Williams Cave (Unknown Levels): Pleistocene - Holocene, Texas
collected by M. Y. Ayer, R. G. L. Ayer, W. Beal 1935
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Ursus horribilis
Ord 1815
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| synonym of Ursus arctos | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Urocyon cinereoargenteus
(Schreber 1775)
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| "U. cinereoargenteus scotti" | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Lynx rufus
(Schreber 1777)
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| "L. rufus baileyi" | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Odocoileus hemionus
(Rafinesque 1817)
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| "O. hemionus macrotis" | ||||||||||
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Odocoileus virginianus
(Zimmermann 1780)
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| "O. virginianus macrourus" | ||||||||||
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Cervus merriami
Nelson 1902
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| recombined as Cervus elaphus merriami | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Ovis canadensis
Shaw 1804
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| "O. canadensis texianus" | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Antilocapridae
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Antilocapra americana
(Ord 1815)
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| "A. americana americana" | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Lepus californicus
Gray 1837
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| "L. californicus texianus" | ||||||||||
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Sylvilagus auduboni
(Baird 1858)
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| recombined as Sylvilagus audubonii | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Cricetidae
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Neotoma albigula
Hartley 1894
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| "N. albigula albigula" | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Geomyidae
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Cratogeomys castanops
(Baird 1852)
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| "C. castanops castanops" | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Heteromyidae
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Perognathus intermedius
Merriam 1889
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| recombined as Chaetodipus intermedius | ||||||||||
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Sciuridae
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Citellus grammurus
(Helgen et al. 2009)
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| recombined as Otospermophilus variegatus grammurus | ||||||||||
| "C. grammurus grammurus" | ||||||||||
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Cynomys gunnisoni
(Baird 1855)
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Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Erethizontidae
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Erethizon epixanthum
(Brandt 1835)
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| recombined as Erethizon dorsatum epixanthus | ||||||||||
| "E. epixanthum epixanthum" | ||||||||||
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Reptilia
- Iguanidae
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Iguanidae indet.
Oppel 1811
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Reptilia
- Phasianidae
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Meleagris gallopavo
Linnaeus 1758
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| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | United States | State/province: | Texas | County: | Culberson |
| Coordinates: | 31.9° North, 104.9° West (view map) | ||||
| Paleocoordinates: | 31.9° North, 104.7° West | ||||
| Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark | ||||
| Altitude: | 4900 feet | ||||
| Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
| Period: | Quaternary |
| 10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 |
| Key time interval: | Pleistocene - Holocene |
| Age range of interval: | 2.58000 - 0.00000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
| Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
| Stratigraphy comments: "The top three feet of deposit had been thoroughly dug away except in small areas" and apart from certain Pleistocene taxa (see collection 93257) the stratigraphic position of the fauna is unclear and may include both Pleistocene and Holocene material | |||||
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | rubbly siltstone |
| Lithology description: "Portions of the roof have fallen... so that rocks and spalls were intermingled with the very fine dust that covered the floor of the cave"; there is a thick "layer of caliche, limestone and gypsum" across the entrance of the cave but it is not fossiliferous | |
| Environment: | terrestrial indet. |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection methods: | selective quarrying,field collection | ||
| Reason for describing collection: | general faunal/floral analysis | ||
| Museum repositories: | ANSP | ||
| Collectors: | M. Y. Ayer, R. G. L. Ayer, W. Beal | Collection dates: | 1935 |
| Collection method comments: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia collection
most of the archaeological material including three "Heuco Cave Dweller" burials was removed in 1934 from "18 inches below the surface," followed by the faunal material in 1935 from depths of up to seven feet collectors include "Mr. and Mrs. Richard G. L. Ayer," presumable meaning Ayer and her husband | |||
Metadata
| Database number: | 93258 | ||
| Authorizer: | J. Alroy | Enterer: | J. Alroy | Research group: | vertebrate |
| Created: | 2010-01-10 19:31:14 | Last modified: | 2010-01-10 21:31:14 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2010-01-10 19:31:14 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 31531. | M. Y. Ayer. 1936. The archaeological and faunal material from Williams Cave, Guadalupe Mountains, Texas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 88:599-618 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] |