1900
synonym of Asterozoa
Crinoidea
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821
Crinoidea - Diplobathrida - Rhodocrinitidae
Ophiocrinus stangeri
Orthothecida - Orthothecidae
Orthotheca steinmanni
Strophomenata - Orthotetida - Pulsiidae
Schellwienella sulivani
Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Chonetidae
Notiochonetes falklandicus
Rhynchonellata - Spiriferida - Hysterolitidae
Australospirifer antarcticus
Rhynchonellata - Spiriferida - Ambocoeliidae
Ambocoelia pseudoumbonata
Rhynchonellata - Rhynchonellida - Leptocoeliidae
Australocoelia tourteloti
Rhynchonellata - Terebratulida - Meganterididae
Scaphiocoelia informal sp. (b)
Mutationella whitiorum
Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Orthidae
"Orthis" informal sp. (a) Dalman 1828
Tentaculitida - Tentaculitidae
Tentaculites desuetes
Tentaculites informal sp. (a) von Schlotheim 1820
Cephalopoda - Orthocerida - Orthoceratidae
"Orthoceras" rex
Gastropoda - Bellerophontida - Plectonotidae
Bellerophon cf. laticarinatus (Knod 1908)
recombined as Plectonotus laticarinata
Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Palaeozygopleuridae
Loxonema zwartbergense Reed 1925
recombined as Pragozyga zwartbergense
Gastropoda - Euomphalina - Platyceratidae
"Diaphorostoma" baini
synonym of Platyostoma
Bivalvia
Pelecypoda indet. Goldfuss 1820
synonym of Bivalvia
Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
"Nuculana" informal sp. (b) Link 1807
"Nuculana" informal sp. (d) Link 1807
Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Malletiidae
Palaeoneilo cf. magnifica
Palaeoneilo subantiqua
Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Cucullellidae
Nuculites obtusus
Bivalvia - Grammysiidae
Grammysia informal sp. (b) de Verneuil 1847
Trilobita - Phacopida - Homalonotidae
Burmeisteria herscheli
Trilobita - Phacopida - Calmoniidae
Bainella africana
synonym of Anchiopella
Scyphozoa - Conulariida - Conulariidae
Conularia africana
Conularia gamkaensis
Anthozoa - Favositida - Micheliniidae
Pleurodictyum bokkeveldense
Pleurodictyum informal sp. (b) Goldfuss 1829
see common names

Geography
Country:South Africa
Coordinates: 34.0° South, 23.5° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:58.3° South, 153.7° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period:Devonian Epoch:Early/Lower Devonian
Stage:Emsian 10 m.y. bin:Devonian 2
Key time interval:Emsian
Age range of interval:407.60000 - 393.30000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Bokkeveld Formation:Gydo
Stratigraphic resolution:formation
Stratigraphy comments: Age call from ref. 9618
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:bioturbation mudstone
Secondary lithology:bioturbation siltstone
Lithology description: Ref. 9616 refers only to "shale". Ref. 9617, for formation as a whole, cites "Mudstones and siltstones and minor thin-bedded sandstone, scattered fossiliferous nodules and lenses, lenticular bedding, abundant bioturbation."
Environment:marine indet.
Geology comments: Ref. 9618 gives interpretation of Bokkeveld Group as a series of shallowing-upward packages, with argillaceous unit below and arenaceous unit above. Gydo Formation, as the "first shale", is the lowermost argillaceous unit. The shallowing upward sequence is interpreted as representing environments from the shelf up to deltaic systems. Most fossils come from lower mudstones, often in lenses.
Taphonomy
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:biostratigraphic analysis
Collection method comments: Author gives numbers from personal collections, which are said to have some bearing on actual abundances.
Metadata
Database number:35590
Authorizer:M. Foote Enterer:M. Foote
Modifier:M. Foote Research group:marine invertebrate
Created:2003-12-29 15:12:10 Last modified:2006-09-13 14:01:03
Access level:the public Released:2003-12-29 15:12:10
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
9616. R. D. F. Oosthuizen. 1984. Preliminary catalogue and report on the biostratigraphy and palaeogeographic distribution of the Bokkeveld fauna. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 87:125-140 [M. Foote/M. Foote/M. Foote]

Secondary references:

9618 N. Hiller and J. N. Theron. 1988. Benthic communities in the South African Devonian. In N. J. McMillan, A. F. Embry, D. J. Glass (eds.), Devonian of the World, Volume III. 229-242 [M. Foote/M. Foote/M. Uhen]
9617 P. A. Jell and J. N. Theron. 1999. Early Devonian echinoderms from South Africa. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(1):115-199 [M. Foote/M. Foote/M. Foote]