PBDB Collection

Bugin Tsav I [HMNS-GIN]: Maastrichtian, Mongolia
collected by HMNS-GIN 1993-1995, 1998, 2006, 2009, 2018

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Gastropoda

	Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795	Suzuki and Watabe 2000
Bivalvia

	Bivalvia indet. Linnaeus 1758	Suzuki and Watabe 2000
	980729 BgT WTB 11:15, 12:36
unclassified

	Osteichthyes indet. (Huxley 1880)	Suzuki and Watabe 2000
	fish bone-bed, 980801 BgT Fish Bed COY
Reptilia

	Lacertilia indet. (Owen 1842)	Watabe et al. 2010

	Testudinata indet. (Oppel 1811)	Watabe et al. 2010	1 individual
	060812 BgT N. Mt. TSGT
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae

	Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825	Watabe and Suzuki 2000	1 individual
	carapace and postcrania; 940823 BgT WTB
	= Trionyx sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809	Matsumoto et al. 2000

	Trionyx sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809	Watabe et al. 2010	1 individual
	060824 BgT TSI
Reptilia - Testudines - Lindholmemydidae

	Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)	Watabe and Suzuki 2000
	concentration bed of turtle fossils
	= Mongolemys sp. Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1971	Suzuki and Watabe 2000
	mass burials of immature Mongolemys; 980803 BgT Turtles M-1, 2

	Mongolemys sp. Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1971	Watabe and Suzuki 2000	4 individuals
	940822 BgT GK, 980731 BgT ENKH 12:15, 980801 BgT SZK, 980801 BgT NAR
	= Mongolemys elegans Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1971	Cadena et al. 2013
	IGM 90/11, partial skull & lower jaw, complete carapace & plastron, L tibia, L fibula, R humerus, & R femur from a single individual, IGM 90/27 partial articulated shell, IGM 90/30 articulated shell, IGM 90/22–23 2 associated articulated shells, IGM 90/31 nearly complete plastron, IGM 90/51 complete carapace, IGM 90/54 partially preserved carapace, IGM 90/41 complete R hyoplastron; IGM 90/55, partial skull w/most of pterygoid and parietal regions
Reptilia

	Mongolochelys sp. Khosatzky 1997	Watabe and Suzuki 2000	6 individuals
	carapace (1993 expedition); skull (980730 BgT ISGK), 980803 BgT Mongolo. NAR, 980801 BgT WTB, 060823 BgT SZK, 060824 BgT TUI
	= Mongolochelyidae indet. Sukhanov and Pozdnjakov	Suzuki and Narmandakh 2004
	= Mongolochelys efremovi Khosatzky 1997	Suzuki and Tsogtbaatar 2010
	MPC 25/100: shell fragments, R scapula-coracoid proximal, L coracoid proximal; 1993; HMNS 2008-09-74 MPC 25/101: pelvis fragments; 1993; HMNS 94-10-109 MPC 25/102: shell fragments, L ilium, ischium & pubis; 1993; HMNS 94-10-110 MPC 25/103: L lower jaw, carapace fragments, epiplastron, entoplastron (anterior), 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th & 8th cervical vertebrae, R proximal end & L humerus; 1993; HMNS 94-10-112 MPC 25/104: squamosal & supraoccipital, R lower jaw fragment, caudal vertebra, L scapula fragment, L humerus: proximal & distal end, L radius, L ilium, pubis fragments, L femur, L tibia & fibula, phalanges; 1993, HMNS 94-10-113; MPC 25/110: nearly complete skull; 1994; HMNS 94-10-123; MPC 25/111: R half of carapace, partial plastron, several caudal vertebrae, pectoral girdle fragments, R & L humeri, R radius, ulna & manus; 1994; HMNS 94-10-21 MPC 25/112: carapace fragments, 5 caudal vertebrae, R femur, tibia, fibula & pes; 1994; HMNS 94-10-22; MPC 25/126: skull fragment; 1998; HMNS 98-16-481 MPC 25/127: posterior part of skull; 1998 HMNS 98-16-483 MPC 25/128: L peripheral anterior; 1998; HMNS 98-16-484 MPC 25/129: R fibula distal; 1998; HMNS 98-16-485 MPC 25/130: 4th to 6th & 8th cervical, sacral & 15 caudal vertebrae, fragments of humerus & pelvis, L pes; 1998; HMNS 98-16-486 MPC 25/131: 8th cervical, L tibia, fibula, tarsal & metatarsal; 1998; HMNS 98-16-487 MPC 25/132: 6th & 8th cervical, 2 caudals, 3 phalanges; 1998; HMNS 98-16-488 MPC 25/133: skull, epiplastron, L femur & tibia, R fibula; 1998; HMNS 98-16-493 MPC 25/134: carapace & plastron w/o epiplastron, R humerus, L distal ulna; 1998; HMNS 98-16-17

