Eschenbach-Bocksberg mine, Bundenbach (Devonian of Germany)

Also known as Bundenbach - Eschenbach, Hunsrück Slate, Huensruck Slate, Hunsrück Lagerstatten

Where: Germany (49.8° N, 7.4° E: paleocoordinates 38.8° S, 42.7° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Hunsrück Slate Formation, Early/Lower Emsian (409.1 - 402.5 Ma)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; slate

• dark grey to black.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Preservation: replaced with pyrite

Collection methods: quarrying, chemical, mechanical,

Primary reference: W. Stuermer and F. Schaarschmidt. 1980. Pflanzen im Hunsrueckschiefer. Versteinertes Leben im Roentgenlicht 11:19-25 [P. Gensel/C. Bernard/C. Bernard]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 26904: authorized by Pat Gensel, entered by Caroline Bernard on 07.11.2002, edited by Wolfgang Kiessling, Loic Villier and Phil Novack-Gottshall

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Anthozoa
 Favositida - Micheliniidae
Pleurodictyum giganteum1 tabulate coral
Pleurodictyum lenticulare1 tabulate coral
Pleurodictyum minimum1 tabulate coral
Scyphozoa
 Conulariida - Conulariidae
Cephalopoda
 Agoniatitida - Mimosphinctidae
Polychaeta
  -
Marrelomorpha
 Acercostraca - Vachonisiidae
Trilobita
 Phacopida - Acastidae
Soluta
 Dendrocystitida - Dendrocystitidae
Crinoidea
 Cladida - Botryocrinidae
 Ichnofossils -
Drepanophycus
  -
Drepanophycus indet. Göppert 1852
Psilophytopsida
 Psilophytales - Trimerophytaceae
cf. Trimerophyton indet. Hopping 1956
Dachschiefer
 Psilophytales - Psilophytaceae
Psilophyton sp. Dawson 1859
Prototaxites
  -
Prototaxites loganii
ID questionable (Gensel, personal communication). possibly Trimerophyte. ID'ed from x-ray.
Chlorophyceae
  - Receptaculitidae
Anthozoa
 Stauriida - Zaphrentidae
""Zaphrentis" sp." = Zaphrenthis1
""Zaphrentis" sp." = Zaphrenthis1 Rafinesque and Clifford 1820 horn coral
 Auloporida - Auloporidae
Aulopora sp.1 Goldfuss 1829 tabulate coral
Hydrozoa
 Siphonophorida - Velellidae
"Palaeonectris discoidea" = Plectodiscus discoideus
"Palaeonectris discoidea" = Plectodiscus discoideus Rauff 1939
hydrozoan, Rauff
Scyphozoa
 Conulariida - Conulariidae
Conularia bundenbachia jellyfish
scyphozoan, R. & E. Richter
Conularia tulipina jellyfish
scyphozoan, R. & E. Richter
Conularia sp. Miller 1820 jellyfish
Conularia sp. a. scyphozoan, R. & E. Richter
Paleoctenophora brasseli
  -
Paleoctenophora brasseli1 Stanley and Sturmer 1983
ctenophore
Asteriscosella nassovica
  -
Hexactinellida
 Rossellimorpha -
Rossellimorpha indet.3 Mehl et al. 1997 glass sponge
 Reticulosa - Protospongiidae
Protospongia rhenana glass sponge
sponge, (Schlueter)
 Reticulosa - Dictyospongiidae
Dictyospongiidae indet.3 Hall and Clarke 1899 glass sponge
Retifungus rudens3 glass sponge
Placodermi
 Rhenanida - Asterosteidae
Gemuendina stuertzi1 Traquair 1903 armour-plated fish
 Petalichthyida - Macropetalichthyidae
Lunaspis broilii Gross 1937 armour-plated fish
arthrodiran/fish, Gross
Lunaspis heroldi Broili 1929 armour-plated fish
arthrodiran/fish, Broili
 Pseudopetalichthyida - Paraplesiobatidae
Paraplesiobatis heinrichsi Broili 1933 armour-plated fish
rhenanidan/fish, Broili
 Arthrodira - Actinolepidae
Stuertzaspis germanica Traquair 1903 armour-plated fish
arthrodiran/fish, (Traquair)
 Arthrodira -
? Brachythoraci indet. Gross 1932 armour-plated fish
gen. et sp. indet. arthrodiran/fish
 Arthrodira - Homostiidae
Tityosteus rieversi Gross 1960 armour-plated fish
arthrodiran/fish, Gross
 Stensioellida - Stensioellidae
Stensioella heintzi n. gen. n. sp.1
Stensioella heintzi n. gen. n. sp.1 Broili 1933 armour-plated fish
Osteichthyes
 Dipnorhynchiformes - Dipnorhynchidae
Dipnorhynchus lehmanni Westoll 1949 lungfish
dipnoid/fish, Westoll
Crinoidea
 Monobathrida - Melocrinitidae
Ctenocrinus malcontractus Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Monobathrida - Hapalocrinidae
Thallocrinus acifer Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Thallocrinus hauchecornei Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
Thallocrinus procerus Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Thallocrinus rugosus Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Hapalocrinus elegans Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
