Vallonnet Cave bed 3 'faunal level', Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes Maritimes: Early/Lower Pleistocene, France
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Angiospermae
- Sapindales
- Anacardiaceae
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Pistacia sp.
Linnaeus 1753
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Angiospermae
- Malvales
- Tiliaceae
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Tilia sp.
Linnaeus 1753
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Angiospermae
- Malvales
- Cistaceae
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Cistaceae indet.
Jussieu 1789
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Cistacees (cistes ou helianthemes) | ||||||||||
Angiospermae
- Fagales
- Fagaceae
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Quercus sp.
Linnaeus 1753
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Quercus type ilex-coccifera | ||||||||||
Quercus pendunculata
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Quercus type pendunculata-pubescens | ||||||||||
Angiospermae
- Fagales
- Betulaceae
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Alnus sp.
Miller 1754
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Corylus sp.
Linnaeus 1753
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Carpinus sp.
Linnaeus 1753
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Carpinus-Ostrya sp. | ||||||||||
Angiospermae
- Rosales
- Rhamnaceae
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Rhamnus sp.
Linnaeus 1753
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Angiospermae
- Myrtales
- Myrtaceae
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Myrtus sp.
Linnaeus 1753
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Angiospermae
- Lamiales
- Oleaceae
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Phillyrea sp.
Linnaeus 1753
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Coniferales
- Cupressaceae
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Cupressaceae indet.
Gray 1822
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de Lumley 1988 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
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Castor fiber
Linnaeus 1758
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= Hystrix refossa
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Hystrix major
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1976. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Gliridae
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Eliomys cf. quercinus
Linnaeus 1766
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Eliomys quercinus helleri. in de Lumley et al. 1976. | ||||||||||
= Eliomys quercinus
Linnaeus 1766
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Chaline 1988 | |||||||||
Eliomys quercinus helleri | ||||||||||
Glis minor
Kowalski 1963
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in de Lumley et al. 1976. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Apodemus mystacinus
Danford and Alston 1877
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in de Lumley et al. 1976. | ||||||||||
Mus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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with Asiatic affinities. in de Lumley et al. 1976. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Ungaromys nanus
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in de Lumley et al. 1976. | ||||||||||
Allophaiomys cf. pliocaenicus
Kormos 1932
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in de Lumley et al. 1976. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Primates
- Cercopithecidae
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Macaca sp.
Lacépède 1799
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in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Macaca sylvanus
Linnaeus 1758
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Macaca sylvanus florentina | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Rhinoceros etruscus
Falconer 1868
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Dicerorhinus etruscus
Falconer 1868
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
recombined as Stephanorhinus etruscus | ||||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Equus bressanus
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Equus stenonis
Cocchi 1867
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recombined as Allohippus stenonis | ||||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. Equus stenonis senezensis. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Suidae
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Sus scrofa
Linnaeus 1758
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Sus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
great size. in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
Hippopotamus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Sus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
mis-identification of a large suid canine. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Cervidae
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"Praemegaceros" sp. n. sp.
Portis 1920
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Alces alces
(Linnaeus 1758)
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Euctenoceros senezensis
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Eucladoceros aff. tetraceros
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Cervus elaphus
Linnaeus 1758
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Cervus philisi
Mennecart et al. 2017
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Cervus vallonetensis
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
= aff. Cervus nestii
Azzaroli 1947
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
"Cervus" (s.l.) nestii vallonnetensis n. ssp. | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bovidae indet.
Gray 1821
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Capra ibex
Linnaeus 1758
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Leptobos sp.
Rutimeyer 1878
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Leptobos aff. etruscus
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Bos primigenius
Bojanus 1827
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Bos cf. primigenius
Bojanus 1827
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= cf. Bos primigenius
Bojanus 1827
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Bovidae cf. Bos primigenius | ||||||||||
Ovibovini sp. n. sp.
