Bushy Tailed Blowout: Lancian, Wyoming
collected by W. A. Clemens 1985

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Gastropoda - Viviparidae
cf. Lioplacodes sp. Meek and Hayden 1864
Estes 1964
cf. Viviparus sp. Montfort 1810
Estes 1964
Gastropoda - Hydrobiidae
Reesidella sp. Yen 1952
Estes 1964
Gastropoda - Heterostropha - Physidae
cf. Physa sp. Draparnaud 1801
Estes 1964
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Corbiculidae
? Corbiculidae indet. Gray 1847
Estes 1964
Bivalvia - Unionida - Unionidae
Unionidae indet. Rafinesque 1820
Estes 1964
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Lonchidiidae
Lonchidion selachos Estes 1964
Estes 1964 2 specimens
UCMP 53905-53906
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae
Myledaphus bipartitus Cope 1876
Estes 1964 2 elements
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Sclerorhynchidae
Ischyrhiza avonicola Estes 1964
Estes 1964 1 specimen
UCMP unnumbered
Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae
Acipenser eruciferus (Cope 1876)
Estes 1964 2 specimens
UCMP unnumbered
Amphibia - Temnospondyli
Theatonius lancensis n. gen., n. sp. Fox 1976
Fox 1976 9 specimens
UALVP 12073-80, 40162
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Palaeobatrachidae
cf. Barbourula sp. Taylor and Noble 1924
Estes 1964 1 specimen
UCMP 55705
    = Palaeobatrachus occidentalis Estes and Sanchíz 1982
Estes and Sanchíz 1982
Amphibia - Temnospondyli
Paradiscoglossus americanus n. gen., n. sp. Estes and Sanchíz 1982
Estes and Sanchíz 1982 3 specimens
UCMP 125827-125829
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Discoglossidae
? Pelobatidae indet. Lataste 1879
Estes 1964 1 specimen
UCMP 55706
    = cf. Discoglossidae indet. Günther 1859
Estes and Sanchíz 1982
Amphibia - Temnospondyli
Neobatrachia indet. Reig 1958
Estes 1964 1 specimen
ilium
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Pelobatidae
? Pelobatidae indet. Lataste 1879
Estes 1964
    = Eopelobates sp. Parker 1929
Estes and Sanchíz 1982
    = cf. Eopelobates sp. Parker 1929
Gardner 2008
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Batrachosauroididae
Batrachosauroididae indet. Auffenberg 1958
Gardner 2022
AMNH FARB 22965 (incomplete left dentary) - probable new genus and species,
Opisthotriton kayi Auffenberg 1961
Estes 1964 3 specimens
UCMP unnumbered
Prodesmodon copei Estes 1964
Estes 1964 5 specimens
UCMP unnumbered
Cuttysarkus mcnallyi Estes 1964
Estes 1964 6 specimens
synonym of Prodesmodon copei
UCMP 54258
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Urodela
Habrosaurus dilatus Gilmore 1928
Estes 1964 5 specimens
UCMP unnumbered
Scapherpeton tectum Cope 1876
Estes 1964 511 specimens
500+ specimens, unnumbered UCMP
Lisserpeton bairdi Estes 1965
Estes 1965 7 specimens
cf. Piceoerpeton sp. Meszoely 1967
Naylor 1983
atlas
    = Piceoerpeton naylori Gardner 2012
Gardner 2012
UALVP 43920 (atlas)
Amphibia - Temnospondyli - Albanerpetontidae
Albanerpetontidae indet. Fox and Naylor 1982
Gardner 2000 3 specimens
AMNH 22952-22954,
Albanerpeton nexuosus Estes 1981
Gardner 2000 6 specimens
