Bundenbach - Eschenbach, Germany (Devonian of Germany)

Where: Germany (49.0° N, 10.0° E: paleocoordinates 41.0° S, 46.3° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Hunsrueck Slate Formation, Early/Lower Emsian (409.1 - 402.5 Ma)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; slate

• dark grey to black.

Size classes: macrofossils, microfossils

Collection methods: quarrying, chemical, mechanical,

Primary reference: W. Stuermer and F. Schaarschmidt. 1980. Pflanzen im Hunsrueckschiefer. Versteinertes Leben im Roentgenlicht 11:19-25 [P. Gensel/C. Bernard/C. Bernard]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 26904: authorized by Pat Gensel, entered by Caroline Bernard on 07.11.2002, edited by Wolfgang Kiessling and Loic Villier

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Pentremitella osoleae
blastoid/crinozoan, Lehmann
Bactrocrinus jaekeli
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Protasteracanthium primus
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Tityostens rieversi
arthrodiran/fish, Gross
Prototaxites
  -
Prototaxites loganii
ID questionable (Gensel, personal communication). possibly Trimerophyte. ID'ed from x-ray.
Psilophytopsida
 Psilophytales - Trimerophytaceae
cf. Trimerophyton indet. Hopping 1956
Dachschiefer
 Psilophytales - Psilophytaceae
Psilophyton indet. Dawson 1859
Drepanophycus
  -
Drepanophycus indet. Göppert 1852
unclassified
  -
Ctenophora indet. Eschscholtz 1829
ctenophore
Hexactinellida
 Reticulosa - Protospongiidae
Protospongia rhenana glass sponge
sponge, (Schlueter)
 Reticulosa - Dictyospongiidae
Dictyospongiidae indet.2 Hall and Clarke 1899 glass sponge
Retifungus rudens2 glass sponge
Hydrozoa
 Hydroida -
Palaeonectris discoidea
hydrozoan, Rauff
Scyphozoa
 Conulariida - Conulariidae
Conularia bundenbachia jellyfish
scyphozoan, R. & E. Richter
Conularia tulipina jellyfish
scyphozoan, R. & E. Richter
Conularia sp. jellyfish
Conularia sp. a. scyphozoan, R. & E. Richter
Cephalopoda
 Agoniatitida - Mimagoniatitidae
"Mimagoniatites falcistria" = Mimagoniatites fecundus
"Mimagoniatites falcistria" = Mimagoniatites fecundus Barrande 1865 ammonite
ammonoid, (Fuchs)
 Agoniatitida - Mimosphinctidae
"Teicherticeras primigenitum" = Mimosphinctes primigenitus, Anetoceras arduennense
"Teicherticeras primigenitum" = Mimosphinctes primigenitus Erben 1965 ammonite
ammonoid, Erben
Anetoceras arduennense Steininger 1853 ammonite
ammonoid, (Steininger)
Gastropoda
 Murchisoniina - Palaeozygopleuridae
"Loxonema obliquearcuatum" = Palaeozygopleura obliquearcuatum
"Loxonema obliquearcuatum" = Palaeozygopleura obliquearcuatum Sandberger and Sandberger 1855 snail
gastropod, Sandberger
Bivalvia
 Cardiida -
Cypricardella sp. Hall 1856 clam
pelecypod
 Solemyida - Ctenodontidae
Ctenodonta cf. subcontracta clam
pelecypod, Beushausen
Pycnogonida
  - Palaeoisopodidae
Palaeoisopus problematicus Broili 1928 sea spider
palaeopantopod/arthropod, Broili
 Palaeopantopoda - Palaeopantopodidae
Palaeopantopus maucheri Broili 1929 sea spider
palaeopantopod/arthropod, Broili
Arachnida
 Scorpiones - Palaeoscorpionidae
Palaeoscorpius devonicus Lehmann 1944 scorpion
arachnid/arthropod, Lehmann
 Euchelicerata - Weinberginidae
Weinbergina opitzi Richter and Richter 1929
xiphosuran/arthropod, R. & E. Richter
Malacostraca
 Archaeostraca -
Nahecaris balssi
phyllocarid/arthropod, Broili
Trilobita
 Proetida - Proetidae
"Cornuproetus hunsrueckianus" = Sculptoproetus hunsrueckianus
"Cornuproetus hunsrueckianus" = Sculptoproetus hunsrueckianus Richter 1936 trilobite
trilobite, E. Richter
 Phacopida - Dalmanitidae
Odontochile rhenanus trilobite
trilobite, (Kayser)
Stylophora
 Mitrata - Anomalocystitidae
Rhenocystis latipedunculata
stylophoran, Dehm
 Mitrata -
Mitrocystites ? styloideus
Mitrocystites (?)styloideus. stylophoran/echinoderm, Dehm
Crinoidea
 Monobathrida - Melocrinitidae
Ctenocrinus malcontractus Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Monobathrida - Hapalocrinidae
Thallocrinus acifer Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Thallocrinus hauchecornei Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
Thallocrinus procerus Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Thallocrinus rugosus Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Hapalocrinus elegans Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
Hapalocrinus frechi Sea lily
ssp.: imbellis, nimisfurcata, rarefurcata, & ssp. monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Hapalocrinus innoxius Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Hapalocrinus penniger Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Diplobathrida - Dimerocrinitidae
