Pipestone Springs: Chadronian, Montana

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
unclassified
Leptictis acutidens n. sp. (Douglass 1902)
    = informal Novacek leptictid acutidens
Alroy 2002
Leptictis thomsoni n. sp. (Matthew 1903)
    = informal Novacek leptictid thomsoni
Alroy 2002
Eumys minor Douglass 1902
Douglass 1902
    = Pradjidaumo trilophus
Tabrum et al. 1996
Reptilia - Testudines
Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)
Douglass 1902
synonym of Testudines
Reptilia - Anguidae
Helodermoides tuberculatus n. gen., n. sp. Douglass 1903
Douglass 1903 2 specimens
CM 707 (holotype), partial skull and mandible; AMNH 1611, complete left frontal plus partial right frontal, posterior part of right dentary, three dermal scutes, one sacral vertebra, three anterior caudals
Helodermoides tuberculatus Douglass 1903
Sullivan 1979 1 specimen
AMNH Frick collection no. 8729, posterior part of right frontal
cf. Helodermoides tuberculatus Douglass 1903
Sullivan 1979 2 specimens
AMNH 2189, two body osteoderms; USNM 13805, basicranium
Mammalia - Carnivora - Palaeogalidae
Palaeogale infelix n. sp. (Matthew 1903)
synonym of Palaeogale sectoria
"Palaeogale sectoria" replaces ID of Matthew 1903a see Baskin and Tedford 1996; listed as "P. lagophaga" for no stated reason by Tabrum et al. 2001
Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae
Brachyrhynchocyon dodgei (Scott 1898)
Brachyrhynchocyon new
(1 measurement)
    = Brachyrhynchocyon montanus n. sp. Hunt 1996
Hunt 1996
"Brachyrhynchocyon new species": omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001, but Hunt specifically places the specimen at "Pipestone Springs Main Locality" DUPLICATE REF 1975 or 1979
Mammalia - Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustelavus priscus Clark 1936
Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae
Hesperocyon paterculus n. sp. (Matthew 1903)
synonym of Hesperocyon gregarius
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Mesohippus montanensis n. sp. Osborn 1904
Tabrum et al. 2001
synonym of Mesohippus westoni
see Osborn 1904; "M. westoni"
Miohippus grandis (Clark and Beerbower 1967)
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Rhinocerotidae indet. Gray 1821
Subhyracodon mitis (Cope 1875)
Prothero 2005
Trigonias osborni Lucas 1900
Prothero 2005
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Hyracodontidae
Hyracodon sp. Leidy 1856
Douglass 1902
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Colodon cf. kayi (Hough 1955)
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae
Brontotheriidae indet. (Marsh 1873)
Mammalia - Camelidae
Poebrotherium sp. Leidy 1847
    = Poebrotherium wilsoni Leidy 1847
Prothero 1996
Mammalia - Merycoidodontidae
Merycoidodontidae indet. Cook 1912
"Merycoidodon" originally described as "M. forsythae" by Schultz and Falkenbach 1968, which has been transferred to Miniochoerus; however, material has not been re-examined according to Stevens and Stevens 1996
Bathygenys alpha n. sp. Douglass 1902
(3 measurements)
Mammalia - Protoceratidae
Leptotragulus profectus n. sp. Matthew 1903
recombined as Trigenicus profectus
see Matthew 1903a
Mammalia - Leptomerycidae
Leptomeryx sp. Leidy 1853
three forms, including "I" and "M"; these are omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001
Leptomeryx mammifer Cope 1885
confirmed by Heaton and Emry 1996
Leptomeryx speciosus Lambe 1908
confirmed by Heaton and Emry 1996
Hendryomeryx sp. Black 1978
includes "?Eotylopus new sp." of Tabrum and Fields 1980
    = Pipestoneia douglassi n. gen., n. sp. Tabrum and Métais 2007
Tabrum and Métais 2007
Mammalia - Leptochoeridae
Stibarus montanus n. sp. Matthew 1903
see Matthew 1903a
Mammalia - Soricidae
Domnina thompsoni n. sp. Simpson 1941
Mammalia - Geolabididae
Centetodon kuenzii n. sp. Lillegraven et al. 1981
Mammalia - Proscalopidae
? Oligoscalops sp. Reed 1961
said to be new
Mammalia - Micropternodontidae
Micropternodus borealis n. sp. Matthew 1903
see Matthew 1903a
Cryptoryctes kayi n. gen., n. sp. Reed 1954
Reed 1954
Mammalia - Apternodontidae
Apternodus mediaevus n. sp. Matthew 1903
see Matthew 1903a
Mammalia - Oligoryctidae
Oligoryctes cameronensis Hough 1956
Oligoryctes altitalonidus (Clark 1936)
Mammalia - Rodentia - Aplodontidae
Prosciurus vetustus n. sp. (Matthew 1903)
original and current combination Sciurus (Prosciurus) vetustus
see Matthew 1903a
Mammalia - Rodentia - Sciuridae
Protosciurus jeffersoni n. sp. (Douglass 1902)
recombined as Douglassciurus jeffersoni
Mammalia - Rodentia - Ischyromyidae
Ischyromys sp. Leidy 1856
said to be new
Ischyromys veterior n. sp. Matthew 1903
see Matthew 1903a
Mammalia - Rodentia - Heliscomyidae
Heliscomys ostranderi Korth et al. 1991
see Korth et al. 1991: "H. vetus" of earlier lists (3 measurements)
Mammalia - Rodentia - Eomyidae
Aulolithomys bounites n. sp. Black 1965
Montanamus bjorki n. sp. Ostrander 1983
Ostrander 1983
Adjidaumo minimus n. sp. (Matthew 1903)
see Matthew 1903a
Namatomys lloydi n. sp. Black 1965
this is the "true" Namatomys"
Mammalia - Rodentia - Cylindrodontidae
Pseudocylindrodon neglectus n. sp. Burke 1935
(3 measurements)
Cylindrodon fontis n. gen., n. sp. Douglass 1902
(3 measurements)
Mammalia - Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Megalagus brachyodon n. sp. (Matthew 1903)
see Matthew 1903a
Palaeolagus temnodon n. sp. Douglass 1902
Chadrolagus emryi Gawne 1978
Mammalia
Herpetotherium valens (Lambe 1908)
includes type of "Peratherium donahoei"
Herpetotherium fugax (Cope 1873)
Copedelphys titanelix n. sp. (Matthew 1903)
see Matthew 1903a
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:Montana County:Jefferson
Coordinates: 45.9° North, 112.3° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:47.7° North, 103.4° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Eocene
Stage:Priabonian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 3
*Period:Tertiary
Key time interval:Chadronian
Age range of interval:37.20000 - 33.90000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Renova Member:Climbing Arrow
Local section:JeffB Local bed:1
Local order:bottom to top
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: sandy claystone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: According to Douglass 1902: The strata containing the bones are a sandy clay that swells and cracks on weathering and crackles under feet when dry, and a light-gray fine-grained homogeneous material...many angular, glassy fragments, which are undoubtedly volcanic dust
Environment:terrestrial indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Disassociated minor elements:many
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (float)
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Taxonomic list comments:does NOT include Fence Patch MV 6103
335 rodent specimens just in the CM collection: Black 1965
following species are from the general area, exact locality unknown: Patriomanis americanus; Hyaenodon crucians -type of "H. minutus"; Hyaenodon microdon type; Hyaenodon montanus - type, actually from Toston contra Mellett 1977; Mesohippus "portentus"; Oreonetes anceps - "?Limnenetes sp." of Matthew 1903, probably not even from Pipestone area; Leptochoerus sp.
following species are listed by Tabrum and Fields 1980 but not by Tabrum et al.: Agriochoerus maximus = A. sp.?; Paradjidaumo minor = P. trilophus; Korth 1980 "? Cupressimus sp."; Merycoidodon "lewisi"; Didelphidectes "pumilis" = "pumilus" type is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001 from the Main Pocket list and presumably has poor provenance
"Centetodon magnus" is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001
"Eutypomys parvus" apparently not present, symbol in table seems to refer to Little Pocket (see) and taxon is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001
"Zemiodontomys burkei" type is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001, presumably has poor provenance
"Montanamus bjorki" type (see Ostrander 1983b) is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001, presumably has poor provenance
"Pipestoneomys bisulcatus" type is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001, presumably has poor provenance

