Where: Chatham County, Georgia (32.0° N, 81.1° W: paleocoordinates 32.0° N, 81.1° W)
• coordinate stated in text
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: oxygen isotope stage 5 zone, Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)
• specimens are from both the banks and bed of a modern channel, suggesting that more than one bed was collected
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: marginal marine; lithology not reported
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils
Collection methods: bulk, sieve,
Primary reference: R. C. Hulbert, Jr. and A. E. Pratt. 1998. Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) vertebrate faunas from coastal Georgia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(2):412-429 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 20604: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.10.1995
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
•NISP 177
Bivalvia | |
"Nucula proxima" = Nucula (Nucula) proxima
"Nucula proxima" = Nucula (Nucula) proxima Say 1820 Atlantic Nut Clam | |
"Noetia ponderosa" = Eontia ponderosa
"Noetia ponderosa" = Eontia ponderosa Say 1822 clam | |
"Anadara brasiliana" = Anadara (Cunearca) brasiliana, "Anadara transversa" = Anadara (Larkinia) transversa, "Anadara ovalis" = Lunarca ovalis
"Anadara brasiliana" = Anadara (Cunearca) brasiliana Lamarck 1819 ark
"Anadara transversa" = Anadara (Larkinia) transversa Say 1822 ark
"Anadara ovalis" = Lunarca ovalis Bruguiere 1789 ark | |
Anomia simplex d'Orbigny 1845 jingle | |
Pleuromeris tridentata Say 1826 clam | |
Abra aequalis Say 1822 abra | |
"Donax variabilis" = Serrula variabilis
"Donax variabilis" = Serrula variabilis Say 1822 clam | |
Mulinia lateralis Say 1822 clam | |
"Divaricella quadrisulcata" = Divalinga quadrisulcata
"Divaricella quadrisulcata" = Divalinga quadrisulcata d'Orbigny 1846 clam | |
Gastropoda | |
"Polinices duplicatus" = Neverita duplicatus
"Polinices duplicatus" = Neverita duplicatus Say 1822 moon snail | |
"Terebra dislocata" = Strioterebrum dislocatum
"Terebra dislocata" = Strioterebrum dislocatum Say 1822 auger snail | |
"Oliva sayana" = Oliva (Ispidula) sayana
"Oliva sayana" = Oliva (Ispidula) sayana Ravenel 1834 olive snail | |
Eupleura caudata Say 1822 murex snail | |
Busycon carica Gmelin 1792 whelk | |
Epitonium rupicola Kurtz 1860 wentletrap | |
Mammalia | |
Didelphis virginiana Kerr 1792 Virginia opossum | |
Sylvilagus palustris Bachman 1837 marsh rabbit
Sylvilagus floridanus Allen 1890 eastern cottontail | |
Castor canadensis Kuhl 1820 American beaver | |
Glaucomys volans Linnaeus 1758 southern flying squirrel
Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin 1788 eastern gray squirrel | |
Microtus pennsylvanicus, "Pitymys pinetorum" = Microtus pinetorum1, Sigmodon hispidus, Synaptomys australis, Neofiber alleni, Neotoma floridana, Peromyscus cf. polionotus, Oryzomys palustris
Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord 1815 meadow vole
Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord 1825 hispid cotton rat
Synaptomys australis Simpson 1928 rodent
Neofiber alleni True 1884 round-tailed muskrat
Neotoma floridana Ord 1818 eastern woodrat
Peromyscus cf. polionotus Wagner 1843 oldfield mouse
Oryzomys palustris Harlan 1837 marsh rice rat | |
Blarina brevicauda Say 1823 northern short-tailed shrew
Blarina carolinensis Bachman 1837 southern short-tailed shrew | |
Scalopus aquaticus Linnaeus 1758 eastern mole | |
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Procyon lotor Linnaeus 1758 raccoon | |
Ursidae indet. Gray 1825 bear | |
Lynx rufus Schreber 1777 bobcat
Leopardus sp. Gray 1842 cat | |
Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann 1780 white-tailed deer | |
Bison sp. Hamilton-Smith 1827 bison | |
Mylohyus fossilis Leidy 1860 peccary | |
Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758 horse | |
"Tapirus veroensis" = Tapirus (Helicotapirus) veroensis
"Tapirus veroensis" = Tapirus (Helicotapirus) veroensis Sellards 1918 tapir | |
Mammut americanum Kerr 1792 American mastodon | |
Eremotherium laurillardi Lund 1842 edentate (considering that four numbered specimens appear to represent one individual)
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Paramylodon harlani Owen 1840 Harlan's ground sloth | |
| |
Reptilia | |
Alligator mississippiensis Daudin 1801 American alligator | |
Aves | |
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Reptilia | |
Serpentes indet. snake | |
Pituophis melanoleucas, Coluber constrictor, Regina sp., Nerodia fasciata, Thamnophis sirtalis, Heterodon sp.
