Flat Rocks, Bunurong Marine Park: Late/Upper Aptian, Australia
collected by N. Barton, T. Rich, L. Kool, A. Martin, T. Lamb 1991–1992, 1994–

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Dipnomorpha - Neoceratodontidae
Neoceratodus sp. Castelnau 1876
Kool et al. 1996
    = Neoceratodus nargun Kemp 1983
Rich and Vickers-Rich 2020
Dipnoi
Dipnoi indet. (Müller 1884)
Rich and Vickers-Rich 2020
Reptilia
Theropoda indet. (Marsh 1881)
Kool and Van Klaveren 1996 10 specimens
NMV P210090, 212806, 216642 (distal caudal vertebrae); NMV P199050 (manual phalanx), P199085, P208512 (ungual phalanges); NMV P209990 (metatarsal ?IV); 3 tracks
Maniraptora indet. Gauthier 1986
Benson et al. 2012 1 specimen
NMV P216672 (dorsal vertebra)
Enantiornithes indet. Walker 1981
Close et al. 2009 1 specimen
NMV P208183
Reptilia - Ornithomimidae
Ornithomimidae indet. Marsh 1890
Kool et al. 1996 1 specimen
ungual
Reptilia - Megaraptoridae
? Megaraptora indet. Benson et al. 2010
Benson et al. 2012 90 specimens
at least 90 teeth
    = Australovenator wintonensis Hocknull et al. 2009
Salisbury et al. 2011
Reptilia - Neovenatoridae
Neovenatoridae indet. Benson et al. 2010
Benson et al. 2012 2 specimens
NMV P221187 (dorsal centrum), NMV P208096 (middle caudal centrum)
Reptilia
? Nodosauridae indet. Marsh 1890
Kool et al. 1996 17 specimens
NMV P186435, 186463, 198953, 199128, 199198, 199988, 208229, 209963, 210093, 212808, 216508, 221060, 221105, 208085, 199100, 221200, 221201, 221213
    = Ankylosauria indet. Osborn 1923
Kool et al. 2000
Ornithopoda indet. (Marsh 1881)
Herne et al. 2019 10 specimens
NMV P199135, P208506, P210049, P228408, P231182, P208192 (= "Victorian ornithopodan dentary morphotype 3 (VOD3)"); P198982, P208495, P211151, P216768 (neonate femora)
Fulgurotherium australe Huene 1932
Rich and Vickers-Rich 1999 15 specimens
NMV P186370, 186468, 198888, 198889, 198931, 198963, 198981, 198981a, 198982, 199022, 199091, 199138, 199146, 208159, 208231
    = Iguanodontia indet. Baur 1891
Agnolin et al. 2010
Galleonosaurus dorisae n. gen., n. sp. Herne et al. 2019
Herne et al. 2019 4 specimens
NMV P229196, P208178, P209977, P212845
cf. Atlascopcosaurus loadsi Rich and Vickers-Rich 1989
Herne et al. 2019 1 specimen
NMV P208133, partial R maxilla w/erupted dentition
Hypsilophodontidae indet. Dollo 1882
Kool and Van Klaveren 1995 3 specimens
NMV P199075 (= "Victorian ornithopodan dentary morphotype 1 (VOD1)")
    = Qantassaurus intrepidus n. gen., n. sp. Rich and Vickers-Rich 1999
Rich and Vickers-Rich 1999
Qantassaurus ? intrepidus Rich and Vickers-Rich 1999
Herne et al. 2019 2 specimens
NMV 198962, 199087 (orig. Q. intrepidus; = "Victorian ornithopodan dentary morphotype 2 (VOD2)")
Pterosauria indet. (Kaup 1834)
Rich and Vickers-Rich 2020
Reptilia - Plesiosauria
Plesiosauria indet. de Blainville 1835
Benson et al. 2013 12 specimens
ten teeth (NMV P186376, P199124, P208117, P208320, P212943, P216500, P216561, P221164, P228442, P228447), two cervical ribs (NMV P186455, P208161); "smaller taxon"
Reptilia
Testudinata indet. (Oppel 1811)
Kool et al. 1996
Mammalia - Multituberculata
Multituberculata indet. (Cope 1884)
Rich and Vickers-Rich 2020
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Corriebaataridae
Corriebaatar marywaltersae n. gen., n. sp. Rich et al. 2009
Rich et al. 2009 1 specimen
NMV P216655
Mammalia
Tribosphenida indet. (McKenna 1975)
Rich and Vickers-Rich 2020
Mammalia - Monotremata
Monotremata indet. (Bonaparte 1838)
Rich and Vickers-Rich 2020
Mammalia - Monotremata - Ornithorhynchidae
Teinolophos trusleri n. gen., n. sp. Rich et al. 1999
Piper et al. 2006
originally entered as "Teinolophus trusleri"
Mammalia
Bishops whitmorei n. gen., n. sp. Rich et al. 2001
Rich et al. 2001 2 specimens
NMV P210075
Mammalia indet. (Linnaeus 1758)
Kool and Van Klaveren 1996 1 specimen
jaw
    = Ausktribosphenos nyktos n. gen., n. sp. Rich et al. 1997
Rich et al. 1997
unclassified
Osteichthyes indet. Huxley 1880
Kool et al. 1996 1 specimen
"fish jaw"
    = Actinopterygii indet. Cope 1887
Rich and Vickers-Rich 2020
see common names

Geography
Country:Australia State/province:Victoria
Coordinates: 38.7° South, 145.7° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:77.0° South, 117.5° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Early/Lower Cretaceous
10 m.y. bin:Cretaceous 2-3
Key time interval:Late/Upper Aptian Pollen zone: Cyclosporites hughesii
Age range of interval:119.50000 - 113.00000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Strzelecki Formation:Wonthaggi
