Tham Khuyen: Middle Pleistocene, Vietnam
collected by T. K. Le, V. B. Tran 1965, 1966
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Stegodon orientalis
Owen 1870
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Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| synonym of Stegodon insignis | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Chiroptera
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Chiroptera indet.
Blumenbach 1779
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Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Rhinoceros sinensis
Owen 1870
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Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Tapiridae
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Tapirus sp.
Brisson 1762
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Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Tapirus (Megatapirus) augustus
Matthew and Granger 1923
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Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Muntiacus muntjac
(Rafinesque 1815)
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Muntiacus muntjak | ||||||||||
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Cervus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Rusa unicolor
(Kerr 1792)
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Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| original and current combination Cervus unicolor | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bibos gaurus
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Bubalus bubalis
(Linnaeus 1758)
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Suidae
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Sus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Sus scrofa
Linnaeus 1758
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Sus cf. lydekkeri
Zdansky 1928
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Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Viverridae
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Paradoxurus cf. hermaphroditus
(Pallas 1777)
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Ursus malayanus
Raffles 1821
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Ursus thibetanus
Cuvier 1823
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| "Ursus thibetanus kokeni" | ||||||||||
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Ailuropoda melanoleuca
(David 1869)
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| "Ailuropoda melanoleuca fovealis" | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Arctonyx collaris
Cuvier 1825
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Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| "Arctonyx collaris cf. rostratus" | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Cuon sp.
Hodgson 1838
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
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Hystrix subcristata
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Hystrix sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Atherurus sp.
Cuvier 1829
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Mus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Rattus sp.
Fischer 1803
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Spalacidae
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Rhizomys cf. troglodytes
Matthew and Granger 1923
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Primates
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Hominoidea indet.
Gray 1825
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Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| said to be a new genus and "large-bodied" | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Hylobatidae
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Hylobates cf. concolor
(Harlan 1826)
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| recombined as Nomascus concolor | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Primates
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Langsonia liquidens n. gen., n. sp.
Schwartz et al. 1995
|
Schwartz et al. 1995 | |||||||||
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Hominidae
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Gigantopithecus blacki
von Koenigswald 1935
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Pongo sp.
Lacépède 1799
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| "dentally primitive" | ||||||||||
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Pongo pygmaeus
(Linnaeus 1760)
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| subspecies kahlkei | ||||||||||
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Pongo hooijeri n. sp.
Schwartz et al. 1995
|
Schwartz et al. 1995 | |||||||||
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Homo sp.
Linnaeus 1758
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Homo erectus
(Dubois 1892)
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Cercopithecidae
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Macaca sp.
Lacépède 1799
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
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Macaca cf. assamensis
(MacClelland 1839)
|
Schwartz et al. 1994 | |||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | Vietnam | State/province: | Lang Son |
| Coordinates: | 22.0° North, 106.4° East (view map) | ||
| Paleocoordinates: | 21.9° North, 106.4° East | ||
| Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark | ||
| Geographic resolution: | small collection |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
| Stage: | Chibanian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Middle Pleistocene | ||
| Age range of interval: | 0.77400 - 0.12900 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
| Stratigraphy comments: from "Two distinct breccia layers, a lower light red unit and an overlying darker red one... the darker one [contains] most of the fossil vertebrate remains... there is no sharp discontinuity between the layers, which were deposited during the same period... faunal analyses... suggest a late middle Pleistocene age (probably around 300-250 Ka) for the entire contained mammalian assemblage" | |||||
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | shelly/skeletal,red lithified breccia |
| Lithology description: "heavily calcified breccias that are rich in fossil bone and teeth" including "cobbles and small boulders" | |
| Environment: | cave |
| Geology comments: "periodic flooding appears to have washed river sediments ande remains of vertebrates into the cavity... A relatively high energy environment" | |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
| Fragmentation: | frequent |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | bulk,selective quarrying,mechanical,field collection | ||
| Reason for describing collection: | general faunal/floral analysis | ||
| Collectors: | T. K. Le, V. B. Tran | Collection dates: | 1965, 1966 |
| Collection method comments: collected by "a joint Vietnamese and German (DDR) group... Blocks... were removed... using hammers and chisels, following which manual preparation of the specimens was completed in the laboratories of the Institute of Archaeology in Hanoi" | |||
Metadata
| Database number: | 92781 | ||
| Authorizer: | J. Alroy, M. Uhen | Enterer: | J. Alroy, M. Uhen |
| Modifier: | M. Uhen | Research group: | vertebrate |
| Created: | 2009-11-28 16:06:45 | Last modified: | 2022-11-14 10:15:23 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2009-11-28 16:06:45 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 83097. | R. Ciochon, V. T. Long, R. Larick, L. González, R. Grün, J. De Vos, C. Yonge, L. Taylor, H. Yoshida and M. Regan. 1996. Dated co-occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 93:3016-3020 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] |
Secondary references:
| 35877 | J. H. Schwartz, V. T. Long, N. L. Cuong, L. T. Kha, and I. Tattersall. 1995. A review of the Pleistocene hominoid fauna of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (excluding Hylobatidae). Anthropological Paper of the American Museum of Natural History 76:1-23 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen] | |
| 31293 | J. H. Schwartz, T. H. Vu, L. C. Nguyen, K. T. Le, and I. Tattersall. 1994. A diverse hominoid fauna from the late middle Pleistocene breccia cave of Tham Khuyen, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 73:1-11 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] |