PBDB Collection

Penghu Channel: Late/Upper Pleistocene, Taiwan

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Reptilia

	Alligator sinensis Fauvel 1879	Shan et al. 2013
	NMNS006394-F051722 (nearly complete skull occluded with the mandible)
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae

	Trionyx liupani n. sp. Tao 1986	Tao 1986
	synonym of Rafetus swinhoei
	Private collection in Tainan, Taiwan (syntype), a nearly complete cranium (Tao 1986, text figs. 1, 3, 5, 7 and figs. 2, 4, 6, 9); private collection in Chia-Yi, Taiwan (syntype), a hyohypoplastron (Tao 1986, text fig. 9 and figs. 8, 10–12).
Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae

	Palaeoloxodon sp. Matsumoto 1924
	synonym of Elephas
	originally entered as "Paleoloxodon sp."

	Palaeoloxodon naumanni Makiyama 1924	Tsai et al. 2012
Mammalia - Carnivora - Ursidae

	Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae

	Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray 1834)
Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae

	Crocuta ultima
Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae

	Panthera tigris (Linnaeus 1758)
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

	Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Mammalia - Cetacea - Delphinidae

	Globicephala macrorhynchus (Gray 1846)		1 individual
Mammalia - Cetacea - Balaenidae

	Balaenidae indet. (Gray 1821)	Tsai et al. 2012	2 specimens
	original and current combination Balanadae

	Eubalaena sp. Gray 1864	Tsai and Chang 2019
	NTUM-VP 190807
Mammalia - Cetacea - Balaenopteridae

	Balaenopteridae indet. Gray 1864	Chang and Cheng 1998

	Megaptera novaeangliae (Brisson 1762)	Chang and Cheng 1998	1 specimen
Mammalia - Cetacea - Eschrichtiidae

	Eschrichtiidae indet. Ellerman and Morrisson-Scott 1951	Tsai et al. 2011	2 specimens
	= Eschrichtius sp. Gray 1864	Tsai et al. 2014
	original and current combination Megaptera (Eschrichtius)
Mammalia - Cervidae

	Cervus sp. Linnaeus 1758

	Elaphurus menzierianus	Tsai et al. 2012

	Elaphurus davidianus Milne Edwards 1866
Mammalia - Bovidae

	Bubalus youngi Chow and Hsu 1957

	Bubalus teilhardi Young 1932
see common names

Geography

Country:	Taiwan
Coordinates:	23.0° North, 120.0° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	23.0° North, 120.0° East
Basis of coordinate:	stated in text
Altitude:	-60
Geographic resolution:	local area

Time

Period:	Quaternary	Epoch:	Pleistocene
Stage:	Late/Upper Pleistocene	10 m.y. bin:	Cenozoic 6
Key time interval:	Late/Upper Pleistocene
Age range of interval:	0.12900 - 0.01170 m.y. ago

Stratigraphy

Stratigraphic resolution:	group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: Shan et al. 2013: Huang and Yu (2003) considered the Penghu Channel as a scour furrow formed by modern northward tidal currents, but the possibility of Penghu Channel being a river valley during the late Pleistocene could not be ruled out.

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	not reported
Environment:	marginal marine indet.

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body
Size of fossils:	macrofossils

Collection methods and comments

Reason for describing collection:	general faunal/floral analysis
Collection method comments: dredged from the sea floor by fishermen Shan et al. 2013: The fossil material is a nearly complete skull occluded with the mandible (Fig. 2). It was collected from the Penghu Channel by fishermen when they were trawling and deposited in the National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan (NMNS006394-F051722).

Metadata

Also known as:	Between Penghu Island and Taiwan
Database number:	73686
Authorizer:	M. Uhen, E. Vlachos, P. Mannion	Enterer:	M. Uhen, P. Mannion, E. Vlachos
Modifier:	G. Varnham	Research group:	vertebrate
Created:	2007-06-25 12:07:20	Last modified:	2022-01-18 06:55:14
Access level:	the public	Released:	2007-06-25 12:07:20
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

24700.

C.-H. Chang. 1996. The first fossil record of a short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) from the Penghu Channel. Bulletin of the National Museum of Science (Taichung) 8:73-80 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]

Secondary references:

49904		C. H. Chang and Y. N. Cheng. 1998. Extraordinary fossil records of Cetacea from Pleistocene in Taiwan. In H. Otsuka and K. D. Rigakubu (eds.), The Ryukyu Islands: The arena of adaptive radiation and extinction of island fauna. Kagoshima University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences 85 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
50143		H.-Y. Shan, Y.-N. Cheng, and X.-C. Wu. 2013. The first fossil skull of Alligator sinensis from the Pleistocene, Taiwan, with a paleogeographic implication of the species. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 69:17-25 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
64300		H. Tao. 1986. Report of a new fossil soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx liupani from Taiwan, with comparative study to the living species, Trionyx sinensis(Wiegmann). Journal of the Taiwan Museum 39:21-41 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]
49853		C. H. Tsai, C. H. Chang, and L. K. Lin. 2011. Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of gray whale-‐like fossils from Taiwan. Chinese Bioscience 53:41 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
49854		C. H. Tsai, C. H. Chang, and L. K. Lin. 2012. Occurrence of fossil balaenids in Taiwan and its implications for climate change. Chinese Bioscience 54:60 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
49844		C. H. Tsai, R. E. Fordyce, C. H. Chang and L. K. Lin. 2013. A Review and Status of Fossil Cetacean Research in Taiwan. Taiwan Journal of Biodiversity 15(2):113-124 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
71318		C.-H. Tsai and C.-H. Chang. 2019. A right whale (Mysticeti, Balaenidae) from the Pleistocene of Taiwan. Zoological Letters 5(37) [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
50861		C.-H. Tsai, R. E. Fordyce, C.-H. Chang and L.-K. Lin. 2014. Quaternary fossil gray whales from Taiwan. Paleontological Research 18(2):82-93 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]