AMNH 15259, 22950, 22952, 22955, 22959, 27177
Mammalia - Multituberculata
Cimexomys minor Sloan and Van Valen 1965
Clemens 1973
one "Mesodma" M1 (perhaps M. "formosa") of Clemens 1964a
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Cimolomyidae
Meniscoessus robustus (Marsh 1889)
(6 measurements)
Cimolomys gracilis Marsh 1889
(6 measurements)
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Cimolodontidae
Cimolodon nitidus Marsh 1889
(6 measurements)
Mammalia - Multituberculata - Neoplagiaulacidae
Mesodma hensleighi Lillegraven 1969
Novacek and Clemens 1977
(1 measurement)
Mesodma thompsoni Clemens 1964
confirmed by Novacek and Clemens 1977 (1 measurement)
Mesodma formosa (Marsh 1889)
confirmed by Novacek and Clemens 1977 (1 measurement)
Mammalia - Gypsonictopidae
Gypsonictops hypoconus Simpson 1927
Clemens 1973
Mammalia - Creodonta
Cimolestes magnus Clemens and Russell 1965
Clemens 1973
recombined as Altacreodus magnus
Mammalia - Cimolestidae
Cimolestes incisus Marsh 1889
Clemens 1973
Cimolestes stirtoni n. sp. Clemens 1973
Clemens 1973
UCMP 48591 - type (left upper molar, probably M2)
Batodon tenuis Marsh 1892
Clemens 1973
Mammalia
Nortedelphys intermedius Case et al. 2004
Case et al. 2004
synonym of Nortedelphys jasoni
Mammalia - Pediomyidae
Pediomys elegans Marsh 1889
Clemens 1966
(3 measurements)
Pediomys cooki n. sp. Clemens 1966
Clemens 1966
recombined as Leptalestes cooki
(3 measurements)
Pediomys krejcii Clemens 1966
Clemens 1966
recombined as Leptalestes krejcii
this is NOT the type locality, see Clemens 1973 (3 measurements)
Pediomys hatcheri (Osborn 1898)
Clemens 1966
original and current combination Protolambda hatcheri
(3 measurements)
Pediomys florencae Clemens 1966
Clemens 1966
recombined as Protolambda florencae
(3 measurements)
Mammalia - Stagodontidae
Didelphodon vorax Marsh 1889
Clemens 1966
Mammalia - Alphadontidae
Alphadon marshi Simpson 1927
Clemens 1966
includes A. marshi sensu stricto according to Clemens 1973; A. "wilsoni" present according to Lillegraven 1969 (3 measurements)
Alphadon rhaister Clemens 1966
    = Turgidodon rhaister Clemens 1966
Clemens 1966
Mammalia
Alphadon lulli Clemens 1966
    = Protalphadon lulli Clemens 1966
Clemens 1966
Mammalia - Glasbiidae
Glasbius intricatus n. sp. Clemens 1966
Clemens 1966
Reptilia
Compsemys victa (Leidy 1856)
Estes 1964 2 specimens
including UCMP 173375 listed by Holroyd & Hutchison (2002)
Reptilia - Baenidae
Eubaena cephalica (Hay 1904)
Estes 1964 1 specimen
including UCMP 73030 listed by Holroyd & Hutchison (2002)
cf. Baena sp. Leidy 1870
Estes 1964 1 specimen
Reptilia - Testudines - Chelydridae
Chelydridae sp. Swainson 1839
Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
Vouchers: UCMP 125773–775
Reptilia - Testudines
Emarginochelys sp. (Whetstone 1978)
Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
original and current combination Emarginachelys
Vouchers: UCMP 125768–772
Reptilia - Testudines - Adocidae
Adocus sp. Cope 1868
Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
Voucher: UCMP 173412
Reptilia - Testudines - Emydidae
Emydinae indet. Rafinesque 1815
Estes 1964
"near Pseudemys?"