Hapalocrinus frechi Sea lily
ssp.: imbellis, nimisfurcata, rarefurcata, & ssp. monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Hapalocrinus innoxius Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Hapalocrinus penniger Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Diplobathrida - Rhodocrinitidae
Diamenocrinus opitzi Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Diamenocrinus stellatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
Acanthocrinus heroldi crinoid
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Acanthocrinus lingenbachensis crinoid
dicyclican/crinozoan, Lehmann
Acanthocrinus rex crinoid
dicyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
 Diplobathrida - Dimerocrinitidae
Macarocrinus semelfurcatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Macarocrinus springeri Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Jaekel
Macarocrinus terfurcatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Pterinocrinus diensti Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Pterinocrinus ehrlicheri Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Lehmann
 Calceocrinida - Calceocrinidae
Senariocrinus maucheri Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Pisocrinida - Pisocrinidae
Calycanthocrinus decadactylus Sea lily
lata & ssp. monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Triacrinus elongatus Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, Follmann
Triacrinus koenigswaldi Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Triacrinus kutscheri Sea lily
monocyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Inadunata -
Dicirrocrinus comptus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Cladida - Botryocrinidae
"Dictenocrinus hystrix" = Bathericrinus hystrix Schmidt 1934 Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (W. E. Schmidt)
"Dictenocrinus spaciosus" = Bathericrinus spaciosus Schmidt 1934 Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
"Dictenocrinus semipinnulatus" = Bathericrinus semipinnulatus Schmidt 1934 Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (W. E. Schmidt)
Rhadinocrinus nanus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (F. Roemer)
Imitatocrinus gracilior Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (F. Roemer)
Gastrocrinus eupelmatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (W. E. Schmidt)
Gastrocrinus giganteus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Poteriocrinina - Rhenocrinidae
Rhenocrinus ramosissimus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Rhenocrinus lobatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Sieverts-Doreck
 Dendrocrinida - Mastigocrinidae
Lasiocrinus subramulosus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Dictenocrinus ericus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Antihomocrinus armatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Follicrinus grebei Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (Follmann)
 Dendrocrinida - Dendrocrinidae
"Bactrocrinus jaekeli" = Bactrocrinites jaekeli Schmidt 1934 Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Parisangulocrinus cucumis Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Parisangulocrinus furcaxialis Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Parisangulocrinus minax Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Parisangulocrinus schmidti Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Lehmann
Parisangulocrinus zeaeformis Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (Follmann)
 Dendrocrinida - Rutkowskicrinidae
Iteacrinus dactylus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, (W. E. Schmidt)
 Cyathocrinida - Codiacrinidae
Codiacrinus schultzei Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, Follmann
 Cyathocrinida - Cyathocrinitidae
Gissocrinus vertebrachialis Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
 Taxocrinida - Taxocrinidae
Taxocrinus stuertzi Sea lily
ssp.: spinifer & ssp. dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Eutaxocrinus prognatus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Eutaxocrinus sincerus Sea lily
dicyclican/crinozoan, W. E. Schmidt
Blastoidea
 Fissiculata - Nymphaeoblastidae
"Schizotremites osoleae" = Pentremitella osoleae1
