Perrier-Etouaires: MN 16, France

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Mammutidae
Zygolophodon borsoni
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Anancus arvernensis (Croizet and Jobert 1828)
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Dicerorhinus megarhinus (de Christol 1835)
14 specimens
5 tarsals (2327), 5 metatarsals (2331), 1 radius (2317), 1 right femur, 2 metacarpals (2339, 2333), all in the MNHN, Paris.
    = Dicerorhinus jeanvireti GuĂ©rin 1972
Heintz et al. 1974
recombined as Stephanorhinus jeanvireti
Dicerorhinus etruscus (Falconer 1868)
9 specimens
2 right humeri and 1 atlas (MNHN, Paris), 1 right juvenile calcaneum (P. 86, Lyon Museum), 1 incomplete juvenile tibia and a fragment of proximal radius (D17 and D8-10, Clermont-Ferrand) and 3 femora (Prr 155, 323 and 340, Bale Museum).
    = Stephanorhinus etruscus Falconer 1868
O'Regan 2003
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Tapirus arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
not rare.
Mammalia - Cervidae
Croizetoceros ramosus (Croizet and Jobert 1828)
"Cervus" cusanus Croizet and Jobert 1928
recombined as Procapreolus cusanus
"Cervus" pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
recombined as Metacervocerus pardinensis
Arvernoceros ardei (Croizet and Jobert 1828)
"Cervus" perrieri Croizet and Jobert 1828
recombined as Praeelaphus perrieri
Mammalia - Bovidae
Leptobos elatus
Material in Bale Museum and MNHN, Paris.
Gazella borbonica
Pliotragus ardeus (Deperet 1883)
Mammalia - Suidae
Sus arvernensis Deperet 1885
6 specimens
6 maxilla and mandible fragments, include two type specimens from Croizet and Jobert (1829). All held in the Croizet Collection, MNHM, Paris.
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae
Acinonyx pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
type specimen, a mandible , held in the MNHN, Paris. Figured in Schaub 1949.
Felis issiodorensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
abundant. 3 crania in Bale (Prr 200, 201, 411) and 1 cranium in Lyon Museum (P. 143).
    = Lynx issiodorensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
Heintz et al. 1974
? Homotherium sainzelli Aymard 1853
doubtful metatarsals in Bale Museum.
    = ? Homotherium crenatidens Fabrini 1890
Heintz et al. 1974
Megantereon megantereon Croizet and Jobert 1828
1 cranium in MNHN, Paris.
Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Euryboas lunensis (Del Campana 1914)
Isolated teeth kept in Clermont.
    = Chasmaporthetes lunensis Del Campana 1914
McKenna and Bell 1997
Hyaena perrieri Croizet and Jobert 1828
Type specimen, a mandible (834) in MNHN, Paris.
    = Pliocrocuta perrieri Kretzoi 1938
O'Regan 2003
Mammalia - Carnivora - Ursidae
Ursus etruscus Cuvier 1823
Material in the Bravard collection MNHN, Paris, figured by Heller (1949) and Viret (1954).
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Enhydrictis ardea Bravard 1828
Zorilla fossilis
at least 2 mandibles in the MNHM, Paris, figured in Schaub 1949.
    = Baranogale antiqua Pomel 1864
Heintz et al. 1974
Aonyx bravardi (Pomel 1843)
original and current combination Lutra bravardi
at least 1 maxilla figured in Gervais 1859.
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
? Vulpes alopecoides Forsyth Major 1877
a back paw? (patte posterieure) M56 in Clermont.
Canis megamastoides n. sp. Pomel 1842
material in MNHN, Paris.
Canis aff. etruscus Forsyth Major 1877
Material in the NHM, London and a tibia (R. 21) in Clermont.
Mammalia - Talpidae
Talpidae indet. (Fischer de Waldheim 1817)
several specimens including an upper right M3 (Prr 103) and a proximal ulna fragment (Prr 98), all in Bale Museum.
Galemys sp. Kaup 1829
1 specimen
1 right lower M1 (Prr 104, Bale)
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae
Mimomys sp. Forsyth-Major 1902
Bonifay 1991
see common names

Geography
Country:France
Coordinates: 45.7° North, 2.9° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:45.8° North, 2.6° East
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Pliocene
Stage:Piacenzian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:MN 16
Age range of interval:3.20000 - 2.58000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy comments: Middle Pliocene, Villafranchian, Villanyian. Estimated to date between 2.6-2.25Ma.
Lithology and environment
Taphonomy
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:biostratigraphic analysis
Collection method comments: This paper gives an updated faunal list. Where details have been provided on earlier identifications these have been entered too.
Type locailty for Sus arvernensis Croizet & Jobert, 1828, Gazella borbonica Deperet, 1884 and Pliotragus ardeus (Deperet, 1884).
Taxonomic list comments:Like Vialette, the equids reported from this site appear to have been mis-identifed or poorly provenanced. Therefore the authors conclude that Equus stenonis was not present in this fauna. Hippopotamus has also been reported and subsequently discounted.
Metadata
Also known as:Les Etouaires, Etouaires, Perrier
Database number:47100
Authorizer:A. Turner Enterer:H. O'Regan
Modifier:H. O'Regan Research group:PACED
Created:2005-02-08 07:26:12 Last modified:2005-03-02 11:04:14
Access level:the public Released:2005-02-08 07:26:12
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
12548.PACED E. Heintz, C. Guerin, R. Martin and F. Prat. 1974. Principaux gisements villafranchiens de France: Listes fauniques et biostratigraphie. Memoires du Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres 78(1):169-182 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]

Secondary references:

12802PACED E. Bonifay. 1991. Les Premieres industries du Sud-Est de la France et du Massif-Central. In E. Bonifay, B. Vandermeersch (eds.), Les Premiers Europeens. Edition du comite des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques (CTHS) 63-80 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/M. Uhen]
7584 M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level 1-640 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]
9580PACED H. J. O'Regan. 2003. Reidentifications and synonomies of European mammals. [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/M. Uhen]