	Crocodylia indet. (Owen 1842)	Watabe et al. 2010

	Pachycephalosauria indet. (Maryańska and Osmólska 1974)	Watabe et al. 2010	1 individual
	= cf. Prenocephale sp. Maryańska and Osmólska 1974	Evans et al. 2018
	MPC-D 100/1207, incomplete frontoparietal dome and fragments of associated braincase bones
Reptilia - Spheroolithidae

	Spheroolithidae indet. Zhao 1979	Suzuki and Watabe 2000
Reptilia - Hadrosauridae

	Saurolophus sp. Brown 1912	Watabe and Suzuki 2000	2 individuals
	large skeletons, including a well-preserved skull; field no. 940822-BgT-ORKH-East, 950619 BgT Saurol. A, B, 950620 BgT Saurol. C, 950620-25 BgT Saurol., 960621 BgT Saurol. D, E, 950622 BgT Saurol. F, 950623 BgT Saurol. G, 950625 BgT Saurol. H, I
Reptilia

	Ankylosauria indet. (Osborn 1923)	Watabe et al. 2010

	Theropoda indet. (Marsh 1881)	Suzuki and Watabe 2000
	many fragments of theropod eggshell was found near the base camp (southwest from it) in the middle horizon; 060824 BgT TSI
Reptilia - Elongatoolithidae

	Elongatoolithidae indet. Zhao 1975	Watabe and Suzuki 2000
	= Oviraptoridae indet. Barsbold 1976	Weishampel et al. 2008
	MPC-D100/1017, 1018, 1019
	= Elongatoolithus sp. Zhao 1975	Simon et al. 2019
	E. elongatus or E. andrewsi
Reptilia - Dromaeosauridae

	Dromaeosauridae indet. Colbert and Russell 1969	Watabe et al. 2010
Reptilia

	Oviraptorosauria indet. Barsbold 1976	Watabe and Suzuki 2000	1 individual
	skeleton without skull; 940824 BgT MAT

	Avimimus sp. Kurzanov 1981	Watabe et al. 2010	1 individual
	060816 BgT KHTB
	= Avimimus portentosus Kurzanov 1981	Tsuihiji et al. 2017
	= MPC-D 100/125
Reptilia - Caenagnathidae

	Elmisaurus rarus Osmolska 1981	Funston et al. 2021
	MPC-D 102/113 - collected as float 12 m from main site

	Nomingia gobiensis n. gen., n. sp. Barsbold et al. 2000	Barsbold et al. 2000	1 individual
	synonym of Elmisaurus rarus
	MPC-D 100/119 - holotype (previously reported as GIN 1001119 and GIN 940824), incomplete postcranial skeleton

	Nomingia mongoliensis	Tsogtbaatar 2004	1 individual
	field no. 940824-BgT-MATS (2 measurements)
	= Nomingia sp. Barsbold et al. 2000	Matsumoto et al. 2010
	synonym of Elmisaurus
Reptilia - Oviraptoridae

	? Oviraptorosauria indet. Barsbold 1976	Suzuki and Watabe 2000	3 individuals
	small-sized; 980803 BgT NAR
	= Oksoko avarsan n. gen., n. sp. Funston et al. 2020	Funston et al. 2020
	= MPC-D 100/110a,b,c
Reptilia - Tyrannosauridae

	Tarbosaurus sp. Maleev 1955	Watabe and Suzuki 2000	6 individuals
	complete skeleton of small individual plus other skeletons and fragments of a large skull; field no. 940824-BgT-TSOGT, 940826 BgT OTGN, 950622 BgT Tarbo. A, 950622-25 BgT Tarbo. PJ1-9, 950624 BgT Tarbo. B, 950626 BgT Tarbo. C, 950817 BgT Tarbo. D-F, 980803 BgT NAR, 060812 BgT N. Mt. TBM, 060816 BgT TUI, 060817 BgT MB
Reptilia - Alvarezsauridae

	Mononykus sp. Perle et al. 1993	Watabe et al. 2010	1 specimen
	060813 BgT KHTB
Reptilia - Deinocheiridae

	Ornithomimidae indet. Marsh 1890	Suzuki and Watabe 2000	1 individual
	articulated skeleton; 060823-4 BgT TSGT
	= Ornithomimosauria indet. Barsbold 1976	Tsogtbaatar and Chinzorig 2010
	= Deinocheirus mirificus Kielan-Jaworowska 1969	Lee et al. 2014
	MPC-D 100/127
Reptilia - Ornithomimidae

