KO2 locality, Shokawa Village, Kobudani Valley: Late/Upper Hauterivian - Aptian, Japan
collected by Shibata, Ohkura, & Shimizu 1990–1994

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Onychiopis elongata
Evans et al. 1998
Taenopteris emarginata
Evans et al. 1998
Insecta - Coleoptera
Coleoptera indet. Linnaeus 1758
Evans et al. 1998
Insecta - Hemiptera
? Hemiptera indet. Linnaeus 1758
Evans et al. 1998
Gastropoda - Viviparidae
Viviparus onogoensis
Evans et al. 1998
Bivalvia - Unionida - Unionidae
Unio agamigoensis
Evans et al. 1998
Osteichthyes
Osteichthyes indet. Huxley 1880
Evans et al. 1998
Reptilia - Squamata
Squamata informal indet. A Oppel 1811
Evans and Manabe 1999 2 specimens
IBEF VP 24, IBEF VP 26
Squamata informal indet. B Oppel 1811
Evans and Manabe 1999 1 specimen
IBEF VP 21
Reptilia
Sakurasaurus shokawensis n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Manabe 1999
Evans and Manabe 1999 8 specimens
IBEF VP 17, SBEG VP 001, SBEG VP 003, IBEF VP 18-20, 25,
Scincomorpha indet. Camp 1923
Evans et al. 1998
"new genus"
? Anguimorpha indet. Fürbringer 1900
Evans et al. 1998
Reptilia - Testudines - Sinochelyidae
Peishanemydidae indet. Nessov 1981
Evans et al. 1998
synonym of Sinochelyidae
Scutemys sp. Wiman 1930
Evans et al. 1998
synonym of Sinochelys
Reptilia - Testudines - Sinemydidae
cf. Sinemys sp. Wiman 1930
Evans et al. 1998
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825
Evans et al. 1998
Reptilia - Testudines - Adocidae
Adocidae indet. Cope 1869
Danilov et al. 2011
orig. Trionychoidea indet.
Reptilia - Crocodilia
Crocodilia indet. Owen 1842
Evans et al. 1998
spelled with current rank as Crocodylia
Reptilia - Hypsilophodontidae
Hypsilophodontidae indet. Dollo 1882
Evans et al. 1998
Reptilia - Iguanodontidae
Iguanodontidae indet. Bonaparte 1850
4 specimens
Reptilia - Theropoda
Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881
Evans et al. 1998
Reptilia - Dromaeosauridae
Velociraptorinae indet. Barsbold 1983
Evans et al. 1998
Reptilia
Avialae indet. Gauthier 1986
Evans et al. 1998
Pterodactyloidea indet. Plieninger 1901
Evans et al. 1998
Reptilia - Dsungaripteridae
Dsungaripteridae indet. Young 1964
Evans et al. 1998
Reptilia
Shokawa ikoi n. gen., n. sp. Evans and Manabe 1999
Evans and Manabe 1999 11 specimens
IBEF VP 3 (holotype postcranium), IBEF VP 8 (right dentary), 9 (left dentary), 10 (right distal humerus, forearm and part of hand), 11 (right radius), 12 (articulated caudal vertebrae), 13 (fragemntary hindlimb), 14 (a caudal vertebra), 15 (associated caudal vertebrae), 16 (hind limb), 200 (dorsal vertebra)
Monjurosuchus sp. Endo 1940
Matsumoto et al. 2007 1 individual
SBEG 045 (association of right squamosal, jugal, quadratojugal, and quadrate)
Amphibia - Temnospondyli
Anura indet. (Fischer von Waldheim 1813)
Evans et al. 1998 2 specimens
"discoglossid-grade"; IBEF VP 28, 39
Caudata indet. Scopoli 1777
Evans et al. 1998 1 specimen
IBEF VP 30
Sinamiidae
Sinamia sp.
Evans et al. 1998
Charales - Characea
Mesochara sp. Grambast 1962
Sano and Yabe 2017
Coniferales - Podocarpaceae
Podocarpus reinii
Evans et al. 1998
Polypodiopsida
Cladophlebis sp. Brongniart 1849
Evans et al. 1998
Cycadopsida - Cycadales
Nilssonia kutai
Evans et al. 1998
misspelling Nilsonia
see common names

Geography
Country:Japan State/province:Gifu
Coordinates: 36.1° North, 136.9° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:46.8° North, 138.3° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Early/Lower Cretaceous
Key time interval:Late/Upper Hauterivian - Aptian
Age range of interval:132.60000 - 113.00000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Tetori Formation:Okurodani
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: Itoshiro Subgroup, lowest part of formation; Three levels with fossils within layer: lowemost plant macrofossils, then assorted bones and fish; then dinosaur teeth at top - total thickness 200 mm maximum.
'KO2 bone-bed horizon'
The fossiliferous horizon has been provisionally dated in relation to volcaninc tuff layers above the bone bed, for which dates of 120-140 Ma were obtained by fission track dating (Gifu-Ken Dinosaur Research Committee 1993).

