Changma, Yumen: Aptian, China

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia
Enantiornithes indet. Walker 1981
You et al. 2005 1 individual
CAGS-IG-01-0901
Euenantiornithes indet. Chiappe 2002
Brinkman et al. 2013 1 individual
CAGSely complete hind limbs; possible feather impressions adjacent to putative L femur)
Dunhuangia cuii n. gen., n. sp. Wang et al. 2015
Wang et al. 2015 1 individual
GSGM-05-CM-030, partial skeleton preserving pectoral girdle, sternum & thoracic limbs
Feitianius paradisi n. gen., n. sp. O'Connor et al. 2016
O'Connor et al. 2016 1 individual
GSGM-05-CM-004, incomplete but artic. caudal half of skeleton incl. carbonized vestiges of caudal body coverts, rectrices, & keratinous pedal ungual sheaths
Avimaia schweitzerae n. gen., n. sp. Bailleul et al. 2019
Bailleul et al. 2019 1 individual
CAGS-IG-04-CM-007
Qiliania graffini n. gen., n. sp. Ji et al. 2011
Ji et al. 2011 2 individuals
FRDC-04-CM-006, FRDC-05-CM-006
Gansus yumenensis n. gen., n. sp. Hou and Liu 1984
9 individuals
IVPP V6862, V15074, 15076, 15079-15081, 15083, 15084; ANSP 23403
Ornithuromorpha indet. Chiappe et al. 1999
You et al. 2010 1 individual
FRDC-05-CM-021, associated sternum, furcula, sternal ribs, poss. thoracic rib frags
    = Jiuquanornis niui n. gen., n. sp. Wang et al. 2013
Wang et al. 2013
Changmaornis houi n. gen., n. sp. Wang et al. 2013
Wang et al. 2013 1 individual
GSGM-08-CM-002, 2 thoracic vertebrae, 1 thoracic rib, partial synsacrum, 1 nearly complete R ischium & pubis, R distal tibiotarsus, & complete, artic. R foot
Yumenornis huangi n. gen., n. sp. Wang et al. 2013
Wang et al. 2013 1 individual
GSGM-06-CM-013, partial sternum, complete R coracoid & scapula, partial furcula, & complete, artic. R forelimb
Reptilia - Testudines
Testudines indet. Batsch 1788
You et al. 2005
Changmachelys bohlini n. gen., n. sp. Brinkman et al. 2013
Brinkman et al. 2013 4 individuals
CAGS IG-02-0902 (holotype); GSGM 05-CM-016; GSGM 07-CM-017; GSGM 05-CM-015
Bivalvia - Trigoniida - Nakamuranaiadidae
Nakamuranaia chingshanensis
You et al. 2005
Ostracoda - Podocopida - Cyprididae
Cypridea sp. Bosquet 1852
You et al. 2005
see common names

Geography
Country:China State/province:Gansu
Coordinates: 39.9° North, 96.8° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:39.1° North, 97.5° East
Basis of coordinate:estimated from map
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Early/Lower Cretaceous
Stage:Aptian 10 m.y. bin:Cretaceous 3
Key time interval:Aptian
Age range of interval:121.40000 - 113.00000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Xinminbao Formation:Xiagou
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: lower part of formation ("third layer")
"Xiagou Formation, the lower unit of the Xinminpu Group (Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Gansu Province 1989, 1997; Tang et al. 2001)...The age of the Xiagou Formation has been interpreted as Aptian on the basis of studies of stable carbon isotope chemostratigraphy (Suarez et al. 2008)" (Brinkman et al. 2013)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:yellow mudstone
Secondary lithology:brown,yellow "shale"
Includes fossils?Y
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "yellowish mudstones"; "laminated browish-yellow shales" (You et al. 2010) "finely laminated brownish−yellow mudstones and siltstones deposited in a lacustrine setting" (Brinkman et al. 2013)
Environment:lacustrine indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,adpression,soft parts,original phosphate
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Articulated whole bodies:some
Associated major elements:some
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (in situ),field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:ANSP,IVPP
Collection method comments: Two episodes of collecting, including Ma, Liu, Huang & Niu (1980), and more recent Sino-Canadian Project.
Metadata
Database number:62293
Authorizer:M. Uhen, M. Carrano, R. Benson, P. Mannion Enterer:M. Uhen, J. Tennant, M. Carrano, P. Mannion, M. Oreska, R. Benson
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2006-07-17 10:26:10 Last modified:2022-02-01 14:21:34
Access level:the public Released:2006-07-17 10:26:10
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
41009. L. Hou and Z. Liu. 1984. A new fossil bird from Lower Cretaceous of Gansu and early evolution of birds. Scientia Sinica, series B 27(12):1296-1301 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