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: early Aptian according to Rich et al. 2005 and Benson et al. 2012; late Aptian according to Salisbury et al. 2016
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:fine sandstone
Secondary lithology: muddy conglomerate
Includes fossils?Y
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "bone-bearing conglomerate"
Environment:fluvial indet. Tectonic setting:rift
Geology comments: fluvial environment: floodplains with braided river channels
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,trace
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:medium
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Fragmentation:frequent
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collectors:N. Barton, T. Rich, L. Kool, A. Martin, T. Lamb Collection dates:1991–1992, 1994–
Collection method comments: NMV, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
Metadata
Also known as:Inverloch, Dinosaur Dreaming
Database number:51961
Authorizer:M. Carrano, R. Benson, M. Uhen Enterer:M. Carrano, M. Uhen, R. Benson
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2005-07-06 11:11:50 Last modified:2023-01-24 10:25:39
Access level:the public Released:2005-07-06 11:11:50
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
63249. T. H. Rich and P. Vickers-Rich. 1994. Digs at Dinosaur Cove and Flat Rocks 1994. Excavation Report: Dinosaur Cove 1993–1994 & Inverloch 1994 1-4 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

32702ETE F. L. Agnolin, M. D. Ezcurra, D. F. Pais and S. W. Salisbury. 2010. A reappraisal of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaur faunas from Australia and New Zealand: evidence for their Gondwanan affinities. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8(2):257-300 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
38205 P. M. Barrett, T. H. Rich, P. Vickers-Rich, T. A. Tumanova, M. Inglis, D. Pickering, L. Kool and B. P. Kear. 2010. Ankylosaurian dinosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous of southeastern Australia. Alcheringa 34(3):205-217 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
46098 R. B. J. Benson, E. M. G. Fitzgerald, T. H. Rich and P. Vickers Rich. 2013. Large freshwater plesiosaurian from the Cretaceous (Aptian) of Australia. Alcheringa [R. Benson/R. Benson/O. Alfaro]
41603 R. B. J. Benson, T. H. Rich, P. Vickers Rich and M. Hall. 2012. Theropod fauna from southern Australia indicates high polar diversity and climate-driven dinosaur provinciality. PLoS ONE 7(5):e37122 [R. Benson/R. Benson/O. Alfaro]
30178ETE R. A. Close, P. Vickers-Rich, P. Trusler, L. M. Chiappe, J. O'Connor, T. H. Rich, L. Kool and P. Komarower. 2009. Earliest Gondwanan bird from the Cretaceous of southeastern Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(2):616-619 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
51909 A. Constantine, A. Chinsamy, P. Vickers-Rich and T. H. Rich. 1998. Periglacial environments and polar dinosaurs. South African Journal of Science [M. Carrano/A. Murch]
75855 M. C. Herne, J. P. Nair, A. R. Evans and A. M. Tait. 2019. New small-bodied ornithopods (Dinosauria, Neornithischia) from the Early Cretaceous Wonthaggi Formation (Strzelecki Group) of the Australian-Antarctic rift system, with revision of Qantassaurus intrepidus Rich and Vickers-Rich, 1999. Journal of Paleontology 93(3):543-584 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
82487 J. L. Kitchener, N. E. Campione, E. T. Smith and P. R. Bell. 2019. High-latitude neonate and perinate ornithopods from the mid-Cretaceous of southeastern Australia. Scientific Reports 9(1):19600:1-14 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63328 L. Kool. 2001. Expedition report. Dinosaur Draming: Flat Rocks Site Report 2001 3-8 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63345 L. Kool. 2002. Field report. Dinosaur Draming: Flat Rocks Field Report 2002 3-8 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
