Phoebus Landing (Tar Heel): Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian, North Carolina
collected by Berry & Stephenson 1905, 1907
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Osteichthyes
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Osteichthyes indet.
Huxley 1880
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
Actinopteri
- Pycnodontiformes
- Pycnodontidae
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Anomoeodus sp.
Forir 1887
|
Robb 1989 | 3 elements | ||||||||
NJSM 14731; FHKSCM 13019-2 | ||||||||||
= Pycnodus phaseolus
Hay 1899
|
Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
recombined as Anomoeodus phaseolus | ||||||||||
? Bottosaurus sp.
Agassiz 1849
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Miller 1968 | 1 element | ||||||||
FHKSCM 13017-2 | ||||||||||
= Pycnodus phaseolus
Hay 1899
|
Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
recombined as Anomoeodus phaseolus | ||||||||||
? Gyrodus sp.
Agassiz 1833
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Miller 1968 | 1 element | ||||||||
FHKSCM 13018 | ||||||||||
= Pycnodus phaseolus
Hay 1899
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
recombined as Anomoeodus phaseolus | ||||||||||
Actinopteri
- Aulopiformes
- Enchodontidae
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Enchodus cf. petrosus
Cope 1874
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
NJSM 14148 | ||||||||||
Actinopteri
- Tetraodontiformes
- Eotrigonodontidae
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Stephanodus sp.
Zittel 1883
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
USNM 421730; NJSM 14033 | ||||||||||
Actinopteri
- Ichthyodectiformes
- Ichthyodectidae
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Polygonodon rectus
Leidy 1858
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Miller 1966 | |||||||||
synonym of Xiphactinus vetus | ||||||||||
ANSP 15324 | ||||||||||
Xiphactinus audax
(Leidy 1870)
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
NJSM 14144, 14176 | ||||||||||
Actinopteri
- Ichthyodectiformes
- Saurodontidae
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Saurodon sp.
Hays 1829
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Robb 1989 | 1 element | ||||||||
USNM 392103 | ||||||||||
Actinopteri
- Elopiformes
- Phyllodontidae
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Phyllodus sp.
Agassiz 1839
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Miller 1966 | 3 elements | ||||||||
ANSP 15312; NJSM 14264 | ||||||||||
= ? Egertonia sp.
Cocchi 1866
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Miller 1967 | |||||||||
= Pycnodus phaseolus
Hay 1899
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
= Paralbula casei
Estes 1969
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
Actinopteri
- Albuliformes
- Albulidae
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Albula sp.
Gronow 1763
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
NJSM 14613 | ||||||||||
Actinopteri
- Lepisosteiformes
- Lepisosteidae
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Lepisosteidae indet.
Cuvier 1825
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
USNM 421720, 421717; NJSM 14024, 14271, 14025 | ||||||||||
Reptilia
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Coelurosauria indet.
Huene 1914
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Miller 1966 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
ANSP 15327 | ||||||||||
= Theropoda indet.
Marsh 1881
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Miller 1967 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Tyrannosauridae
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Aublysodon sp.
Leidy 1868
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Miller 1966 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
ANSP 15303, 15331, USNM 7199 | ||||||||||
= ? Gorgosaurus sp.
Lambe 1914
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Miller 1967 | |||||||||
= Tyrannosauridae indet.
Osborn 1906
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
cf. Dryptosaurus or Albertosaurus | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Ornithomimidae
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? Ornithomimus sp.
Marsh 1890
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Miller 1966 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
ANSP 15319 | ||||||||||
= cf. Ornithomimus sp.
Marsh 1890
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Hadrosauridae
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Hadrosauridae indet.
Cope 1869
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Lull and Wright 1942 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
USNM 5963 | ||||||||||
Hypsibema crassicauda
Cope 1869
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Stephenson 1912 | 4 specimens | ||||||||
nomen dubium belonging to Hadrosauridae | ||||||||||
ANSP 15307, 15322, 15329; USNM 6136 | ||||||||||
Hadrosaurus ? minor
Marsh 1870
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Lull and Wright 1942 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
nomen dubium belonging to Hadrosauridae | ||||||||||
USNM 7096 | ||||||||||
Trachodon ? tripos
(Cope 1869)
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Stephenson 1912 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
USNM 7093, 7094 | ||||||||||
= Hadrosaurus tripos
Cope 1869
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Lull and Wright 1942 | |||||||||
= ? Hadrosaurus sp.