"Schizotremites osoleae" = Pentremitella osoleae1 Lehmann 1949 blastoid
blastoid/crinozoan, Lehmann
  -
"Pentremitidea medusa n. sp." = Lotusoblastus medusa1
"Pentremitidea medusa n. sp." = Lotusoblastus medusa1 Jaekel 1895 blastoid
 Rhombifera - Pleurocystitidae
Regulaecystis pleurocystoides Dehm 1932
cystoid/crinozoan, Dehm
Holothuroidea
 Arthrochirotida - Palaeocucumariidae
Palaeocucumaria hunsrueckiana1 Lehmann 1958 sea cucumber
Echinoidea
 Echinocystitoida - Echinocystitidae
Rhenechinus hopstaetteri sea urchin
echinozoan, Dehm
Ophiuroidea
 Oegophiurida - Protasteridae
Palaeophiura simplex Stürtz 1890 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Furcaster zitteli Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Furcaster palaeozoicus Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Furcaster decheni Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Taeniaster beneckei brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Palaeophiomyxa grandis Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Mastigophiura grandis Lehmann 1957 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Oegophiurida - Lapworthuridae
Miospondylus rhenanus Stürtz 1893 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Lapworthura lehmanni2 Glass and Poschmann 2006 brittle star
  - Encrinasteridae
Encrinaster primigenius brittle star
compactus. ophiuroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Encrinaster roemeri Schöndorf 1910 brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (Schoendorf)
Loriolaster gracilis Lehmann 1957 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Loriolaster mirabilis Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Cheiropteraster giganteus Stürtz 1890 brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Euzonosoma tischbeiniana brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (F. Roemer)
  - Euzonosomatidae
Hymenosoma opitzi Lehmann 1957 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Phrynophiurida - Eospondylidae
Eospondylus primigenius Stürtz 1886 brittle star
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz). also ssp. compactus, Lehmann
Kentrospondylus decadactylus Lehmann 1957 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Ophiurida - Ophiurinidae
Ophiurina lymani Stürtz 1890 brittle star
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Asteroidea
  -
Hunsrueckaster peregrinus Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Euaxosida - Palasterinidae
Palasterina follmanni Stürtz 1890 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Palasterina marginata Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Palasterina maucheri Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Palasterina taenibrachiata Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Palasterina tilmanni Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Palaeosolaster gregoryi Stürtz 1899 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
 Euaxosida - Helianthasteridae
Helianthaster rhenanus Roemer 1864 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann. also, microdiscus F. Roemer.
 Ambuloasteroidea - Compsasteridae
Compsaster petaliformis sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
Schlueteraster schlueteri Stürtz 1886 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, (Stuertz)
 Hadrosida - Xenasteridae
Palaeostella solida Stürtz 1890 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
 Hadrosida - Palaeasteridae
Baliactis devonicus Spencer 1927 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Spencer
Baliactis scutatus Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Baliactis tuberatus Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Archasterina cornuta Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Leioactis hunsrueckianus Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Kyraster inermis Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
 Hadrosida - Urasterellidae
Urasterella verruculosa Lehmann 1957 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
"Urasterella asperula" = Roemeraster asperula1 Roemer 1864 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, (F. Roemer)
Protasteracanthion primus Stürtz 1886 sea star
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Stenuroidea
 Parophiurina - Palaeuridae