Macarocrinus semelfurcatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Macarocrinus springeri Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
Macarocrinus terfurcatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Pterinocrinus diensti Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Pterinocrinus ehrlicheri Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Lehmann
 Diplobathrida - Rhodocrinitidae
Diamenocrinus opitzi Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Diamenocrinus stellatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
Acanthocrinus heroldi crinoid
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Acanthocrinus lingenbachensis crinoid
dicyclican/crinozoan, Lehmann
Acanthocrinus rex crinoid
dicyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
 Inadunata -
Dicirrocrinus comptus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Taxocrinida - Taxocrinidae
Eutaxocrinus prognatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Eutaxocrinus sincerus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Taxocrinus stuertzi Sea lily
ssp.: spinifer & ssp. dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Dendrocrinida - Rutkowskicrinidae
Iteacrinus dactylus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (W. E. Schmidt)
 Dendrocrinida - Dendrocrinidae
Parisangulocrinus cucumis Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Parisangulocrinus furcaxialis Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Parisangulocrinus minax Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Parisangulocrinus schmidti Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Lehmann
Parisangulocrinus zeaeformis Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (Follmann)
 Dendrocrinida - Mastigocrinidae
Follicrinus grebei Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (Follmann)
Lasiocrinus subramulosus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Antihomocrinus armatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Dictenocrinus ericus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Dictenocrinus hystrix Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (W. E. Schmidt)
Dictenocrinus semipinnulatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (W. E. Schmidt)
Dictenocrinus spaciosus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Cyathocrinida - Codiacrinidae
Codiacrinus schultzei Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Follmann
 Cyathocrinida - Cyathocrinitidae
Gissocrinus vertebrachialis Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Poteriocrinina - Rhenocrinidae
Rhenocrinus ramosissimus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Rhenocrinus lobatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Sieverts-Doreck
 Cladida - Botryocrinidae
Rhadinocrinus nanus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (F. Roemer)
Gastrocrinus eupelmatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (W. E. Schmidt)
Gastrocrinus giganteus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Imitatocrinus gracilior Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (F. Roemer)
 Pisocrinida - Pisocrinidae
Calycanthocrinus decadactylus Sea lily
lata & ssp. monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Triacrinus elongatus Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, Follmann
Triacrinus koenigswaldi Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Triacrinus kutscheri Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Calceocrinida - Calceocrinidae
Senariocrinus maucheri Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Rhombifera - Pleurocystitidae
Regulaecystis pleurocystoides Dehm 1932
cystoid/crinozoan, Dehm
Edrioasteroidea
  - Pyrgocystidae
Pyrgocystis coronaeformis
Rhenopyrgus. echinozoan, (Rievers)
Pyrgocystis octogona
Rhenopyrgus? echinozoan, R. Richter
Echinoidea
 Echinocystitoida - Echinocystitidae
Rhenechinus hopstaetteri sea urchin
echinozoan, Dehm
Ophiuroidea
  - Encrinasteridae
Cheiropteraster giganteus Stürtz 1890 brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Encrinaster primigenius brittle star
compactus. ophiuroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Encrinaster roemeri Schöndorf 1910 brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (Schoendorf)
Euzonosoma tischbeiniana brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (F. Roemer)
Loriolaster mirabilis Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Loriolaster gracilis Lehmann 1957 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Oegophiurida - Lapworthuridae