79436 A. M. Bailleul, J. O'Connor, S. Zhang, Z. Li, Q. Wang, M. C. Lamanna, X. Zhu and Z. Zhou. 2019. An Early Cretaceous enantiornithine (Aves) preserving an unlaid egg and probable medullary bone. Nature Communications 10(1):1275:1-10 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
45014 D. B. Brinkman, C. -X. Yuan, Q. Ji, D. Ji, and H. You. 2013. A new turtle from the Xiagou Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Changma Basin, Gansu Province, P. R. China. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments [R. Benson/R. Benson]
36365ETE S.-A. Ji, J. Atterholt, J. K. O'Connor, M. C. Lamanna, J. D. Harris, D.-Q. Li, H.-L. You and P. Dodson. 2011. A new, three-dimensionally preserved enantiornithine bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from Gansu Province, north-western China. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162:201-219 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
38142 M. C. Lamanna, H.-L. You, J. D. Harris, L. M. Chiappe, and S.-A. Jia, J.-C., and Q. Ji. 2006. A partial skeleton of an enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51(3):423-434 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/M. Uhen]
41504 Y. Li, Y.-G. Zhang, Z.-H. Zhou, Z.-H. Li, D. Liu and X.-L. Wang. 2011. [New materials of Gansus and a discussion on its habit]. 49(4):435-445 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
50509 A. E. Moyer, W. Zheng, E. A. Johnson, M. C. Lamanna, D.-q. Li, K. J. Lacovara, and M. H. Schweitzer. 2014. Melanosomes or microbes: testing an alternative hypothesis for the origin of microbodies in fossil feathers. Scientific Reports 4(4233):1-9 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
60139 J. K. O'Connor, D.-Q. Li, M. C. Lamanna, M. Wang, J. D. Harris, J. Atterholt, and H.-L. You. 2016. A new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine (Aves, Ornithothoraces) from northwestern China with elaborate tail ornamentation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(1):e1054035:1-13 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
54526 M. Wang, D. Li, J. K. O'Connor, Z. Zhou, and H. You. 2015. Second species of enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous Changma Basin, northwestern China with implications for the taxonomic diversity of the Changma avifauna. Cretaceous Research 55:56-65 [P. Mannion/J. Tennant]
48528 Y.-M. Wang, J. O'Connor, D.-Q. Li and H.-L. You. 2013. Previously unrecognised ornithuromorph bird diversity in the Early Cretaceous Changma Basin, Gansu Province, northwestern China. PLoS ONE 8(10):e77693 [P. Mannion/J. Tennant]
18001 H. You, M. C. Lamanna, J. D. Harris, L. M. Chiappe, J. O'Connor, S. Ji, C. Yuan, D. Li, X. Zhang, K. J. Lacovara, P. Dodson and Q. Ji. 2006. A nearly modern amphibious bird from the early Cretaceous of northwestern China. Science 312:1640-1643 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
28195ETE H. You, J. O'Connor, L. M. Chiappe and Q. Ji. 2005. A new fossil bird from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, northwestern China. Historical Biology 17:7-14 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
35016ETE H.-l. You, J. Atterholt, J. K. O'Connor, J. D. Harris, M. C. Lamanna and D.-q. Li. 2010. A second Cretaceous ornithuromorph bird from the Changma Basin, Gansu Province, northwestern China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55(4):617-625 [M. Carrano/M. Oreska]