Leidy 1858
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Miller 1967 | |||||||||
ANSP 15306 | ||||||||||
= Hadrosaurinae indet.
Lambe 1918
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
Reptilia
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Crocodilidae indet.
(Cuvier 1807)
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Miller 1966 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
ANSP 15317 | ||||||||||
= Leidyosuchus cf. formidabilis
Erickson 1976
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
recombined as Borealosuchus formidabilis | ||||||||||
? Leidyosuchus sp.
Lambe 1907
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Miller 1966 | 8 specimens | ||||||||
ANSP 15318 | ||||||||||
= Leidyosuchus cf. formidabilis
Erickson 1976
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
recombined as Borealosuchus formidabilis | ||||||||||
Thecachampsa rugosa
(Emmons 1858)
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Stephenson 1912 | |||||||||
original and current combination Polyptchodon rugosus | ||||||||||
Polydectes biturgidus
Cope 1869
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Stephenson 1912 | |||||||||
synonym of Polyptchodon rugosus | ||||||||||
Reptilia
- Teratosauridae
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? Zatomus sp.
Cope 1871
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Stephenson 1912 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Mosasauridae
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? Tylosaurus sp.
Marsh 1872
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Miller 1966 | |||||||||
USNM 3889 | ||||||||||
? Platecarpus sp.
Cope 1869
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Miller 1966 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
ANSP 15316 | ||||||||||
= Mosasauridae indet.
Gervais 1852
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Miller 1967 | |||||||||
= Platecarpus sp.
Cope 1869
|
Robb 1989 | |||||||||
Macrosaurus impar
(Leidy 1856)
|
Miller 1966 | |||||||||
= Prognathodon sp.
Dollo 1889
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
Halisaurus sp.
Marsh 1869
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Trionychidae
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Trionyx sp.
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
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Miller 1966 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
ANSP 15321 | ||||||||||
= Trionychidae indet.
Gray 1825
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Alroy 2009 | |||||||||
Amyda sp.
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
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Stephenson 1912 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
- Adocidae
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Adocus sp.
Cope 1868
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
Reptilia
- Testudines
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Trionyx halophilus
Cope 1869
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Miller 1967 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
nomen dubium belonging to Pantrionychidae | ||||||||||
ANSP 15305 | ||||||||||
Chedighaii barberi
(Schmidt 1940)
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Gaffney et al. 2006 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
NCSM 12766, otic chamber | ||||||||||
= Bothremydina indet.
Gaffney et al. 2006
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Gaffney et al. 2009 | |||||||||
& NCSM 14227, right otic chamber | ||||||||||
Bothremys sp.
Leidy 1865
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Gaffney et al. 2009 | |||||||||
NCSM 14499, lower jaw | ||||||||||
Bothremys cooki
(Leidy 1865)
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Gaffney et al. 2009 | |||||||||
Chedighaii sp.
Gaffney et al. 2006
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Gaffney et al. 2009 | |||||||||
NCSM 23681, maxilla & jugal | ||||||||||
Chedighaii hutchisoni n. sp.
Gaffney et al. 2006
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Gaffney et al. 2009 | 1 individual | ||||||||
KUVP 14765, skull | ||||||||||
? Baena sp.
Leidy 1870
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Miller 1966 | |||||||||
= Bothremys barberi
Schmidt 1940
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
recombined as Chedighaii barberi | ||||||||||
Taphrosphys dares n. sp.
Hay 1908
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Miller 1966 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
nomen dubium belonging to Pelomedusoides | ||||||||||
ANSP 15304; first reported by Hay (1908) with unknown locality data | ||||||||||
Acipenseriformes
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Cylindracanthus ornatus
Leidy 1856
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Chimaeriformes
- Callorhynchidae
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Ischyodus cf. bifurcatus
Case 1978
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
NJSM 14262, 14177, 14040 | ||||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Myliobatiformes
- Rhombodontidae
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Rhombodus levis
(Cappetta and Case 1975)
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Robb 1989 | 1 element | ||||||||
NJSM 14261 | ||||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Myliobatiformes
- Dasyatidae
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Dasyatidae indet.
Jordan 1888
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Miller 1968 | 2 elements | ||||||||
FHKSCM 13023-2 | ||||||||||
Hypolophus ? sp.