"Daphoenictis sp." is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001, presumably has poor provenance
"Parictis montanus" type, see Clark andGuensburg 1972; omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001, presumably has poor provenance
"Dinictis sp." (agrees with Bryant 1996) is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001, presumably has poor provenance
"Leptochoerus sp." is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001, presumably has poor provenance
"Agriochoerus sp." is omitted by Tabrum et al. 2001, presumably has poor provenance
Metadata
Also known as:Pipestone Main; MV 5810, 5811, 5901, 5902
Database number:17010
Authorizer:J. Alroy, J. Marcot, P. Barrett, C. Boyd Enterer:J. Alroy, T. Cleary, C. Boyd, J. Wertheim, J. Marcot
Modifier:J. Alroy Research group:vertebrate
Created:1993-02-18 00:00:00 Last modified:2002-09-27 19:58:40
Access level:the public Released:1993-02-18 00:00:00
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:

3359. A. R. Tabrum, D. R. Prothero, and D. Garcia. 1996. Magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Eocene-Oligocene transition, southwestern Montana. In D. R. Prothero and R. J. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America 278-311 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]

Secondary references:

6294 J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari]
13815% 51860E. Douglass. 1902. Fossil Mammalia of the White River beds of Montana. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 20:237-279 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/W. Clyde]
1382 E. Douglass. 1903. New vertebrates from the Montana Tertiary. Annals of Carnegie Museum 2(5):145-199 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
1975 R. M. Hunt, Jr. 1996. Amphicyonidae. In D. R. Prothero and R. M. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America 476-485 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
67880 E. Jimenez-Hidalgo, R. Guerrero-Arenas, and K. T. Smith. 2018. Gregorymys veloxikua, the oldest pocket gopher (Rodentia: Geomyidae), and the early diversification of Geomyoidea . Journal of Mammalian Evolution 25:427-439 [C. Boyd/C. Boyd]
27145% 28700G. E. Ostrander. 1983. A new genus of eomyid (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the early Oligocene (Chadronian), Pipestone Springs, Montana. Journal of Paleontology 57(1):140-144 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
28055% 6280D. R. Prothero. 1996. Camelidae. In D. R. Prothero and R. J. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene Transition in North America 609-651 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot]
51726 D. R. Prothero. 2005. The Evolution of North American Rhinoceroses. 1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot]
28445% 43580C. A. Reed. 1954. Some fossorial mammals from the Tertiary of western North America. Journal of Paleontology 28(1):102-111 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
60385 R. M. Sullivan. 1979. Revision of the Paleogene genus Glyptosaurus (Reptilia, Anguidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 163(1):1-72 [P. Barrett/T. Cleary]
57250 A. R. Tabrum and G. Métais. 2007. Pipestoneia douglassi, A New Genus and Species of Selenodont Artiodactyl from the Pipestone Springs Area, Jefferson County, Montana. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 39:83-96 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot/J. Marcot]
4220 A. R. Tabrum, R. Nichols, and A. D. Barnosky. 2001. Tertiary paleontology of southwest Montana and adjacent Idaho. Museum of the Rockies Occasional Paper 3:93-112 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]