Medusaster rhenanus Stürtz 1890
ophuiroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
 Proturina - Pradesuridae
"Erinaceaster tenuispinosus" = Stuertzaster tenuispinosus
"Erinaceaster tenuispinosus" = Stuertzaster tenuispinosus Lehmann 1957
ophiuroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
  -
Hystrigaster horridus Lehmann 1957
asteroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
Palasteriscus devonicus Stürtz 1886
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
Echinasterella sladeni Stürtz 1890
asteroid/asterozoan, Stuertz
"Erinaceaster giganteus" = Stuertzaster giganteus Lehmann 1957
ophiuroid/asterozoan, Lehmann
"Erinaceaster spinosissimus" = Stuertzaster spinosissimus Roemer 1864
ophiuroid/asterozoan, (F. Roemer)
Stylophora
 Mitrata - Anomalocystitidae
Rhenocystis latipedunculata
stylophoran, Dehm
 Mitrata -
Mitrocystites ? styloideus
Mitrocystites (?)styloideus. stylophoran/echinoderm, Dehm
Edrioasteroidea
  - Pyrgocystidae
Pyrgocystis coronaeformis
Rhenopyrgus. echinozoan, (Rievers)
Pyrgocystis octogona
Rhenopyrgus? echinozoan, R. Richter
Tentaculita
 Nowakiida - Nowakiidae
"Novakia sp." = Nowakia1
"Novakia sp." = Nowakia1 Gurich 1896
Polychaeta
  -
Sphenothallus sp.1 Hall 1847
Cephalopoda
 Agoniatitida - Mimagoniatitidae
"Mimagoniatites falcistria" = Mimagoniatites fecundus
"Mimagoniatites falcistria" = Mimagoniatites fecundus Barrande 1865 ammonite
ammonoid, (Fuchs)
 Agoniatitida - Mimosphinctidae
Erbenoceras sp.1 Bogoslovsky 1962 ammonite
Anetoceras arduennense Steininger 1853 ammonite
ammonoid, (Steininger)
"Teicherticeras primigenitum" = Mimosphinctes primigenitus Erben 1965 ammonite
ammonoid, Erben
 Agoniatitida - Mimoceratidae
Gyroceratites sp.1 Meyer 1831 ammonite
 Bactritida - Bactritidae
Cyrtobactrites sp.1 Erben 1960
 Orthocerida - Orthoceratidae
"Orthoceras" sp.1 Breynius 1832
Bivalvia
 Solemyida - Ctenodontidae
Ctenodonta cf. subcontracta clam
pelecypod, Beushausen
 Cyrtodontida - Praecardiidae
Buchiola sp.1 Barrande 1881 clam
 Cardiida -
Cypricardella sp. Hall 1856 clam
pelecypod
Gastropoda
 Murchisoniina - Palaeozygopleuridae
"Loxonema obliquearcuatum" = Palaeozygopleura obliquearcuatum
"Loxonema obliquearcuatum" = Palaeozygopleura obliquearcuatum Sandberger and Sandberger 1855 snail
gastropod, Sandberger
 Murchisoniina - Eotomariidae
"Bembexia" sp.1 Oehlert and Oehlert 1888 snail
 Bellerophontida - Bellerophontidae
"Bellerophon" sp.1 de Montfort 1808 snail
 Euomphalina - Anomphalidae
"Pycnomphalus" sp.1 Lindström 1884 snail
Stenolaemata
 Cyclostomata - Hederellidae
Hederella sp.1 Hall 1883
Hyolitha
  -
Hyolitha indet.1 Marek 1963
Pycnogonida
  - Palaeoisopodidae
Palaeoisopus problematicus Broili 1928 sea spider
palaeopantopod/arthropod, Broili
 Palaeopantopoda - Palaeopantopodidae
Palaeopantopus maucheri Broili 1929 sea spider
palaeopantopod/arthropod, Broili
 Euchelicerata - Weinberginidae
Weinbergina opitzi Richter and Richter 1929
xiphosuran/arthropod, R. & E. Richter
Arachnida
 Scorpiones - Palaeoscorpionidae
Palaeoscorpius devonicus Lehmann 1944 scorpion
arachnid/arthropod, Lehmann
Euchelicerata
 Eurypterida - Rhenopteridae
Rhenopterus diensti1 Stoermer 1936 eurypterid
Malacostraca
 Archaeostraca -
Nahecaris balssi
phyllocarid/arthropod, Broili
Nahecaris stuertzi1 Jaekel 1921
Ostracoda
 Palaeocopida - Beyrichiidae
Zygobeyrichia sp.1 Ulrich 1916 ostracod
Cornikloedenia sp.1 Henningsmoen 1954 ostracod
misspelled as "Cornikloedenina"
 Palaeocopida - Aparchitidae
 Palaeocopida - Primitiidae
Primitia sp.1 Jones and Holl 1923 ostracod
 Palaeocopida -
Carinokloedenia sp.1 ostracod
misspelled as "Carinakloedenia"
Artiopoda
 Cheloniellida -
Cheloniellon calmani1 Broili 1932
Trilobita
 Phacopida - Dalmanitidae
Odontochile rhenanus trilobite
trilobite, (Kayser)
 Phacopida - Phacopidae
Chotecops sp.1 Chlupac 1971 trilobite
 Phacopida - Acastidae
Asteropyge sp.1 Hawle and Corda 1847 trilobite
 Proetida - Proetidae
"Cornuproetus hunsrueckianus" = Sculptoproetus hunsrueckianus
"Cornuproetus hunsrueckianus" = Sculptoproetus hunsrueckianus Richter 1936 trilobite
trilobite, E. Richter
Marrellomorpha
 Marrellida - Mimetasteridae
Mimetaster hexagonalis1 Gürich 1931
 Ichnofossils - Biformitidae
Arcichnus saltatus1 Sutcliffe 1997
 Ichnofossils -
Heliochone hunsrueckiana1 Seilacher and Hemleben 1966