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Nemorhoedus philisi
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in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Hemitragus bonali
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Acinonyx pardinensis
Croizet and Jobert 1828
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in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
Felis cf. leo
Linnaeus 1758
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smaller size than Felis spelaea. In de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Panthera leo
Linnaeus 1758
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Panthera leo fossilis | ||||||||||
Panthera gombaszoegensis
(Kretzoi 1938)
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Panthera pardus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Felis sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Lynx pardina
Temminck 1827
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
recombined as Lynx pardinus | ||||||||||
Lynx pardina spelaea | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Hyaena spelaea
Goldfuss 1823
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Crocuta perrieri
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Hyaena brevirostris
Gervais 1850
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
recombined as Pachycrocuta brevirostris | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Phocidae
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Monachus albiventer
(Boddaert 1785)
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in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Monachus monachus
Hermann 1779
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Ursus deningeri
Reichenau 1904
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Ursus spelaeus
Rosenmüller 1794
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Ursus cf. arctos
Linnaeus 1758
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Ursus etruscus
Cuvier 1823
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Xenocyon lycaonoides
Kretzoi 1938
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Moullé et al. 2006 | |||||||||
Canis lupus
Linnaeus 1758
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Canis cf. lupus
Linnaeus 1758
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Canis lupus
Linnaeus 1758
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Canis lupus mosbachensis | ||||||||||
Vulpes vulpes
(Linnaeus 1758)
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praeglacialis | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Proboscidea
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Balaena sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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2 specimens | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1976. 1 tooth, 1 vertebra. | ||||||||||
= Proboscidea indet.
Illiger 1811
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Vertebra = fragmented proboscidean calcaneum. Tooth = eroded bear canine. Poplin (1983). | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Elephas antiquus
Falconer and Cautley 1847
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in Sylvain Gagniere 1961, p. 384. | ||||||||||
= Elephas meridonalis
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
= Mammuthus meridionalis
Nesti 1825
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Testudinidae
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Testudo iberica
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= Testudo sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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de Lumley et al. 1988 | |||||||||
in de Lumley et al. 1963. | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | France | State/province: | Alpes Maritimes |
Coordinates: | 43.8° North, 7.5° East (view map) | ||
Paleocoordinates: | 43.8° North, 7.3° East | ||
Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark |
Time
Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
Key time interval: | Early/Lower Pleistocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 2.58800 - 0.78100 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Member: | 3 | ||||
Local section: | Vallonnet | Local bed: | B-C | ||
Local order: | bottom to top | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: Dated by ESR between 980,000 to 910,000 years ago (Jaramillo event). Late Early Pleistocene. Mammalian fauna is found in level 3, known as the 'Faunal horizon of Vallonnet'. There are three levels within member 3 - B1, B2 and C, but the large mammal faunal list is not subdivided. |
Lithology and environment
Lithology description: sandy clayey-muds, rich in stoneas and pebbles. Red in colour and 30 to 100cm thick. | |
Environment: | cave |
Geology comments: 5 stratigraphic units at the site. Bed 3 is further subdivided into levels B1, B2 and C, but the large mammal fauna is given as a list for the entire bed. The first level (C) correponds to a very dry and cold climate, whilst the upper (B1) is progressively more temperate and humid. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | bone collector |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection: | general faunal/floral analysis |
Metadata
Database number: | 50342 | ||
Authorizer: | A. Turner, B. Allen | Enterer: | H. O'Regan, B. Allen |
Modifier: | H. O'Regan | Research group: | PACED |
Created: | 2005-05-13 02:56:40 | Last modified: | 2005-05-26 05:32:58 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2005-05-13 02:56:40 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
13519. | PACED | H. de Lumley, H.-D. Kahlke, A.-M. Moigne and P.-E. Moulle. 1988. Les Faunes de grands mammiferes de la Grotte du Vallonnet, Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes. L'Anthropologie 92(2):465-496 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
Secondary references:
13550 | PACED | J. Chaline. 1988. Les rongeurs de la Grotte du Vallonnet (Alpes-Maritimes), L'environnement et l'age du site. L'Anthropologie (Paris) 98(2):497-499 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
13534 | PACED | H. de Lumley. 1988. La stratigraphie du remplissage de la Grotte du Vallonnet. L'Anthropologie (Paris) 92(2):407-428 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan] |
85449 | P.-E. Moullé, A. Echassoux, and F. Lacombat. 2006. Taxonomie du grand canidé de la grotte du Vallonnet (Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes, France) [Taxonomy of the large canid of Vallonnet cave (Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, Alpes-Maritimes, France)]. L'Anthropologie 110(5):832-836 [B. Allen/B. Allen] |