81834 L. Kool. 2005. Field report. Dinosaur Dreaming 2005 Field Report 1-3 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63250 L. Kool and N. Van Klaveren. 1995. The 1995 Inverloch field trip report. Dinosaur Dreaming: Flat Rocks, Inverloch Field Report, 1995 1-9 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63251 L. Kool, N. A. Van Klaveren, and A. Constantine. 1996. Flat Rocks site excavation report, 1996. Dinosaur Dreaming: Inverloch Site Report, 1996 1-7 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63252 L. Kool and N. A. Van Klaveren. 1996. Dinosaur Dreaming 1997 field report. Dinosaur Dreaming: Flat Rocks Site Report, 1997 1-9 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63253 L. Kool, N. A. Van Klaveren, D. Seegets Villiers, T. H. RIch, and P. Vickers-Rich. 1998. Dinosaur Dreaming 1998 annual report. Dinosaur Dreaming: Flat Rocks Site Report, 1998 1-21 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63256 L. Kool, N. A. Van Klaveren, D. Seegets-Villiers and T. H. Rich. 1999. Dinosaur Dreaming 1999 annual report. Dinosaur Dreaming: Flat Rocks Site Report, 1999 1-18 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63257 L. Kool, N. A. Van Klaveren, T. H. Rich, D. Seegets-Villiers, K. Bacheller, A. Fraser, and L. Fletcher. 2000. Dinosaur Dreaming 2000 annual report. Dinosaur Dreaming: Flat Rocks Site Report, 2000 1-29 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
82447 A. J. Martin. 2016. A close look at Victoria's first known dinosaur tracks. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74:63-71 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
23682 K. J. Piper, E. M. G. Fitzgerald, and T. H. Rich. 2006. Mesozoic to early Quaternary mammal faunas of Victoria, South-East Australia. Palaeontology 49(6):1237-1262 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
76422 S. F. Poropat. 2019. Final report. Winston Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia 1-56 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63344 T. H. Rich. 2001. Research report. Dinosaur Draming: Flat Rocks Site Report 2001 13-16 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
24342 T. H. Rich, T. F. Flannery, P. Trusler, L. Kool, N. Klavern and P. Vickers-Rich. 2001. A second tribosphenic mammal from the Mesozoic of Australia. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum 110:1-10 [B. Beatty/B. Beatty]
25215ETE T. H. Rich, P. Vickers-Rich, A. Constantine, T. F. Flannery, L. Kool and N. Klaveren. 1997. A tribosphenic mammal from the Mesozoic of Australia. Science 278:1438-1442 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
13869ETE T. H. Rich and P. Vickers-Rich. 1999. The Hypsilophodontidae from southeastern Australia. In Y. Tomida, T. H. Rich, and P. Vickers-Rich (eds.), Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium, National Science Museum Monographs 15:167-180 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
18059ETE T. H. Rich and P. Vickers-Rich. 2003. A Century of Australian Dinosaurs. Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery and Monash Science Centre, Monash University 1-124 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
29435ETE T. H. Rich, P. A. Vickers-Rich, T. F. Flannery, B. P. Kear, D. J. Cantrill, P. Komarower, L. Kool, D. Pickering, P. Trusler, S. Morton, N. A. Van Klaveren and E. M. G. Fitzgerald. 2009. An Australian multituberculate and its palaeobiogeographic implications. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54(1):1-6 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
83736 T. H. Rich and P. Vickers-Rich. 2020. Dinosaurs of Darkness (second edition) 1-310 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76624 S. W. Salisbury, T. H. V. Rich, P. Vickers-Rich and P. J. Currie. 2011. Australian Cretaceous non-avian theropod dinosaur teeth. CAVEPS Perth 2011,13th Conference on Australasian Vertebrate Evolution Palaeontology and Systematics. Geological Survey of Western Australia Record 2011(9):73 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
79070 J. D. Scanlon. 2006. Dinosaurs and other Mesozoic reptiles of Australasia. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, & M. S. Y. Lee (eds.), Evolution and Biogeography of Australasian Vertebrates 265-290 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63347 D. Seegets-Villiers. 2002. Taphonomic report. Dinosaur Draming: Flat Rocks Field Report 2002 17-20 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63329 N. A. Van Klaveren. 2001. Excavation report. Dinosaur Draming: Flat Rocks Site Report 2001 9-12 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63349 N. A. Van Klaveren. 2002. Excavation report. Dinosaur Draming: Flat Rocks Field Report 2002 9-12 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
81835 N. A. Van Klaveren. 2005. Excavation report. Dinosaur Dreaming 2005 Field Report 5-7 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
82448 H. N. Woodward, T. H. Rich, and P. Vickers-Rich. 2018. The bone microstructure of polar "hypsilophodontid" dinosaurs from Victoria, Australia. Scientific Reports 8(1):1162:1-14 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]