Reptilia - Testudines
Kinosternoidae sp. Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
Voucher: UCMP 173416
Plastomeninae sp. (Hay 1902)
Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
spelled with current rank as Plastomenidae
Voucher: UCMP 173418
Reptilia - Testudines - Trionychidae
Trionychidae indet. Gray 1825
Estes 1964 1 specimen
costal, UCMP unnumbered; plus UCMP 173409 listed by Holroyd & Hutchison (2002)
Aspideretes beecheri Hay 1904
Estes 1964 1 specimen
recombined as Trionyx beecheri
Reptilia - Testudines - Nanhsiungchelyidae
Basilemys sp. Hay 1902
Estes 1964 1 specimen
Reptilia - Testudines - Macrobaenidae
cf. Macrobaenidae sp. Sukhanov 1964
Holroyd and Hutchison 2002
Voucher: UCMP 173415
Reptilia
Alethinophidia informal Lance snake
Longrich et al. 2012 1 specimen
Fig. 1J: Lance alethinophidian vertebra
Coniophis precedens Marsh 1892
Longrich et al. 2012 10 specimens
nomen dubium belonging to Serpentes
AMNH  22846,  22850,  22851 (maxillae); AMNH 14598, 15621, 15622, 22840‐22845, 22847‐22849, 22940, 25220,  25261, 26817‐26819, 26821‐26824, 26827‐26834, 26999, 27000 (vertebrae) and UCMP  49859, 53930‐53934, 53936‐53944, 73044 (vertebrae)
? Sauriscus cooki Estes 1964
Estes 1964
recombined as Estescincosaurus cooki
"scincid-like parietals", UCMP
Pariguana lancensis n. gen., n. sp. Longrich et al. 2012
Longrich et al. 2012 1 specimen
Holotype AMNH 22208, dentary
Paraderma bogerti Estes 1964
Estes 1964 2 specimens
UCMP 54199, 54213
Parasaniwa wyomingensis Gilmore 1928
Estes 1964 21 specimens
UCMP 49792, 49796, 49799, 54200; AMNH 8103; plus Gao & Fox (1996) specimens: UALVP 33351-33353 (maxilla), 33354 (frontal), 1612, 1616, 33355, 33356 (dentaries)
Litakis gilmorei Estes 1964
Estes 1964 1 specimen
UCMP 49798
Palaeosaniwa canadensis Gilmore 1928
Estes 1964 1 specimen
caudal; UCMP unnumbered
    = Varanoidea indet. Gray 1827
Gao and Fox 1996
Colpodontosaurus cracens Estes 1964
Gao and Fox 1996 4 specimens
UALVP 29781-29784 (dentaries)
Reptilia - Anguidae
Peltosaurus piger Gilmore 1928
Estes 1964 33 specimens
recombined as Odaxosaurus piger
UCMP 49761-49790, 49821, 54204, 54208
Reptilia - Xenosauridae
Exostinus lancensis Gilmore 1928
Estes 1964 6 specimens
UCMP 49847-49850, 49864, 56093; plus specimens reported by Gao & Fox (1996), UALVP 29847 (parietal), 29849-29850 (maxilla), 29838 (dentary)
Reptilia - Chamopsiidae
Meniscognathus altmani Estes 1964
Estes 1964 11 specimens
UCMP 49837, 49841, 54266; and specimens reported by Gao & Fox 1996; UALVP 29774, 29777, 29834 (dentaries), and 29832 (maxilla)
Haptosphenus placodon Estes 1964
Estes 1964 5 specimens
UCMP 49844-49846, 54201, 54209
Leptochamops denticulatus (Gilmore 1928)
Estes 1964 4 specimens
UCMP 49825-49826, 49830, 49832
Chamops segnis Marsh 1892
Estes 1964 25 specimens
UCMP 49811-49814, 54206; and specimen reported by Gao & Fox 1996; UALVP 29727, 29729, 29813 (maxillae), and 29814 (dentary)
Reptilia
Lonchisaurus trichurus n. gen., n. sp. Longrich et al. 2012
Longrich et al. 2012 1 specimen
Holotype AMNH 15446, dentary
Brachychampsa montana Gilmore 1911
Estes 1964 1 specimen
Leidyosuchus sternbergi (Gilmore 1910)
Estes 1964 3 specimens
recombined as Borealosuchus sternbergii
Reptilia - Ceratopsidae
cf. Triceratops sp. Marsh 1889
Estes 1964 5 specimens
    = Ceratopsidae indet. Marsh 1888
Carpenter 1982
UCM 37878, 43526, 45057-45059
Reptilia - Hadrosauridae
cf. Anatosaurus sp. Lull and Wright 1942
Estes 1964 5 specimens
    = Hadrosauridae indet. Cope 1869
Carpenter 1982
UCM 45060-45061
Reptilia
Thescelosaurus neglectus Gilmore 1913
Estes 1964 1 specimen
    = Thescelosaurus sp. Gilmore 1913
Carpenter 1982
UCM 43223
Reptilia - Theropoda
Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881
Carpenter 1982 1 specimen
UCM 39503
? Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881
Estes 1964 1 specimen
"straight-sided teeth"
Reptilia - Troodontidae
Saurornithoides inequalis (Sternberg 1932)
Carpenter 1982 2 specimens
original and current combination Stenonychosaurus inequalis
UCM 41666, 43218
Pectinodon bakkeri n. gen., n. sp. Carpenter 1982
Carpenter 1982 5 specimens
UCM 38445-38446; AMNH 27117-8, 21874
Reptilia - Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae indet. Colbert and Russell 1969
Carpenter 1982 9 specimens
UCM 39502; AMNH uncat. (n. gen. n. sp.)