Miospondylus rhenanus Stürtz 1893 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Lapworthura lehmanni1 Glass and Poschmann 2006 brittle star
 Oegophiurida - Protasteridae
Mastigophiura grandis Lehmann 1957 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Palaeophiura simplex Stürtz 1890 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Furcaster zitteli Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Furcaster palaeozoicus Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Furcaster decheni Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Taeniaster beneckei brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Palaeophiomyxa grandis Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
  - Euzonosomatidae
Hymenosoma opitzi Lehmann 1957 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Ophiurida - Ophiurinidae
Ophiurina lymani Stürtz 1890 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
 Phrynophiurida - Eospondylidae
Kentrospondylus decadactylus Lehmann 1957 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Eospondylus primigenius Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz). also ssp. compactus, Lehmann
Stenuroidea
  -
Hystrigaster horridus Lehmann 1957
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Echinasterella sladeni Stürtz 1890
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
 Parophiurina - Palaeuridae
Medusaster rhenanus Stürtz 1890
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
 Proturina - Pradesuridae
Erinaceaster giganteus Lehmann 1957
ophiuroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Erinaceaster tenuispinosus Lehmann 1957
ophiuroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
  -
"Erinaceaster spinosissimus" = Sturtzaster spinosissimus, Palasteriscus devonicus
"Erinaceaster spinosissimus" = Sturtzaster spinosissimus Roemer 1864
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (F. Roemer)
Palasteriscus devonicus Stürtz 1886
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Asteroidea
  -
Hunsrueckaster peregrinus Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Hadrosida - Xenasteridae
Palaeostella solida Stürtz 1890 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
 Hadrosida - Urasterellidae
Urasterella apserula sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, (F. Roemer)
Protasteracanthion primus3 Stürtz 1886 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Urasterella verruculosa Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Hadrosida - Palaeasteridae
Baliactis devonicus Spencer 1927 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Spencer
Baliactis tuberatus Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Baliactis scutatus Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Archasterina cornuta Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Kyraster inermis Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Leioactis hunsrueckianus Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Ambuloasteroidea - Compsasteridae
Schlueteraster schlueteri Stürtz 1886 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Compsaster petaliformis sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
 Euaxosida - Helianthasteridae
Helianthaster rhenanus Roemer 1864 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann. also, microdiscus F. Roemer.
 Euaxosida - Palasterinidae
Palaeosolaster gregoryi Stürtz 1899 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Palasterina maucheri Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Palasterina follmanni Stürtz 1890 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Palasterina marginata Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Palasterina tilmanni Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Palasterina taenibrachiata Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Placodermi
 Petalichthyida - Macropetalichthyidae
Lunaspis heroldi Broili 1929 armour-plated fish
arthrodiran/fish, Broili
Lunaspis broilii Gross 1937 armour-plated fish
arthrodiran/fish, Gross
 Arthrodira -
? Brachythoraci indet. Gross 1932 armour-plated fish
gen. et sp. indet. arthrodiran/fish
 Arthrodira - Actinolepidae
Stuertzaspis germanica Traquair 1903 armour-plated fish
arthrodiran/fish, (Traquair)
 Pseudopetalichthyida - Paraplesiobatidae
Paraplesiobatis heinrichsi Broili 1933 armour-plated fish
rhenanidan/fish, Broili
Osteichthyes
 Dipnorhynchiformes - Dipnorhynchidae
Dipnorhynchus lehmanni Westoll 1949 lungfish
dipnoid/fish, Westoll