Muller and Henle 1837
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Miller 1968 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Myliobatiformes
- Myliobatidae
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Brachyrhizodus witchitaensis
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
USNM 421718; NJSM 14010 | ||||||||||
? Protamia sp.
(Leidy 1873)
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Miller 1968 | 10 elements | ||||||||
FHKSCM 13025, 13024-9 | ||||||||||
= Brachyrhizodus wichitaensis
Romer 1942
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Rajiformes
- Sclerorhynchidae
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Ischyrhiza mira
Leidy 1856
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Miller 1966 | 8 elements | ||||||||
USNM 421726; NJSM 14011, 14167, 14263, 14265, 14608; ANSP 15311 | ||||||||||
? Hypolophus sp.
Muller and Henle 1837
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Miller 1968 | 3 elements | ||||||||
FHKSCM 13015-3 | ||||||||||
= Ischyrhiza mira
Leidy 1856
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Squatinidae
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Squatina hassei
Leriche 1929
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
USNM 421729; NJSM 14614 | ||||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Mitsukurinidae
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Scapanorhynchus texanus
(Roemer 1852)
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Robb 1989 | |||||||||
USNM 421722-421724; NJSM 14006, 14008, 14273, 14279 | ||||||||||
? Carcharias sp.
Rafinesque 1810
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Miller 1966 | |||||||||
ANSP 15313, several hundred specimens | ||||||||||
= Scapanorhynchus texanus
Roemer 1852
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
Isurus sp.
Rafinesque 1810
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Miller 1966 | |||||||||
ANSP 15315, several hundred specimens | ||||||||||
= Scapanorhynchus texanus
Roemer 1852
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Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Carchariidae
|
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Synodontaspis holmdelensis
(Cappetta and Case 1975)
|
Robb 1989 | |||||||||
recombined as Carcharias holmdelensis | ||||||||||
NJSM 14610 | ||||||||||
Odontaspis samhammeri
Cappetta and Case 1975
|
Robb 1989 | |||||||||
recombined as Carcharias samhammeri | ||||||||||
USNM 421719; NJSM 14143 | ||||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Lamniformes
- Anacoracidae
|
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Squalicorax kaupi
(Agassiz 1843)
|
Robb 1989 | |||||||||
USNM 421721; NJSM 14007, 14009, 14275 | ||||||||||
Squalicorax cf. pristodontus
(Agassiz 1835)
|
Miller 1966 | 34 elements | ||||||||
ANSP 15314 | ||||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Hybodontiformes
- Acrodontidae
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Asteracanthus sp.
Agassiz 1836
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Miller 1968 | 1 element | ||||||||
FHKSCM 13021 | ||||||||||
? Edaphodon sp.
Buckland 1838
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Miller 1968 | 1 element | ||||||||
FHKSCM 13022 | ||||||||||
= Asteracanthus sp.
Agassiz 1836
|
Baird and Horner 1979 | |||||||||
Chondrichthyes
- Hybodontiformes
- Hybodontidae
|
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Hybodus sp.
Agassiz 1834
|
Robb 1989 | |||||||||
USNM 421725; NJSM 14618, 14612 | ||||||||||
Hybodus montanensis
Case 1978
|
Robb 1989 | |||||||||
recombined as Meristodonoides montanensis | ||||||||||
NJSM 14174, 14611 | ||||||||||
Gastropoda
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Gastropoda indet.
Cuvier 1795
|
Robb 1989 | |||||||||
Bivalvia
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Pelecypoda indet.