	Gallimimus sp. Osmólska et al. 1972	Watabe and Suzuki 2000	5 individuals
	skeleton (pelvic to caudal parts) (1993); Forelimb (1998); field no. 950818-BgT-Gall-I,II, 940824 BgT ENKH, 060823 BgT TUI, 060817 BgT BD
Reptilia - Dendroolithidae

	Dendroolithidae indet. Zhao and Li 1988	Suzuki and Watabe 2000
Reptilia

	Sauropoda indet. Marsh 1878		2 individuals
	Partial skeletons
unclassified

	Plantae indet. Haeckel 1866	Suzuki and Watabe 2000	1 specimen
	"petrified wood", 980729 BgT ISGK
see common names

Geography

Country:	Mongolia	State/province:	Omnogov
Coordinates:	43.9° North, 100.0° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	41.4° North, 89.0° East
Basis of coordinate:	stated in text
Altitude:	982 meters
Geographic resolution:	outcrop

Time

Period:	Cretaceous	Epoch:	Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stage:	Maastrichtian	10 m.y. bin:	Cretaceous 8
Key time interval:	Maastrichtian
Age range of interval:	72.10000 - 66.00000 m.y. ago

Stratigraphy

Formation:	Nemegt
Stratigraphic resolution:	bed

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	current ripples,deformed bedding siltstone
Secondary lithology:	white sandstone
Includes fossils?	Y
Includes fossils?	Y
Lithology description: "upper white sandstone bed"
Environment:	fine channel fill
Geology comments: prograding meandering fluvial point bars Dr. D. E. Fastovsky (sedimentologist) concluded that there had been at least four river sequences in Bugin Tsav. The second river sequence from the bottom had yielded abundant large dinosaur fossils. It became clear that eggshells with embryonic bones found during the 1993 expedition were from the third river sequence and ornithomimid skeleton found in 1995 was from the fourth river sequence.

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body
Size of fossils:	macrofossils,mesofossils
Spatial orientation:	life position
Preservation of anatomical detail:	good
Associated major elements:	all
Fragmentation:	frequent
Feeding/predation traces:	tooth marks
Temporal resolution:	snapshot
Spatial resolution:	autochthonous

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:	general faunal/floral analysis
Collectors:	HMNS-GIN	Collection dates:	1993-1995, 1998, 2006, 2009, 2018

Metadata

Also known as:	Bugin-tsav, northern outcrops of Bugin Tsav; Bügiin Tsav
Database number:	55257
Authorizer:	M. Carrano, R. Benson, P. Mannion, A. Dunhill	Enterer:	M. Carrano, P. Mannion, B. Allen, R. Benson
Modifier:	M. Carrano	Research group:	vertebrate
Created:	2005-10-03 15:02:46	Last modified:	2023-09-26 13:21:13
Access level:	the public	Released:	2005-10-03 15:02:46
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

14738.

ETE

M. Watabe and D. B. Weishampel. 1994. Results of Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences–Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi Desert in 1993. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(3, suppl.):51A [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