Pituophis melanoleucas gopher snake
Coluber constrictor Linnaeus 1758 black racer
Regina sp. Baird and Girard 1853 crayfish snake
Nerodia fasciata Linnaeus 1766 banded water snake
Thamnophis sirtalis Linnaeus garter snake
Heterodon sp. Latreille 1801 hog-nosed snake | |
Crotalus sp. Linnaeus 1758 rattlesnake
Agkistrodon piscivorus cottonmouth | |
Deirochelys reticularia Latreille 1801 Chicken turtle
Terrapene carolina Linnaeus 1758 common box turtle
Pseudemys cf. concinna Le Conte 1830 eastern river cooter | |
Gopherus polyphemus Daudin 1802 Florida gopher tortoise
Hesperotestudo crassicutata turtle
"Hesperotestudo incisa" = Hesperotestudo turgida Cope 1892 turtle | |
Chelydra serpentina Linnaeus 1758 Common snapping turtle | |
Kinosternon sp. von Spix 1824 mud turtle
Sternotherus sp. Gray 1825 musk turtle | |
"Kinosternidae indet." = Kinosternoidea
"Kinosternidae indet." = Kinosternoidea Hay 1892 mud turtle | |
Amphibia | |
Rana catesbiana frog | |
Pseudacris ornata Holbrook 1836 ornate chorus frog | |
Bufo sp. Laurenti 1768 toad | |
"Ambystoma cf. maculatum" = Amblystoma maculatum, Amphiuma sp.2, Notophthalmus viridescens, Siren cf. intermedia
"Ambystoma cf. maculatum" = Amblystoma maculatum Shaw 1802 Spotted salamander
Notophthalmus viridescens Rafinesque 1820 Eastern newt
Siren cf. intermedia siren | |
Actinopteri | |
Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843 gar | |
Prionotus sp. Lacépède 1802 sea robin | |
Sphyraena sp. Artedi 1793 barracuda | |
Synodus sp. Scopoli 1777 | |
Batrachoididae indet. toadfish
Opsanus sp. Rafinesque 1818 toadfish | |
Pogonias cromis Cope 1869 black drum | |
Balistes sp. Linnaeus 1758 | |
Lactophrys sp. Swainson 1839 | |
Bairdiella cf. chrysoura perch-like fish | |
Lagodon rhomboides Linnaeus 1766 perch-like fish
Archosargus probatocephalus Walbaum 1792 perch-like fish | |
Bothidae indet. flatfish | |
Mugil sp. Linnaeus 1758 | |
Fundulus sp. Lacépède 1803 | |
Trichiurus sp. Linnaeus 1758 | |
Arius felis Ariid catfish | |
Clupeidae indet. Cuvier 1817 herring
cf. Alosa sp. Linck 1790 herring | |
Chondrichthyes | |
Negaprion brevirostris, Carcharhinus sp., Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharhinus leucas, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae
Negaprion brevirostris Poey 1868 lemon shark
Carcharhinus sp. de Blainville 1816 requiem shark
Carcharhinus leucas Valenciennes 1839 requiem shark
Rhizoprionodon terraenovae sharpnose shark | |
Sphyrna tiburo hammerhead shark | |
Galeocerdo cuvier Peron and LeSueur 1822 tiger shark | |
Carcharias taurus Rafinesque 1810 sand shark | |
Ginglymostoma cirratum Gmelin 1789 nurse shark | |
Aetobatus narinari Euphrasen 1790 stingray | |
Dasyatidae indet. Jordan 1888 whiptail stingray | |
Myliobatidae indet. Bonaparte 1838 eagle ray |