Richardoestesia sp. Currie et al. 1990
Longrich 2008
Dromaeosaurinae sp. Matthew and Brown 1922
Longrich 2008
Reptilia
Paronychodon lacustris Cope 1876
Estes 1964 2 specimens
nomen dubium belonging to Paronychodon
Reptilia - Charadriiformes
Charadriiformes informal indet. sp. 1 Huxley 1867
Hope 2002 1 specimen
AMNH 13011
Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Cimolopterygidae
Cimolopteryx petra n. sp. Hope 2002
Hope 2002 1 specimen
recombined as Lamarqueavis petra
AMNH 21911
Cimolopteryx maxima n. sp. Brodkorb 1963
Brodkorb 1963 2 specimens
UCMP 53973, 53957
Reptilia - Charadriiformes
Graculavus augustus n. sp. Hope 1999
Hope 1999 1 specimen
AMNH 25223
Reptilia
Neornithes informal indet. sp. 6 (Gadow 1893)
Hope 2002 1 specimen
AMNH 25221
Lonchodytes pterygius Brodkorb 1963
Database 2005 1 specimen
nomen dubium belonging to Neornithes
Reptilia - Anseriformes - Presbyornithidae
Presbyornithidae informal indet. sp. 4 Wetmore 1926
Hope 2002 1 specimen
AMNH 22603
Presbyornithidae informal indet. sp. 3 Wetmore 1926
Hope 2002 1 specimen
AMNH 21929
Presbyornithidae informal indet. sp. 2 Wetmore 1926
Hope 2002 1 specimen
AMNH 22602
Reptilia - Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae informal indet. sp. 2 Reichenbach 1850
Hope 2002 1 specimen
AMNH 25272
Reptilia - Tyrannosauridae
cf. Dryptosaurus sp. Marsh 1877
Estes 1964 1 specimen
    = Aublysodon mirandus Leidy 1868
Carpenter 1982
nomen dubium belonging to Tyrannosauridae
UCM 43477
Reptilia - Pterosauria
? Pterosauria indet. Kaup 1834
Estes 1964
Reptilia
Champsosaurus sp. Cope 1876
Database 2005 3 specimens
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus occidentalis (Leidy 1856)
Estes 1964 21 specimens
original and current combination Lepidotus occidentalis
Actinopteri - Amiiformes - Amiidae
Kindleia fragosa Jordan 1927
Estes 1964 26 specimens
recombined as Cyclurus fragosus
UCMP 54045-54048, 54062, 54073-54074, 54082, 54088, 54092-54093, 54104-54105, 54178-54180, 54188, 54196-54198, 54260, 54262, 56019; + 3 + many unnumbered specimens
cf. Protamia sp. (Leidy 1873)
Estes 1964 1 element
UCMP 56276
Melvius thomasi Bryant 1987
Database 2005 3 specimens
Actinopteri
Teleostei informal indet. U-4 (Müller 1846)
Brinkman et al. 2021 10 specimens
UALVP 58847, abdominal centra
Osteoglossomorpha indet. Greenwood et al. 1966
Brinkman et al. 2021 36 specimens
= Coriops/Lopadichthys; UALVP 58845, centra of large size; UALVP 58846, centra of small size
Actinopteri - Osteoglossiformes
Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis Murray et al. 2016
Brinkman et al. 2021 33 specimens
UALVP 56054, centra type BvE
aff. Lopadichthys sp. Murray et al. 2018
Brinkman et al. 2021 1 specimen
UALVP 56055, dentary
Actinopteri - Hiodontiformes - Hiodontidae
Hiodontidae informal indet. small morph
Brinkman et al. 2021 4 specimens
UALVP uncatalogued
Actinopteri - Esociformes - Esocidae
Estesesox sp. Wilson et al. 1992
Brinkman et al. 2021 3 specimens
UALVP 58852, dentary; UALVP 58854, palatine; UALVP 58844, centrum type NvC
Actinopteri
Acanthomorpha informal indet. HC-1 (Rosen 1973)
Brinkman et al. 2021 21 specimens
spelled with current rank as Acanthomorphata
UALVP 58830, three first abdominal centra; UALVP 58876, 18 abdominal centra
Acanthomorpha informal indet. HC-2 (Rosen 1973)
Brinkman et al. 2021 20 specimens
spelled with current rank as Acanthomorphata
UALVP 58832, six first abdominal centra; UALVP 58831, 14 abdominal centra
Acanthomorpha informal indet. HC-3 (Rosen 1973)
Brinkman et al. 2021 7 specimens
spelled with current rank as Acanthomorphata
UALVP 58833, seven first abdominal centra
Acanthomorpha informal indet. HC-4 (Rosen 1973)
Brinkman et al. 2021 8 specimens
spelled with current rank as Acanthomorphata
UALVP 58836, one first abdominal centrum; UALVP 58834, seven abdominal centra
Acanthomorpha informal indet. HC-6 (Rosen 1973)
Brinkman et al. 2021 1 specimen
spelled with current rank as Acanthomorphata
UALVP 58847, one abdominal centrum
Acanthomorpha informal indet. HC-5 (Rosen 1973)
Brinkman et al. 2021 1 specimen
spelled with current rank as Acanthomorphata