The age of the Okurodani Formation is controversial, Kusuhashi et al. (2006) suggested a Barremian-Aptian age according to tuffaceous mudstone zircons, Nagata et al. (2019) suggested an age of 129.2 ± 0.4 (95% CI) Ma, and Sano and Yabe (2017) proposed an age of Late Hauterivian or younger.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:fine,gray silty sandstone
Secondary lithology: mudstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "Alternating beds of fine-grained sandstone, mudstone and coarse-grained sandstone with a tuff bed. The dinosaur teeth were obtained from a muddy fine-grained sandstone bed." "The bone-bed matrix is a dark gray silty-sandstone."
Environment:fine channel fill
Geology comments: possibly "a floodplain environment close to a large river"
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Degree of concentration:-bonebed
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:medium
Abundance in sediment:abundant
Articulated whole bodies:some
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Fragmentation:frequent
Temporal resolution:time-averaged
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (float),surface (in situ),field collection
Collection size:800 specimens
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collectors:Shibata, Ohkura, & Shimizu Collection dates:1990–1994
Collection method comments: Repositories: Visitor's Centre of the Board of Education, Shokawa village (SBEG VP); Visitor's Centre of the Izumi Board of Education, Izumi, Fukui Prefecture, Japan (IBEF VP). Collected by Mr Ikoi Shibata, Mr Ohkura, Mr Shimizu
Metadata
Also known as:Shokawa Village locality 2 (KO-2)
Database number:50310
Authorizer:M. Carrano, R. Benson Enterer:M. Carrano, R. Benson
Modifier:G. Varnham Research group:vertebrate
Created:2005-05-12 11:06:19 Last modified:2022-04-27 08:01:11
Access level:the public Released:2005-05-12 11:06:19
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
13515.ETE Y. Hasegawa, M. Manabe, S. Isaji, M. Ohkura, I. Shibata and I. Yamaguchi. 1995. Terminally resorbed iguanodontid teeth from the Neocomian Tetori Group, Ishikawa and Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series C 21(1, 2):35-49 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

54268 Y. Azuma and Y. Tomida. 1995. Early Cretaceous dinosaur fauna of the Tetori Group in Japan. In A. Sun, Y. Wang (eds.), Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, Short Papers 125-131 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/P. Wagner]
54277 Y. Azuma and Y. Tomida. 1997. Japanese dinosaurs. In P. J. Currie, K. Padian (eds.), Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs 375-379 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/P. Wagner]
29481 E. Cook, S. Isaji, and M. Manabe. 1998. Preliminary results of a taphonomic study of a vertebrate accumulation from the Tetori Group (Lower Cretaceous) of Japan. Paleontological Research 2(1):47-52 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
37404ETE I. G. Danilov, V. B. Sukhanov, and E. V. Syromyatnikova. 2011. New Asiatic materials on turtles of the family Adocidae with a review of the adocid record in Asia. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 315(2):101-132 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/P. Mannion]
29476ETE S. E. Evans and M. Manabe. 1998. Early Cretaceous frog remains from the Okurodani Formation, Tetori Group, Japan. Paleontological Research 2(4):275-278 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
14077ETE S. E. Evans, M. Manabe, E. Cook, R. Hirayama, S. Isaji, C. J. Nicholas, D. Unwin and Y. Yabumoto. 1998. An Early Cretaceous assemblage from Gifu Prefecture, Japan. In S. G. Lucas, J. I. Kirkland, and J. W. Estep (eds.), Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 14:183-186 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
37287 S. E. Evans and M. Manabe. 1999. Early Cretaceous lizards from the Okurodani Formation of Japan. Geobios 32(6):889-899 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
37786 S. E. Evans and M. Manabe. 1999. A choristoderan reptile from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan. In D. M. Unwin (ed.), Cretaceous Fossil Vertebrates. Special Papers in Palaeontology 60:101-119 [R. Benson/R. Benson/M. Carrano]
37792 R. Matsumoto, S. E. Evans, and M. Manabe. 2007. The choristoderan reptile Monjurosuchus from the Early Cretaceous of Japan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52(2):329-350 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
69508 S.-i. Sano and A. Yabe. 2017. Fauna and flora of Early Cretaceous Tetori Group in central Japan: the clues to revealing the evolution of Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem in Asia. Palaeoworld 26:253-267 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]