Graphite Peak (Fremouw Fm.): Early/Lower Triassic, Antarctica
collected by J. Barrett, J. W. Kitching 1967, 1969-1970, 1970-1971
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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unclassified
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Thrinaxodon liorhinus
Seeley 1894
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2 specimens | |||||||||
| AMNH 9546, 9547 | ||||||||||
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Anomodontia
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Kombuisia antarctica
Fröbisch et al. 2010
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Fröbisch et al. 2010 | 1 individual | ||||||||
| AMNH 9545 (paratype), near complete skull | ||||||||||
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Anomodontia
- Lystrosauridae
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Lystrosaurus indet.
Cope 1870
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Peecook et al. 2019 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
| UWBM 95523, 95525, 95528 | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Prolacertidae
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Prolacerta broomi
Parrington 1935
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Colbert 1987 | 1 individual | ||||||||
| AMNH 9560, cranial and postcranial fragments | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
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Antarctanax shackletoni n. gen., n. sp.
Peecook et al. 2019
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Peecook et al. 2019 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
| UWBM 95531, consisting of eight presacral vertebrae, several ribs, a left humerus, left metatarsals I–V phalanges, unguals, and unidentifiable flat bones on one slab and an almost complete right pes and a dorsal rib on a second, which was adjoining the first but separated during preparation. Specimen UWBM 95531 is considered to represent a somatically mature individual because all neural arches present are completely fused to their centra, with no indications of sutures. | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Procolophonidae
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Procolophon indet.
Owen 1876
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Peecook et al. 2019 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
| UWBM 88572 | ||||||||||
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Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
- Lapillopsidae
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Lapillopsidae indet.
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Peecook et al. 2019 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
| UWBM 95522 | ||||||||||
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Amphibia
- Temnospondyli
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Labyrinthodontia indet.
(Owen 1859)
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Colbert 1974 | 1 individual | ||||||||
| "fragment of a labyrinthodont amphibian lower jaw" | ||||||||||
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= Austrobrachyops jenseni
Colbert and Cosgriff 1974
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Colbert and Cosgriff 1974 | |||||||||
| AMNH 9301, fragment of the articular region of a left lower jaw | ||||||||||
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= Brachyopoidea indet.
Lydekker 1885
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Warren and Marsicano 2000 | |||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | Antarctica |
| Coordinates: | 85.1° South, 172.5° East (view map) |
| Paleocoordinates: | 80.7° South, 70.8° East |
| Basis of coordinate: | estimated from map |
| Geographic resolution: | small collection |
Time
| Period: | Triassic | Epoch: | Early/Lower Triassic |
| 10 m.y. bin: | Triassic 1 | ||
| Key time interval: | Early/Lower Triassic | ||
| Age range of interval: | 251.90200 - 247.20000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | carbonaceous claystone | ||
| Includes fossils? | Y | ||
| Lithology description: lithology is from Collinson et al. (2006, GSA Bull. 118(5/6) fig. 6) | |||
| Environment: | fluvial indet. | Tectonic setting: | foreland basin |
| Geology comments: "Late Permian and Triassic rocks in the central Transantarctic Mountains were deposited in a retroarc foreland basin (Dalziel and Elliot, 1982; Collinson, 1990, 1991; Isbell, 1991; Collinson et al., 1994)." (Collinson et al., 2006 p. 749); "The entire Upper Permian and Lower to Middle Triassic fluvial sequence in the central Transantarctic Mountains was deposited by low-sinuosity braided streams (Barrett et al., 1986)." (Collinson et al., 2006 p. 757) | |||
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
| Preservation of anatomical detail: | variable |
| Articulated whole bodies: | none |
| Temporal resolution: | snapshot |
| Spatial resolution: | parautochthonous |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | field collection | ||
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis | ||
| Museum repositories: | AMNH | ||
| Collectors: | J. Barrett, J. W. Kitching | Collection dates: | austral summers 1967, 1969-1970, 1970-1971 |
Metadata
| Database number: | 87420 | ||
| Authorizer: | J. Mueller, C. Sidor, R. Butler | Enterer: | T. Liebrecht, E. Dunne, R. Butler, C. Sidor |
| Modifier: | C. Sidor | Research group: | vertebrate |
| Created: | 2009-03-17 09:06:06 | Last modified: | 2022-02-21 07:00:02 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2009-03-17 09:06:06 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 29626. | E. H. Colbert and J. W. Kitching. 1977. Triassic Cynodont Reptiles From Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2611:1-30 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht] |
Secondary references:
| 27215 | E. H. Colbert. 1974. Lystrosaurus from Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2535:1-44 [H. Sims/J. Camp/T. Liebrecht] | |
| 35275 | E. H. Colbert. 1987. The Triassic reptile Prolacerta in Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2882:1-19 [R. Butler/R. Butler] | |
| 43611 | E. H. Colbert and J. W. Cosgriff. 1974. Labyrinthodont amphibians from Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2552:1-30 [R. Butler/R. Butler] | |
| 34180 | J. Fröbisch, K. D. Angielczyk, and C. A. Sidor. 2010. The Triassic dicynodont Kombuisia (Synapsida, Anomodontia) from Antarctica, a refuge from the terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Naturwissenschaften 97:187-196 [R. Butler/R. Butler] | |
| 67836 | B. R. Peecook, R. M. H. Smith, and C. A. Sidor. 2019. A novel archosauromorph from Antarctica and an updated review of a high-latitude vertebrate assemblage in the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology [R. Butler/E. Dunne/B. Allen] | |
| 32401 | A. Warren and C. Marsicano. 2000. A phylogeny of the Brachyopoidea (Temnospondyli, Stereospondyli). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20:462-483 [R. Butler/R. Butler] |