UALVP 58829, first abdominal centrum
Actinopteri - Percopsiformes
Percopsiformes indet. Berg 1940
Brinkman et al. 2021 1 specimen
UALVP 59912, dentary
Actinopteri - Sciaenidae
Platacodon nanus Marsh 1889
Estes 1964 10 elements
dentaries; UALVP 58851, pharyngeal tooth plate.
Actinopteri
Euteleostei informal indet. RvB Rosen 1973
Brinkman et al. 2021 1 specimen
UALVP 58848, one abdominal centrum
Actinopteri - Gonorhynchiformes
Gonorhynchiformes informal indet. H
Brinkman et al. 2021 8 specimens
UALVP 58842, eight abdominal centra (centrum type HvA)
Actinopteri
Otophysi informal indet. U-3/BvD
Brinkman et al. 2021 14 specimens
corrected as Otophysa
UALVP 58839, seven anterior Weberian centra (centrum type U3); UALVP 58840, two possible fourth Weberian centra; UALVP 58838, two abdominal centra (centrum type BvD)
Actinopteri - Elopiformes
Elopiformes indet. Sauvage 1875
Brinkman et al. 2021 2 specimens
UALVP 58837, one complete and one partial centrum
Ostariostoma sp. Schaeffer 1949
Brinkman et al. 2021 5 specimens
UALVP 56053, four dentaries represented by their anterior end and one complete dentary
Actinopteri - Elopiformes - Elopidae
Elopidae indet. Bonaparte 1846
Estes 1964 2 elements
UCMP 55816-55817
Actinopteri - Elopiformes - Phyllodontidae
Phyllodontidae indet. Sauvage 1875
Brinkman et al. 2021
UALVP58837
Actinopteri - Albuliformes - Albulidae
Albulidae indet. Bleeker 1859
Estes 1964
fragments
Coriops sp. Estes 1969
Brinkman et al. 2021 1 specimen
UALVP 58853, basibranchial element of small size
Actinopteri - Aspidorhynchiformes - Aspidorhynchidae
Belonostomus longirostris (Lambe 1902)
Estes 1964 1 specimen
UCP 54000, multiple fragments
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Wyoming County:Niobrara
Coordinates: 43.2° North, 104.6° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:49.6° North, 79.4° West
Basis of coordinate:unpublished field data
Geographic resolution:small collection
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stage:Maastrichtian 10 m.y. bin:Cretaceous 8
*Epoch:Senonian
Key time interval:Lancian
Age range of interval:70.60000 - 66.00000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Lance
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: lithified sandy "shale"
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "a sandy shale"
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Lagerst�tten type:concentrate
Degree of concentration:concentrated
Size of fossils:mesofossils
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:UCMP
Collectors:W. A. Clemens Collection dates:1985
Metadata
Also known as:UCMP V-5711 (BTB locality)
Database number:14519
Authorizer:J. Alroy, R. Benson, P. Mannion, M. Bell, M. Carrano Enterer:J. Alroy, P. Mannion, G. Varnham, M. Bell, R. Benson, M. Carrano
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:1994-07-26 00:00:00 Last modified:2022-10-05 09:19:48
Access level:the public Released:1994-07-26 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

1239. W. A. Clemens. 1964. Fossil mammals of the type Lance Formation, Wyoming. Part I. Introduction and Marsupialia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 48:1-105 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]

Secondary references:

85648 D. B. Brinkman, J. D. Divay, D. G. DeMar and G. P. Wilson Mantilla. 2021. A systematic reappraisal and quantitative study of the nonmarine teleost fishes from the late Maastrichtian of the Western Interior of North America: evidence from vertebrate microfossil localities. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58(9):936-967 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
33900ETE P. Brodkorb. 1963. Birds from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming. Proceedings of the XIII International Ornithological Congress 55-70 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
12202ETE K. Carpenter. 1982. Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 20(2):123-134 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