76473		Y. Ariunchimeg. 1997. Results of studies of dinosaur eggs. Abstract of Report Meeting, Mongolia-Japan Joint Paleontological Expedition 13 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
14243	ETE	R. Barsbold, H. Osmólska, M. Watabe, P. J. Currie, and K. Tsogtbaatar. 2000. A new oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Mongolia: the first dinosaur with a pygostyle. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45(2):97-106 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
44531		E. A. Cadena, D. T. Ksepka, and M. A. Norell. 2013. New material of Mongolemys elegans Khosatzky and Mlynarski, 1971 (Testudines: Lindholmemydidae), from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia with comments on bone histology and phylogeny. American Museum Novitates 3766:1-28 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
59835		P. J. Currie. 2016. Dinosaurs of the Gobi: Following in the footsteps of the Polish-Mongolian Expeditions. Palaeontologia Polonica 67:83-100 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
86067		D. C. Evans, S. Hayashi, K. Chiba, M. Watabe, M. J. Ryan, Y.-N. Lee, P. J. Currie, K. Tsogtbaatar, and R. Barsbold. 2018. Morphology and histology of new cranial specimens of Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Nemegt Formation, Mongolia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 494:121-134 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76481		D. E. Fastovsky. 1997. Short summary of the geologyof some selected dinosaur-bearing localities in the western Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Abstract of Report Meeting, Mongolia-Japan Joint Paleontological Expedition 6 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
74873		G. F. Funston, T. Chinzorig, K. Tsogtbaatar, Y. Kobayashi, C. Sullivan and P. J. Currie. 2020. A new two-fingered dinosaur sheds light on the radiation of Oviraptorosauria. Royal Society Open Science 7(104643):201184:1-15 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
77378		G. F. Funston, P. J. Currie, M. J. Ryan and Z.-M. Dong. 2019. Birdlike growth and mixed-age flocks in avimimids (Theropoda, Oviraptorosauria). Scientific Reports 9:18816:1-21 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
77364		G. F. Funston, P. J. Currie, C. Tsogtbaatar and T. Khishigjav. 2021. A partial oviraptorosaur skeleton suggests low caenagnathid diversity in the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia. PLoS ONE 16(7):e0254564:1-21 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/M. Carrano]
78297		D. W. E. Hone and M. Watabe. 2010. New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55(4):627-634 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
71125		Y.-N. Lee, R. Barsbold, P. J. Currie, Y. Kobayashi, H.-J. Lee, P. Godefroit, F. Escuillié and T. Chinzorig. 2014. Resolving the long-standing enigmas of a giant ornithomimosaur Deinocheirus mirificus. Nature 515(7526):257-260 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
82301		Y. Matsumoto, R. Hashimoto, and T. Sonoda. 2000. Report of preparation works for Mongolian specimens in HMNS from March 1994 to December 1998. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:113-127 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
82304		Y. Matsumoto, R. Hashimoto, T. Sonoda, Y. Fujiyama, B. Mifune, Y. Kawahara, and M. Saneyoshi. 2010. Report of the preparation works for Mongolian specimens in Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences: 1999–2008. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:167-185 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
70244		D. J. Simon, D. J. Varricchio, Z. Jin and S. F. Robison. 2019. Microstructural overlap of Macroelongatoolithus eggs from Asia and North America expands the occurrence of colossal oviraptorosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38(6):e1553046:1-16 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
41670		S. Suzuki and P. Narmandakh. 2004. Change of the Cretaceous turtle faunas in Mongolia. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 2:7-14 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
44038		S. Suzuki and C. Tsogtbaatar. 2010. A catalog of Mongolochelys collected by the HMNS-MPC Joint Paleontological Expedition. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:119-131 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
42292		S. Suzuki and M. Watabe. 2000. Report on the Japan-Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1995. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:45-57 [R. Benson/R. Benson/M. Carrano]
42293		S. Suzuki and M. Watabe. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1998. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:83-98 [R. Benson/R. Benson/M. Carrano]
35934	ETE	K. Tsogtbaatar. 2004. Fossil specimens prepared in Mongolian Paleontological Center 1993-2001. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 2:123-128 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
80572		K. Tsogtbaatar and T. Chinzorig. 2007. Mongolian hadrosaurids: paleobiogeography, dispersal and environmental relationships. The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research 21(2):49-53 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
80151		K. Tsogtbaatar and T. Chinzorig. 2010. Fossil specimens prepared in Mongolian Paleontological Center: 2002–2008. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:155-166 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
70806		T. Tsuihiji, L. M. Witmer, M. Watabe, R. Barsbold, K. Tsogtbaatar, S. Suzuki, and P. Khatanbaatar. 2017. New information on the cranial morphology of Avimimus (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37(4):e1347177:1-12 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
81066		M. Watabe, T. Sonoda, and K. Tsogtbaatar. 2004. The Monolith—a method for excavation of large-sized dinosaur skeletons. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 2:29-43 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
42154		M. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Cretaceous fossil localities and a list of fossils collected by the Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences and Mongolian Paleontological Center Joint Paleontological Expedition (JMJPE) from 1993 through 1998. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:99-108 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
42289		M. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1993. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:17-29 [R. Benson/R. Benson/M. Carrano]
55060		M. Watabe, S. Suzuki, K. Tsogtbaatar, T. Tsubamoto, and M. Saneyoshi. 2010. Report of the HMNS-MPC Joint Paleontological Expedition in 2006. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:11-18 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
55298		M. Watabe, K. Tsogtbaatar, S. Suzuki and M. Saneyoshi. 2010. Geology of dinosaur-fossil-bearing localities (Jurassic and Cretaceous: Mesozoic) in the Gobi Desert: Results of the HMNS-MPC Joint Paleontological Expedition. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 3:41-118 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
42291		W. Watabe and S. Suzuki. 2000. Report on the Japan–Mongolia Joint Paleontological Expedition to the Gobi desert, 1994. Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences Research Bulletin 1:30-44 [R. Benson/R. Benson/M. Carrano]
82735		D. B. Weishampel, D. E. Fastovsky, M. Watabe, R. Barsbold, and Kh Tsogtbaatar. 2000. New embryonic and hatchling dinosaur remains from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(3 (suppl.)):78A [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
29923	ETE	D. B. Weishampel, D. E. Fastovsky, M. Watabe, D. J. Varricchio, F. D. Jackson, K. Tsogtbaatar, and R. Barsbold. 2008. New oviraptorid embryos from Bugin-Tsav, Nemegt Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Mongolia, with insights into their habitat and growth. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(4):1110-1119 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]