Goldfuss 1820
|
Robb 1989 | |||||||||
synonym of Bivalvia | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | United States | State/province: | North Carolina | County: | Bladen |
Coordinates: | 34.6° North, 78.5° West (view map) | ||||
Paleocoordinates: | 35.0° North, 50.2° West | ||||
Basis of coordinate: | estimated from map | ||||
Altitude: | 33 meters | ||||
Geographic resolution: | small collection |
Time
Period: | Cretaceous | Epoch: | Late/Upper Cretaceous |
Stage: | Campanian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cretaceous 7 |
Key time interval: | Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | ||
Age range of interval: | 83.60000 - 72.10000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Geological group: | Black Creek | Formation: | Tar Heel | ||
Stratigraphic resolution: | bed | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: uppermost part of the formation and within the Exogyra ponderosa zone
Recent pollen analysis (Self-Trail et al., 2004) determined that the vertebrate fauna from the Tar Heel Formation at Phoebus Landing is from the upper part of the early Campanian. |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | planar lamination argillaceous,sandy siltstone |
Secondary lithology: | lenticular sandstone |
Includes fossils? | Y |
Lithology description: "channel fill primarily composed of clayey sitls, clay concretions, coarse sands, and pebbles"; "The bone bearing bed at Phoebus Landing consists of an unconsolidated sand lens...The sand bed overlies and is downcut into a shale bed of the Black Creek Formation...The channel sand is overlain by a consolidated sandstone bed six inches thick...The channel sand contains mud blebs which are large fragments of shale reworked from the underlying shale bed." | |
Environment: | transition zone/lower shoreface |
Geology comments: Varied depositional circumstances including an "onlap condition with in an encroachment of ocean onto a gently sloping coastal plain" and "nearshore, freshwater and tidal brackish-water streamthat flowed across the marine shale after a slight regression of the sea" |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Preservation of anatomical detail: | variable |
Abundance in sediment: | abundant |
Disassociated major elements: | many |
Disassociated minor elements: | many |
Size sorting: | poor |
Fragmentation: | occasional |
Spatial resolution: | parautochthonous |
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes: | ichnofossils | ||
Collection methods: | selective quarrying,surface (float),surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection,survey of museum collection | ||
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis | ||
Museum repositories: | AMNH,USNM | ||
Collectors: | Berry & Stephenson | Collection dates: | 1905, 1907 |
Collection method comments: Also North Carolina State Museum of Natural History (NCSM) |
Metadata
Also known as: | L&W locality 4, milepost 68, Cape Fear | ||
Database number: | 57918 | ||
Authorizer: | M. Carrano, R. Benson, M. Uhen, J. Alroy | Enterer: | K. Maguire, R. Benson, M. Carrano, J. Alroy, M. Uhen |
Modifier: | M. Carrano | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 2006-01-06 13:30:29 | Last modified: | 2023-06-15 09:04:02 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2006-01-06 13:30:29 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
14442. | ETE | O. P. Hay. 1908. The fossil turtles of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 75:1-568 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |
Secondary references:
29343 | J. Alroy. 2009. High-handed opinions on taxonomy and other matters. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
23842 | D. Baird and J. R. Horner. 1979. Cretaceous dinosaurs of North Carolina. Brimleyana 2:1-28 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
77786 | C. D. Crane. 2011. Vertebrate Paleontology and Taphonomy of the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Bladen Formation, Bladen County, North Carolina. 1-208 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Uhen] | |
41941 | E. S. Gaffney, G. E. Hooks III, and V. P. Schneider. 2009. New material of North American side-necked turtles (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae). American Museum Novitates 3655:1-26 [R. Benson/R. Benson] | |
27976 | E. S. Gaffney, H. Tong, and P. A. Meylan. 2006. Evolution of the side-necked turtles: The families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 300:1-318 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
12319 | ETE | R. S. Lull and N. E. Wright. 1942. Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 40:1-242 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |
35425 | H. W. Miller. 1966. Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from Phoebus Landing, North Carolina. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 82(2):93 [M. Carrano/H. Street] | |
23845 | ETE | H. W. Miller. 1967. Cretaceous vertebrates from Phoebus Landing, North Carolina. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 119:219-235 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |
48093 | H. W. Miller. 1968. Additions to the Upper Cretaceous vertebrate fauna of Phoebus Landing, North Carolina. The Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 84:467-471 [M. Uhen/A. Bee/A. Bee] | |
23846 | ETE | H. W. Miller, Jr. 1968. Additions to the Upper Cretaceous vertebrate fauna of Phoebus Landing, North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 84(4):467-471 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |
15576 | ETE | A. J. Robb. 1989. The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian, Black Creek Formation) fossil fish fauna of Phoebus Landing, Bladen County, North Carolina. The Mosasaur 4:75-92 [M. Carrano/K. Maguire/M. Carrano] |
64076 | L. W. Stephenson. 1912. The Cretaceous formations. North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey 3:73-171 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] | |
85047 | D. B. Weishampel and L. Young. 1996. Dinosaurs of the East Coast xiii-275 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] |