31410 J. A. Case, F. J. Goin, and M. O. Woodburne. 2004. "South American" marsupials from the Late Cretaceous of North America and the origin of marsupial cohorts. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 11(3/4):223-255 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
1241 W. A. Clemens. 1966. Fossil mammals from the type Lance Formation, Wyoming. Part II. Marsupialia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 62:1-122 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
1242 W. A. Clemens. 1973. Fossil mammals of the type Lance Formation, Wyoming. Part III. Eutheria and summary. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 94:1-102 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
13103 U.C.M.P. Database. 2005. UCMP collections database. University of California Museum of Paleontology [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
803 R. Estes. 1964. Fossil vertebrates from the Late Cretaceous Lance Formation, eastern Wyoming. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 49:1-187 [J. Alroy/M. Sommers/M. Carrano]
43775% 41840R. Estes. 1965. A new fossil salamander from Montana and Wyoming. Copeia 1965(1):90-95 [E. Fara/E. Fara/J. Alroy]
19691ETE R. Estes and B. Sanchíz. 1982. New discoglossid and palaeobatrachid frogs from the Late Cretaceous of Wyoming and Montana, and a review of other frogs from the Lance and Hell Creek Formations. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2(1):9-20 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
46597 R. C. Fox. 1976. An edentulous frog (Theatonius lancensis, new genus and species) from the Upper Cretaceous Lance Formation of Wyoming. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13(10):1486-1490 [M. Bell/M. Bell]
37933 K. -Q. Gao and R. C. Fox. 1996. Taxonomy and evolution of Late Cretaceous lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Canada. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of natural History 33:1-107 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
42675 J. D. Gardner. 2000. Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of North America. Geodiversitas 22(3):349-388 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
52044 J. D. Gardner. 2008. New information on frogs (Lissamphibia: Anura) from the Lance Formation (Maastrichtian) and Bug Creek Anthills (late Maastrichtian and early Paleocene), Hell Creek Formation, USA. In J. T. Sankey & S. Baszio (ed.), Vertebrate Microfossil Assemblages: Their Role in Paleoecology and Paleobiogeography 219-249 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
44340 J. D. Gardner. 2012. Revision of Piceoerpeton MESZOELY (Caudata: Scapherpetontidae) and description of a new species from the late Maastrichtian and ? early Paleocene of western North America. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(6):611-620 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
81240 J. D. Gardner. 2022. A unique dentary suggests a third genus of batrachosauroidid salamander existed during the latest Cretaceous in the western USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67(1):35-50 [P. Mannion/G. Varnham]
42536 P. A. Holroyd and J. H. Hutchison. 2002. Patterns of geographic variation in latest Cretaceous vertebrates: evidence from the turtle component. Geological Society of America Special Paper 361:177-190 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
82792 S. Hope. 1999. A new species of Graculavus from the Cretaceous of Wyoming (Aves: Neornithes). In S. L. Storrs, P. Wellnhofer, C. Mourer-Chauviré, D. W. Steadman, L. D. Martin (eds.), Avian Paleontology at the Close of the 20th Century: Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Washington, D.C, 4-7 June 1996. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 89:261-266 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
29037 S. Hope. 2002. The Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes. In L. M. Chiappe and L. M. Witmer (eds.), Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley 339-388 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Carrano]
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