Gaj beds - Near Karachi: Early/Lower Miocene, Pakistan
collected by Vredenburg

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae
Cardium (Discors) triforme (Sowerby 1840)
Vredenburg 1928
recombined as Discors triforme
Bivalvia - Pectinida - Pectinidae
Pecten (Aequipecten) scabrellus (Lamarck 1819)
Vredenburg 1928
recombined as Chlamys scabrellus
Pecten (Chlamys) articulatus (Sowerby 1840)
Vredenburg 1928
Pecten (Chlamys) senatorius (Gmelin 1791)
Vredenburg 1928
recombined as Mimachlamys senatoria
SUBSPECIES: Pecten (Chlamys) senatorius soomrowensis
Pecten (Chlamys) feddeni Vredenburg 1928
Vredenburg 1928
recombined as Chlamys feddeni
Pecten (Amussiopecten) subcorneus (d'Archaic and Haime 1854)
Vredenburg 1928
recombined as Amussium subcorneum
Gastropoda - Cassidae
Cassidaria desori d'Archiac and Haime 1854
Gastropoda - Ranellidae
Ranella (Biplex) bufo (Bruguiére 1792)
    = Gyrineum biturberculare
Harzhauser et al. 2009
Ranella (Apollon) morrisi (d'Archiac 1854)
recombined as Apollon morrisi
Gastropoda - Cypraeidae
Cypraea prunum Sowerby 1839
recombined as Callistocypraea (Miolyncina) prunum
SUBSPECIES: Cypraea prunum nasuta
Cypraea (Bernayia) humerosa (Sowerby 1839)
recombined as Barycypraea humerosa
Gastropoda - Strombidae
Strombus sedanensis Martin 1899
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Volutidae
Athleta (Volutospina) dentata (Sowerby 1839)
SUBSPECIES: Athleta (Volutospina) dentata sykesi
Lyria jugosa (Sowerby 1839)
recombined as Lyria (Harpeola) jugosa
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Muricopsis exhexagonus Vredenburg 1925
Murex (Acupurpura) verbeeki (Martin 1895)
Murex (Haustellum) tchihatcheffi (d'Archiac and Haime 1854)
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Borsoniidae
Surcula tuberculata (Gray 1839)
recombined as Asthenotoma tuberculata
SUBSPECIES: Surcula tuberculata voyseyi
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Mitridae
Mitra (Cancilla) rembangensis (Martin 1906)
recombined as Cancilla rembangensis
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Olivellidae
Olivancillaria (Agaronia) nebulosa (Lamarck 1822)
    = Agaronia pupa Sowerby 1840
Harzhauser et al. 2009
Gastropoda - Perissityidae
Hindsia granosa (Sowerby 1840)
Tritonidea (Cantharus) bucklandi (d'Archiac 1850)
recombined as Cantharus bucklandi
Nassa (Telasco) falconeri (d'Archiac and Haime 1850)
Metula martini Vredenburg 1925
Nassa (Hima) vicaryi (d'Archiac 1850)
Cephalopoda - Nautilida - Aturiidae
Aturia aturi (Basterot 1825)
see common names

Geography
Country:Pakistan
Coordinates: 24.9° North, 67.1° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:19.2° North, 66.4° East
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period:Neogene Epoch:Miocene
10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 5
Key time interval:Early/Lower Miocene
Age range of interval:23.03000 - 15.98000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Formation:Gaj
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the lower Gaj beds, which regionally overlie the Nari beds (Oligocene) and are overlain by the Middle-Late Miocene Mekran beds. AGE: The Gaj Formation is primarily Burdigalian, except for the basal parts (Naseem et al. 1996). Larger foraminifera are characterized by Miogypsina gunteri and M. thecideaeformis zones (Aquitanian and Burdigalian, early Miocene) (Kureshy, 1982). STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: from the lower Gaj beds.
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: poorly lithified "limestone"
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: In the Karachi area, the Gaj Formation includes the Metan Clay (nodular clay with thin limestone intercalations), Jhill Limestone (cream-colored, nodular, reefal), and the Talawa Limestone (sandy, with fossil fragments and cross-beds). LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified, based on figured specimens.
Environment:carbonate indet.
Geology comments: ENVIRONMENT: Not stated in text, but lithological descriptions suggest range from deep subtidal to shallow subtidal.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (in situ),field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collectors:Vredenburg
Collection method comments: COLLECTORS: Multiple collectors including W. Blanford, Wynne, Hira Lal, Ram Singh, and Noetling (staff of Geological Survey of India) during the early 1900's. REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India, with voucher specimens possibly at the BMNH.
Taxonomic list comments:COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda, bivalvia, and scaphopoda. NOMENCLATURE: Antiquated, but from an authoritative publication, with use of species and subgenus resolution assignments. Nomenclature can be updated through reference to Harzhauser and Swarko publications.
Metadata
Database number:77164
Authorizer:A. Hendy Enterer:A. Hendy
Modifier:M. Clapham Research group:marine invertebrate
Created:2007-12-21 16:32:30 Last modified:2019-08-09 20:52:57
Access level:authorizer only Released:2008-12-21 16:32:30
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
26063. 1925E. Vredenburg. 1925. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Cephalopoda, Opisthobranchiata, Siphonostomata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(1):1-350 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]

Secondary references:

36478 M. Harzhauser, M. Euter, W. E. Piller, B. Berning, A. Kroh and O. Mandic. 2009. Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 83:333-372 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]
26112 E. Vredenburg. 1928. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Gastropoda (in part) and Lamellibranchiata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(2):351-506 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/A. Hendy]